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1

Seepage through Earth Dam

Abolfazl Nazari Giglou, Taher Nazari Giglou, Afshar Minaei

Department of Civil Engineering, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad Moghan, Iran. a.nazari.g@iaupmogan.ac.ir

Abstract: Seepage through homogeneous and non-homogeneous earth dams includes saturated and un-saturated flow. Unsaturated flow usually is ignored in earth dam but It should be considered in order to compute the position of the water table and seepage face that may develop either on the downstream slope of the homogeneous earth dam or within the filter layer behind the core of a homogeneous earth. Different homogeneous earths with heights of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 m have been analyzed numerically with a two-dimensional finite element code. A simplified method is presented to estimate the seepage rate through homogeneous earth dam with vertical drainage and by considering the saturated and unsaturated flow under steady-state conditions.

[Giglou AN. Bottom Deformation of Dock Settling Basin on Elastic Foundation. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):1-4] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.01

Keywords: Seepage Discharge; Saturated and Unsaturated Soil; Numerical Modelization

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2

The Philosophical Footprints in Carlos Castaneda’s Books Outside the Teachings of Don Juan’s area

Elika Baghaie

Abstract: Carlos Castaneda was an American author who graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles with a PhD in Anthropology. As he said in his books, he made several trips to the Southwest to collect information on the medicinal plants used by the Indians of the area. But during one of his trips he visited a white-haired old Indian who diverted him or changed his scientific investigation and named him Don Juan. He rarely spoke in public, except toward the end of his life, and he gave very few interviews. And he claimed in The Teachings of Don Juan that in fact, Don Juan disclosed very little about his personal life too and all he said was that he had been born in the Southwest in 189; that he spent nearly all his life in Mexico; that in 1900 his family was exiled by the Mexican government to central Mexico along with thousands of other Sonoran Indians; and that he lived in central and southern Mexico until 1940. Thus, as Don Juan had travelled a great deal, his knowledge may have been the product of many influences and although he regarded himself as an Indian from Sonora, I was not sure whether to place the context of his knowledge totally in the culture of the Sonoran Indians.

[Elika Baghaie. The Philosophical Footprints in Carlos Castaneda’s Books Outside the Teachings of Don Juan’s area. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):5-10] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.02

Keywords: Philosophical Footprint; Carlos Castaneda; Teachings; Don Juan

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Education of self differentiation to reduce the rate of anxiety in Adolescents of the divorced families

Maryam asaseh¹, Aghdas baigi², Akbar talebi³, Somaye mirzaee⁴ and Fatemeh khalili kermani⁵

¹Student of PHD in Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

²Student of MA in Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

³MA in Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

⁴MA in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵MA in Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Rudehen, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: This study aimed to find the effects of the education of self-differentiation on reducing the rate of anxiety in divorced children in Tehran, Iran. It was an experimental study using pre- and post-test on two groups of experiment and control. At the first,we selected randomly one school among the schools in region 6 in Tehran and then we listed the names of divorced children and selected 16 person among 27 divorced children. 16 female students of divorced families in the age of 13-14 years were randomly divided into two groups of experiment and control. Cattle anxiety Inventory was used for data collection. The independent variable was ten sessions of the education of self-differentiation conducted for the experiment group and the dependent variable was students’ scores of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the one-sided variance test. The results showed that with 95% certainty, the education of self-differentiation has been effective on reducing anxiety of the experiment group.

 [Maryam asaseh, Aghdas baigi, Akbar talebi, Somaye mirzaee and Fatemeh khalili kermani. Education of self differentiation to reduce the rate of anxiety in Adolescents of the divorced families. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):11-15] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.03

Keywords: education of self differentiation, trait, state anxiety, adolescents of divorced families

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4

The Concept of Justice in Islamic Political Thought

Yahya Fozi

Associate Professor of Political Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: This paper attempts to represents an analysis of the concept and research to explain the concept of justice in Islam and to answer the question that how to define the concept of justice in Islamic Political Thought? The author believes that the concept of justice among Muslim scholars closely linked with the concept of right and justice which is not possible without the recognition of individual and public rights. Accordingly, in the form of equity and justice based on fixed rights, the rights agreement would attempts to make sense of fairness index.

[Yahya Fozi. The Concept of Justice in Islamic Political Thought. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):16-20] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.04

Keywords: Justices, right, Islamic political thought

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5

Measurement of cat’s Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) by Scintigraphy

Gholamreza Assadnassab¹, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei², Babak Mahmoudian², Ali Rezai¹, Ali Ashrafi³, Masoud Poureisa⁴, Solmaz Rahmanie Barouji⁵

1- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Malekan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran

4- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran.

5- MD

Corresponding author: Gholamreza Assadnassab

*Corresponding author's email: assadnassabgh@iaut.ac.ir, assadnassabgh@gmail.com

Abstract: Nuclear medicine has been rapid progress in recent decades. In this method, the administration of radioisotopes to the body and accumulation of these substances in the tissues, specific imaging is obtained, which is based on distribution of gamma radiations exposed from these radioisotopes and recording of them. In this study we aimed to assess the physiological behavior of cat’s kidneys by scintigraphy and the results presented for use in future studies. In present study, 12 adult apparently healthy cats were selected. In our investigation, the mean value of total GFR was119.36±4.35 ml/min in special surface which was consist of right and left kidney’s GFR about 58.21±2.28 and 61.23±2.09 ml/min in special surface respectively. There is no significant difference in GFR obtained from right and left kidneys.

[Gholamreza Assadnassab, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei, Babak Mahmoudian, Ali Rezai, Ali Ashrafi, Masoud Poureisa, Solmaz Rahmanie Barouji. Measurement of cat’s Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) by Scintigraphy. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):21-24] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.05

Keywords: Cat, GFR, Kidney, Scintigraphy.

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Effect of Non Newtonian Fluid on the Kerf Angle of a Dailatant Jet

Hadi Jafari^1,*, Hassan Omrani², Abozar Karimpour²

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

^2. University of Allame Amini High Education, Institute of Babolsar, Bahnamir, Iran

Abstract: The result of liquid properties after adding cornstarch additives on the stability of an abrasive dilatant jet (ADJ) is presented and discussed with a view to enhance the jet stability for ADJ machining. It is shown that jet disintegration is a result of the jet internal disturbances associated with the fluid properties and the external air friction acting upon the jet surface. A jet becomes more stable with the addition of cornstarch additives, which is found to be mainly attributed to the increase of fluid viscosity. By contrast, the surrounding air friction with the jet results in the jet to disintegrate, and this external effect increases with an increase in the jet velocity. The developed model is finally verified experimentally, which shows that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data [1].

[Omrani H, Jafari H, Karimpour A. Effect of Non Newtonian Fluid on The Kerf Angle of a Dailatant Jet. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):25-34] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.06

Keywords: cornstarch additives; Abrasive dilatant jet (ADJ); Jet stability; Abrasive waterjet.

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7

Effects of Monosodium Glutamate and Acrylamide on The Liver Tissue of Adult Wistar Rats

Mai A. AL-Mosaibih

Department of Biology, Science College of Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah

Corresponding Author: malmosaibih@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The present work aimed to elucidate any histological changes in liver tissue of rats when treated with the commonly used food additive; Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and Acrylamide (ACR) ;which is the basic unit in polyacrylamide production and used in water treatment. Tha samples of this study was forty adult male wistar rats. They were divided into four equal groups. Group I was the control group, A single oral daily dose of 30mg/ kg/ day of (MSG) and of (ACR) for continuous 4 weeks was administered to Group II (MSG treated) and Group III (ACR treated) respectively. Group IIII received a single oral daily dose of both substance (MSG & ACR). The histological study of liver sections of Group II showed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes cords, nuclei pyknosis and congestion of blood vessels. The liver treated with (ACR) appeared hepatocytes necrosis, disruption of blood sinusoid, and decreased number of kupffer cells. However, similar histological change reported in group II and III were noticed in Group IIII with addition to some hepatocytes lysis and blood vessels fibrosis. According to findings in the experimental animal (male rats liver), we can conclude that the MSG & ACR cause hepatoxicity and tissue alteration.

[Mai A. AL-Mosaibih. Effects of Monosodium Glutamate and Acrylamide on The Liver Tissue of Adult Wistar Rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):35-42] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.07

Key words: Monosodium glutamate, Acrylamide, Rat, Liver, Histopathology.

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Some Families of Higher Order Three-Step Iterative Techniques

¹Nazir Ahmad Mir, ¹Saher Akmal Khan, ²Naila Rafiq, ²Nusrut Yasmin.

 ¹Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

²Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

nazirahmad.mir@gmail.com

Abstract: We suggest and analyze four new families of higher order three-step iterative techniques for solving non-linear equations. Each of these families has seventh order convergence. Per iteration, these families of methods require three function and one of its derivative evaluations. Thus, each of these families has  computational efficiency. Several examples are given to illustrate the performance and efficiency of these methods. Comparison with other similar methods is also given

[Nazir Ahmad Mir, Saher Akmal Khan, Naila Rafiq, Nusrut Yasmin. Some Families of Higher Order Three-Step Iterative Techniques. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):43-53] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.08

Keywords: Iterative methods; Three-step methods; Predictor-Corrector type methods; Convergence order.

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Some two-step simultaneous methods for determining all the roots of a non-linear equation

²Naila Rafiq, ¹Nazir Ahmad Mir, ²Nusrut Yasmin.

¹Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan

²Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

nazirahmad.mir@gmail.com

Abstract: We construct some two-step simultaneous methods for finding all the real and complex roots of a non-linear equation. The convergence analysis of these methods is also discussed. The methods are then compared numerically. It was found that the methods are very effective, efficient and provide good numerical results.

[Naila Rafiq, Nazir Ahmad Mir, Nusrut Yasmin. Some two-step simultaneous methods for determining all the roots of a non-linear equation. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):54-59] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.09

Keywords: Iterative methods, Simultaneous methods, Two-step methods, Order of convergence, Non-linear equations

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Assessment of the Preparedness Level of Administrators and State Hospitalsهاي دولتی گیلان در مقابله با زلزله of Guilan against Earthquake

Dr Abolhasan Afkar^1*, Dr Fardin Mehrabian², Mehdi Shams³, Leila Najafi⁴

^1. PhD in management of health & cure services, Guilan University of medical sciences, Iran.

^2. Faculty member, Guilan university of medical sciences, Iran

^3. Environmental Health Expert, Guilan university of medical sciences, Iran.

^4.PhD student of Health Services Management, science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding author: hasanafkar@yahoo.com, Tel: 09112369537

Abstract: Introduction & Function: one of the bitterest human memories also found in ancient books is natural disasters and unexpected events. of the obstacles and problems hospitals face with is the critical situation of the disasters. The present study is to assessment the preparedness rate of governmental hospitals of Guilan Province against earthquake in 2010. Material & Methods: the research has been descriptive-analytic type performed by cross-sectional study in 2010. The research community contained all educational hospitals of Guilan, and the data gathered through a questionnaire containing 37 questions and evaluating list containing133 specialized questions through interview and the documents about the preparedness of the hospitals. To analysis the data the SPSS 17 software is used. And the findings were illustrated through diagrams and tables. Findings: 26% of the interviewees were the hospital directors and the 74% were the managers. The preparedness rate of the hospitals in the fields of life back-up services was 80/8%, handling the unexpected events in hospitals was 82/89%, planning health services against the earthquake in hospital was 59/86%, equipments and threatening materials safety were 65/79%, buildings danger reduction was 46/05%, evacuating the hospital and outdoors treatments were 40%, and hospital training plans against earthquake was 59/64%. By one way variance analysis between manager’s awareness rate and hospital preparedness there exists a meaningful relation (P=0/001). All in all, the total hospitals of Guilan with the average of 64/31±14/21 percent were semi-prepared against earthquake. Discussion & conclusion: since the earthquake are really destructive and affect the health and treatment systems, and their effects remains for a long period, and by taking into account that the preparedness rate of the hospitals of the Province is middling, paying more attention to the hospitals in the field of preparedness against earthquake is mandatory.

[Abolhasan Afkar, Fardin Mehrabian, Mehdi Shams, Leila Najafi. ارزیابی ميزان آمادگي مدیران و بيمارستانAssessment of the Preparedness Level of Administrators and State Hospitalsهاي دولتی گیلان در مقابله با زلزله of Guilan against Earthquake. Life Sci J 2013; 10(2s):60-67] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.10

Key Words: Preparedness, Hospital, Guilan Province, earthquake

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Explain The Relationship Between Corporate Governance on Economic Value-Added (EVA) and Created Shareholder Value (CSV)

Jafar Nekounam^*1, Reza Sotudeh², Zahra Kohandel³

^*1Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

² Department of Accounting, Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN.

³Department of Accounting, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

jf_nekonam64@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of this research is study of relationship between economic value-added (EVA) with created shareholder value (CSV) and relationship between internal and external corporate governance with difference between economic value-added and created shareholder value. To do this, a sample including 49 companies accepted in Tehran Securities Bourse was randomly selected after systematic deletion. Multi-variable and two-variable regressions were used to study relationship between variables. The findings show that there is no relationship between economic value-added with created shareholder value by confidence level of 95%, and there is no relationship between corporate governance with economic value-added and created shareholder value. Also, there is no relationship between ownership percentage of institutional shareholders and ownership percentage of board of directors, ratio of unbounded managers to board of directors with difference of economic value-added and created shareholder value in all four groups.

[Nekounam J, Sotudeh R, Kohandel Z. Explain The Relationship Between Corporate Governance on Economic Value-Added (EVA) and Created Shareholder Value (CSV). J Am Sci 2013;10(2s):67-73]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.11

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Created Shareholder Value (CSV), Economic Value-Added (EVA).

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12

Socioeconomic status and quality of life in elderly people in rural area of Sari-Iran

Samad Rouhani¹, Parsa Zoleikani ²

^1.Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hospital Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Student Research Committee; Health Staff of Sari District Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Corresponding author: samad.rouhani@gmail.com

Abstract: There are many reports particularly from developed countries that show a relationship between socioeconomic status and health of individuals. Among a wide range of socioeconomic variables it seems that income, education, and occupation are more important factors that might change health of people. Many of studies carried out to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and health status focused on narrow health indicators that measure a single feature of health status such as morbidity and mortality. In this study we employed a specific instrument of quality of life measurement (LEIPAD) to measure the quality of life of elderly people. It was a cross-sectional study carried out in rural area of Sari the capital city of Mezandaran province. A sample of 130 elderly people over 60 years from both sex were interviewed on their doorsteps randomly. Inferential statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS software package. The quality of life of respondents in overall was better on core scales than moderator scales. Among domains of core scales, physical functioning scale and social functioning scale had better status. Among socioeconomic variables age, marital status, income and literacy had significantly affected the quality of life of elderly people both in terms of core and moderator scales. It is recommended that appropriate intervention needs to assist vulnerable groups particularly elderly people in rural area to improve the quality of their life.

[Rouhani S, Zoleikani P. Socioeconomic status and quality of life in elderly people in rural area of Sari-Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):74-78] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.12

Keywords: Socioeconomic; elderly people; quality of life; rural area

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Study of relationship between institutional ownership and accounting conservatism in accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Jafar Nekounam^*1, Reza Sotudeh², Zahra Kohandel³, Seyed Amin Seyed Mohseni⁴

^*1Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN.

³Department of Accounting, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN.

jf_nekonam64@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the more effective concepts in financial reporting of companies is conservatism, that its influence has longer history in accounting. Accounting trends of conservatism have been prevented managers from opportunistic behavior and excess optimistic in profitability. With regards to importance of accounting conservatism, aim of this study is reviewing relationship between institutional ownership and accounting conservatism in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to do this study, it was selected and examined sample consists of 85 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in 5 years (2007-2011). It was used linear regression model in 95% confidence level by using Excel and SPSS software to test hypothesis and review relationship between institutional ownership (independent variable) and accounting conservatism (dependent variable). Results indicated that there is direct (positive) relationship between institutional ownership level and accounting conservatism and there is reversed (negative) relationship between institutional ownership concentration and accounting conservatism.

 [Nekounam J, Sotudeh R, Kohandel Z, Seyed Mohseni SA. Study of relationship between institutional ownership and accounting conservatism in accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):79-84] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.13

Keywords: accounting conservatism, institutional ownership level, institutional ownership concentration

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Improvement of postharvest vase life and flower bud opening in Polianthes tuberosa using different concentration of Kand Ca

Yavari kondori Afsaneh¹ and Asgharzadeh Ahmad², Hedayat M³, Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi ⁴and Reyhani Maryam⁴

^1,2Deparment of Horticultural science, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, IRAN

³Academic staff of Khalij Fars University

^4,5Deparment of Basic science, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, IRAN

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evalute the effect of fertilization Polianthes tuberosa by K and Ca fertilizers at growing season in postharvest vase life and flower bud opening. Application of both Ca and K followed by continuos sucrose treatment enhanced flower longevity and flower bud opening in cut Polianthes tuberosa L.Related to the Ca and K concentration the resulths were different.Highest amount of Vase life,maximum flowering height,number of floret and shoot weight were observed at the presence of the K300Ca100 but,the lowest amounts of those factors were variable.It is suggested that K300Ca100 aplication treatment at growing season be recommended to growers for extending the Vase life and enhancing flower bud opening in cut P.tuberosa.

[Yavari kondori A, Asgharzadeh A, Hedayat M, Esmailzadeh M, Reyhani M. Improvement of postharvest vase life and flower bud opening in Polianthes tuberosa using different concentration of Kand Ca. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):85-89] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.14

Keyword:Polianthes tuberose,postharvest,vase life,potassium, growing season.

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15

Retribution of Accusation in Jurisprudence and Law

Firoozeh Hazrati* and Sedigheh Mosadegh Sedgh

Department of Theology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

*sahel_mh_2006@yahoo.com

Abstract: Accusation and defamation is one of the mortal sins and the worst lies, since it disturbs reputation of individuals and humiliates their identity and is considered as one of the best examples of ignoring people’s right. From jurisprudence view point, it’s believed that people are pure and without sin, it’s not acceptable to accuse them without obvious reasons only by supposition. In recent years, individual freedom and social mobility have evolved in society; struggle and difference in tastes, viewpoints, and positions of individuals have increased which results in increase of accusation and defamation in society. This article studies the issue, their Jurisprudence and Law basics and their penalties based on law resources. Finally, it shows that accusation and defamation are the crimes that have direct relation with respect and honor of individuals; it will desecrate people. In Islamic penal law and statute book, Haad and Tazir is determined as their punishment according to crime situation.

[Hazrati F and Mosadeg Sedg S. Retribution of Accusation in Jurisprudence and Law. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):90-94] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.15

Key words: accusation, defamation, vilification, Qaza

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Investigation of Managers’ Skills Relation with the one of Iran's Central Headquarters Human Resources Empowerment

Somayeh Jafarzadeh

Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran

s_jafarzade40@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays, due to the importance and role of the Ministry of Agriculture in the country's self-sufficiency and development, skills and competencies of its personnel (including directors and employees) have special importance. The perspective of the research is study the managers’ skills (technical, conceptual, human) relationship with empowering the staff components in the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. The research was performed according to applied research objective, descriptive data collection and multivariate regression. Empowerment components of the study are Significance, Delegating, Trust, Reward systems, Participatory management, Group Formation and performance evaluation. Statistical population of the staff is the Ministry of Agriculture active personnel (2000 people) in year 2011 in which a 234 member sample was selected by random sampling method (Morgan table), and statistical population of the managers includes 320 people, in which a 120 member sample was selected by random sampling method. Data were collected through field and survey methods by means of managers’ skills and employees empowering questionnaires. Significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables using descriptive and inferential statistics (including correlation and multiple regressions) was tested and four significant relationships were confirmed; it was showed that participatory management, reward system, performance evaluating and group formation variables with less than 5% significance level (through Cronbach's alpha) are effective in the Ministry of Agriculture ‘s employees empowerment. Regression analysis shows trust, Delegation of authority variables to estimate managers’ skills are statistically insignificant.

[Jafarzadeh S. Investigation of Managers’ Skills Relation with the one of Iran's Central Headquarters Human Resources Empowerment. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):95-104] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.16

Key words: Empowerment, Employee, Manager Skills, Ministry of Agriculture

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Quality of work Life and Family Functioning In Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University

Mohammad Bakhtazmay Bonab¹, Davood Ebrahimpour², Ali ghorbani³

Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch. Bonab. Iran

Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Tabriz. Iran

Ph.D of Business Management, Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch. Branch. Bonab. Iran

Address: East Azerbaijan: Bonab city, Imam St., Banafsheh St., No. 84 Tohid Street.

Tel. 0098-04127235482

Abstract: Quality of work life is one of the most important issues in human resource management of the organizations that requires special and ever-increasing attention. High quality of life for individuals in organizations can have a positive impact on their family life and provide them with improved social functioning in families. The concept of "quality of work life" is related an important aspect of social responsibility of personnel. This means that what happens in work environment can be extended to non-work environments- most importantly home environment and influence workers' non-work life. This study investigated the relationship between these two variables using survey research method. The population of the study consists of the faculty members of Islamic Azad University area 13 by the use of the systematic random sampling through which 310 subjects were recruited. Results show that there is a significant relation between the views of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Area 13 to their universities' rank and their quality of work life and family functioning. There are significant differences between the four groups of respondents (faculty members in university branches with degrees of small, medium, large, very large, and comprehensive), based on their attitude toward the concept of "quality of work life" was confirmed. A significant difference between the four groups of respondents in terms of their attitude toward "family functioning" was confirmed.

[Mohammad Bakhtazmay Bonab, Davood Ebrahimpour, Ali ghorbani. Quality of work Life and Family Functioning In Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University^. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):105-113] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.17

Keywords: work life, Family Functioning, Faculty Members

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18

The relation between sustainable development and sustainable architecture

Shaghayegh Sharifi¹, Elnaz Behnoud²

1, 2 Department of Architecture, Sardroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardroud, Iran

Abstract: The concept of sustainable development was introduced for the first time in 1970 to address economical social issues in order to protect the environment. In this context, various theories were provided and what is emphasized in this paper is to highlight the sustainable development and the sustainable architecture. Like other sciences, in the field of architecture, world architects have been provided many solutions to create better and more sustainable contexts in order to provide desired life for people. An architect considers activities such as leisure, work and play when designing spaces that these often involve environment. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable architecture. Research methods have done using library, documentation and other researchers’ findings. Studies showed that there is a relationship between sustainable development and sustainable architecture and applying the concept of sustainable architecture is as same as architecture compatibility with the environment and sustainable development.

[Shaghayegh Sharifi, Elnaz Behnoud. The relation between sustainable development and sustainable architecture. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):114-117] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.18

Keywords: sustainable, sustainable development, architecture, sustainable architectu.

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Course of Evolution of Minaret in Iranian Mosques

Sarvnaz Salmanzadeh Ahrabi

Department of Architecture, Sardroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardroud, Iran

Abstract: Minaret has been accepted as a component of the mosque and is known as a part of Islamic-Iranian architecture, but many researchers, have considered a starting point for its formation not from religion, but rather from other applications such as a guide or symbol to represent the tombs. What is certain is that this element has different forms in the history and has been used for different purposes. In this paper, evolution of Finial in the history has been examined in terms of architectural, structural and philosophical aspects. The results showed that this course or process is strongly influenced by three factors. Meanwhile, regarding these changes, this process can be used for the construction of minaret in the contemporary buildings.

[Sarvnaz Salmanzadeh Ahrabi. Course of Evolution of Minaret in Iranian Mosques. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):118-122] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.19

Key words: Minaret, Mosques, Evolution, Temple.

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Is there yet influenza virus A/H1N1 infection in Hamadan, Iran? : A cross-sectional serological study in lower the age of 16

Farnaz Monsef ¹, Rasoul Esmaeili², Fatemeh Eghbalian³, Abolfazl Pourhossein⁴, Omid Khiabanchian⁵, Alireza Monsef^{6 *}

1- Dental student, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

2- Student's Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

3- Department of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

4- Pediatrician, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

5- Department of Parasitology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

6- Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Alireza Monsef. Associated of professor. Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Fax: +98-811-8380208; Tel: +98-918-1111173;E-mail: monsef_ar2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: H1N1 virus is a novel subtype of influenza virus A. Sudden changes in this virus can make different clinical symptoms. So in this study we determine the prevalence of influenza virus A/H1N1 infection in children with the age <16 and clinical symptoms of them in Hamadan in 2010 and association of some laboratory tests with H1N1. Methods: Subjects with H1N1 influenza confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic characteristics, white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein were investigated. Results: Among a total of 180 individuals, H1N1 influenza confirmed in 115 subjects. 37.4% were men and 59.1% were within the 2-8-y age range. Urban residents were 67% and attendance at preschool or school there was in 61% of patients. Cough (88.7%) and fever (78.3%) were the most symptoms. Sore throat (49.6%), myalgia (30.4%), headache (20.9%) and rhinorrhea (17.4%) were in next rankings. There was not a significance association between WBC, CRP and positive H1N1 antibody (P=0.093 and P=0.74). Conclusions: However the prevalence of H1N1 is going to low but there are many cases recorded in cold seasons and children are at risk noticeable. Residence in urban and attendance at preschool or school elevate the disease risk. Cough and fever are the major complaint. Clinical tests such as CBC and CRP do not have great impact for diagnosing disease.

[Farnaz Monsef, Rasoul Esmaeili, Fatemeh Eghbalian, Abolfazl Pourhossein, Omid Khiabanchian, Alireza Monsef. Is there yet influenza virus A/H1N1 infection in Hamadan, Iran? : A cross-sectional serological study in lower the age of 16. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):123-126] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.20

Key Words: Influenza virus A/H1N1; ELISA; White blood cell counts; C-reactive protein.

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The effect of exercise training program on indexes of adiposity in pre and post- menopausal obese women

Rahimeh Mehdizadeh¹, Reza Andam², Ardeshir Zafari³, Sanaz Mirzayan Shangani⁴, Elham Eftekhari⁵, Mandana Gholami⁶

^1,2Assistant professor Shahrood University of Technology, Iran

³ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

⁴ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran.

⁵ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

⁶ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

P.O. Box: 316, Post Code: 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran

Reza Andam (Corresponding author)

Tel:+989113371420; Email: reza.andam@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise training on indexes of overall and central obesity in pre and post-menopausal women. Thirty obese healthy women (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) were chosen. Depending on hormonal status, subjects were divided into two groups: the postmenopausal (PostM; n=20) group and premenopausal (PreM+EX; n=10) group. At the onset of the experiment, postmenopausal women were randomly divided into two subgroups: postmenopausal+ Exercise (PostM+EX; n=10) and postmenopausal+ Sedentary (PostM+SED; n=10). After fasting for at least 12 h, indexes of overall obesity including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF%) and body fat mass (BFM) and central obesity including waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Exercise training program was done for 24 weeks, 3 days a week, 60-75 minutes a day. Result showed that exercise reduced WC, WHR significantly in PostM+EX and PreM+EX groups compared to Post M+SED group (p˂0.01). BF% decreased in both exercise groups compared to PostM+SED group, but it was significant only in Post M+EX (p=0.02). BW, BMI and FM remained unchanged. These results suggest that resistance training decreases central obesity without weight loss in pre and postmenopausal obese women.

[Rahimeh Mehdizadeh, Reza Andam, Ardeshir Zafari, Sanaz Mirzayan Shangani, Elham Eftekhari, Mandana Gholami. The effect of exercise training program on indexes of adiposity in pre and post- menopausal obese women. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):127-131] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.21

Key words: Central obesity, overall obesity, Basal metabolic rate, resistance training

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The study of physical and psychological complaints and their related factors in computer users of an oil company in Abadan

Arghavan Afra^*1, Heidar Ali Abedi², ArashGhodousi³, Sakineh Farhadi⁴, Hamid Hojjati ⁵

1. Master of Nursing, Abadan faculty of medical sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Arghavan_afra@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author)

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. drabadiedu@yahoo.com

3. Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

4. Master of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

5. PhD Candidate of Nursing. Young Researchers Club, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, iran. H_hojjati1362@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Nowadays computers have become an integral part of life and its use for practitioners has created new risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical and psychological complaints of computer users of an oil company in Abadan. Methodology: 199 computer users were selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaires and they were analyzed through SPSS 19 software and descriptive statistics methods. Findings: The most common eye complaints include blurred vision, vertigo when viewing the monitor, tearing when working with computers, eye irritation, dryness in eye and ophthalmic pain. The most frequent psychosocial complaints include, headache after using computer, failure to reduce the use of computer, sleep disorders resulting from using computer. The most common musculoskeletal complaints respectively include pain in shoulder, arm, wrist, neck, knee, fingers and waist. 51.3% of employees were working in unsuitable condition and 48.7% were working in suitable circumstances. Results: the results of this research indicate high rates of complications faced by computer users and the effects of non-ergonomic factors of the environment on the incidence of complaints and necessity of improving ergonomic workplaces.

[Afra A, Abedi HA, Ghodousi A, Farhadi S, Hojjati H. The study of physical and psychological complaints and their related factors in computer users of an oil company in Abadan. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):132-138] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.22

Keywords: computer, ergonomics, ophthalmic symptoms, psychosocial symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Internet and computer crimes

¹Ramin Delkhoun Asl, ²Saeed Delkhoun Asl

1. Faculty of Human Sciences, Payam-e Noor University of Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran

2. Faculty of Human Sciences, Ardabil Town Hall and Village assistance university of Applied and Technology, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract: The computer crimes are those crimes originating from the modern technological issues and considered as artificial events having their own features. The features such as fast and easy commit crime, the lack of physical appearance in committing a crime, hyper-territory and motivation of a crime and achieving it in an intangible setting are being considered its real features of the modern technology in this regard. Hence, computers are suitable cases for committing crimes as well; in the other hand, with development of computer technology, fighting challenges have been complicated against them; in the field of international law and regulation affairs also these have been newly called for urgently; substituting the law issues have made judiciary officials with too much problems; along with computer, the internet and the third generation (cyber space) have been added to these problems making many problematic issues in this consideration.

[Ramin Delkhoun Asl, Saeed Delkhoun Asl. Internet and computer crimes. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):139-143] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.23

Key words: computer system, communication system, information system, service provider.

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Educational Challenges of Sustainable Architecture in Higher Education System of Iran

Mir Saeed Moosavi ¹, Vida Shoarian Sattari ²

¹Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

msmoosavi@iaut.ac.ir

²Department of Architecture, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

v.shoar@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is no doubt that during a building’s construction and existence, it affects all aspects of local and global environments via a series of interconnected human activities. Therefore, architecture is one of the most conspicuous forms of activities related to the idea of sustainability and shall be able to follow the same patterns of other aspects of sustainable development necessitating a new approach to architecture entitled sustainable architecture. To achieve sustainable architecture as a profession, it is important that the educational organizations try to provide a source of inspiration for the development of innovative learning techniques and processes. At this regard, universities are expected to contribute to establishment, development and reflection of values and ethics in educational framework of sustainable architecture in order to contribute to the transformation to a more sustainable society. In this paper, the intention is to research and discuss different aspects of sustainability in education with respect to how to integrate sustainability in curricula in higher education, especially for education of architecture in higher education system of Iran.

[Mir Saeed Moosavi, Vida Shoarian Sattari. Educational Challenges of Sustainable Architecture in Higher Education System of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):144-149] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.24

Keywords: Architecture, Education, Sustainability.

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The effect of Q10 coenzyme supplement on Frap changes and HCT, WBC in male climbers’ serum

¹Morteza Moghimi Oskouei, ¹Sürhat Münıroğlu, ¹Çengiz Akalan, ¹Veli Volkan Gürses, ²Mir Hamid Salehian

1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

2. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: The aim of this research was to study the effect of Q10 coenzyme supplement on Frap changes and HCT, Wbc changes in male climbers’ serum. So twenty four experienced male climbers were selected randomly and divided into 2 experimental and control group. Before climbing, they consumed Q10 supplement and Placebo for two weeks. Their blood samples were analyzed in 4 different altitudes; 1500m, 2800m, 4300m and 5671m during climbing to Damavand summit. The results were considered by special kits of laboratory and auto-analyzer machine. Data were analyzed by F Test. The relation among Q10 supplement on Frap changes and HCT, Wbc was not meaningful, but altitude effects and its changes on HCT, Wbc got a meaningful relation in both groups.

[Morteza Moghimi Oskouei, Sürhat Münıroğlu, Çengiz Akalan, Veli Volkan Gürses,Mir Hamid Salehian. The effect of Q10 coenzyme supplement on Frap changes and HCT, WBC in male climbers’ serum. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):150-154] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.25

Key words: coenzyme of Q10, Frap changes, HCT, WBC

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Effect of smokeless tobacco on oral cancer: A case-control study

Asghar Razmara ¹, Abdoul Hossain Madani ¹* and Farideh Daneshnia ²

^1. Department of Public Health, Research Center for Social Determinants in Health Promotion, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

^2. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, University of Applied Science and Technology, Bandar Abbas, Iran

amadani@hums.ac.ir

Abstract: Oral cancer is one of the most common life threatening diseases in Asian countries. Smoking, smokeless tobacco and alcohol are considered to be the most potent risk factor for oral cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the association of smokeless tobacco with oral cancer. A case-control study of 350 cases and 350 controls over a period of 19 months during February 2005 and September 2006 was carried out in Pune, India. The self-reported information about the consumption of smokeless tobacco, alcohol, dietary habits and demographic status was collected by structured questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify the risk of substances abuse. The frequency of smokeless tobacco in cases were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.0001). Among smokeless types, consumption of gutkha (P < 0.0001, OR = 12.8, 95% CI =7.0-23.7), chewing tobacco (P < 0.0001, OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 5.4-13.0), supari (P < 0.0001, OR = 6.6, 95% CI =3.0-14.8), mishiri (P < 0.0001, OR = 3.3, 95% CI =2.1-5.4), indicated strong association with oral cancer upon adjustment. Smokeless products were more frequent than smoking among individuals with oral cancer. Of smokeless type; gutkha, supar, i chewing tobacco and mishiri emerged significant in oral cancer development.

[Razmara A, Madani AH and Daneshnia F. Effect of smokeless tobacco on oral cancer: A case-control study. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):155-159] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.26

Key words: Oral Cancer; Smokeless Tobacco; Case-Control Study.

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Effect of dietary habits in combination with alcohol and tobacco on oral cancer: A case-control study

Asghar Razmara¹, Abdoul Hossain Madani¹* and Farideh Daneshnia²

¹ Department of Public Health, Research Center for Social Determinants in Health Promotion, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

² Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, University of Applied Science and Technology, Bandar Abbas, Iran

amadani@hums.ac.ir

Abstract: One of the problems that considered as risk factors for oral cancer is use of alcohol and tobacco. Present study explores effects of dietary habits in combination with alcohol and tobacco on oral cancer. For this, a case-control study was conducted at Pune, Morbai Naraindas Budhrani Cancer Institute within 19 months from February, 2005 to September, 2006. Study sample were 700 age-gender grouping matched subjects including 350 cases and 350 controls were selected using simple random sampling. The significance of difference between the proportions of qualitative characteristics is tested using Chi-square test of independence of attributes. The quantitative risk assessment was done by calculating the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results indicated that smoking, drinking and non-vegetarian intakes appear to have interaction effects on developing oral cancer.

[Razmara A, Madani AH and Daneshnia F. Effect of dietary habits in combination with alcohol and tobacco on oral cancer: A case-control study. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):160-163] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.27

Key words: Alcohol; Tobacco; Oral Cancer; Dietary Habits.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Amol, Northern Iran

Abolghasem Siyadat Panah¹, Mehrdad assadi^2*, Katayoun Bahman Soufiani³, Gholamreza Barzegar⁴, Aliasghar Gharachorlou⁵, Amir Emami Zeydi⁶

^1- MSc. Faculty of Paramedical of Amol, Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

^2- Ph.D Student of Medical Mycology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^3- MSc, Instructor in Immunology, Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^4- MSc, Department of Parasitology, 29 Bahman Hospital Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran

^5- Ph.D of Mycology, Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^6- Ph.D student in Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

*Corresponding author: MehrdadAssadi, Email: mehrdad.assadi@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Congenital transmission may occur when a pregnant mother acquires T.gondii infection for the first time in her life during pregnancy. Detection of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG is essential for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the Toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women in Amol, Northern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1057 blood samples were collected from pregnant women. Sera were separated by blood centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min and frozen at -20 °C until use. The samples were tested for IgG and IgM antibody by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were positive in 739/1057 cases (69.91%) and 57/1057 cases (5.39%), respectively. The peak age for acquisition ofthe infection inPregnant females was 26-30 years old. Conclusion: About Morethan half of the married women in the present study were at risk of infection with T.gondii, so preventive method should be considered.

 [Abolghasem Siyadat Panah, Mehrdad assadi, Katayoun Bahman Soufiani, Gholamreza Barzegar, Aliasghar Gharachorlou. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Amol, Northern Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):164-168] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.28

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, pregnant women, Seroprevalence, ELISA, IgG antibodies, IgM antibodies, mol, Iran.

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Kurd Students’ Future Education Orientation: Associations with Self-esteem, and Ethnic Identity

Armindokht Ahmadi^1*, Soghra Yousefi², Seyd Mehdi Hoseinifard³, Salva Shamseddinilory⁴, maryam shahryari, Fatemeh Torfi⁶

^1. M.Sc. in Department of Psychometry, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^2,4,6. M.Sc. in Department of Counseling, Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

^3. Assistance Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran

^5. M.Sc. Student in Department of General Psychology, Zarand branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarand, Iran

 ^*Corresponding author: armindokhta@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation between self- reverence, ethnic identity and future education orientation in Kurd students of Kurdistan University. 308 subjects (165 male and 143 female) among students of different faculties of Kurdistan University have been selected by multiple process sampling. For data collection, future orientation questionnaire of Seginer, Nurmi and Pool (1999), self-esteem measure of Rosenberg (1985) and multiple ethnic identity measure (MEIM) of Phinney (1992) had been used. The findings of study indicate that self-esteem have a positive meaningful relation with future education orientation and ethnic identity. Furthermore, there is a positive meaningful relation between ethnic identity and future education orientation. The variables of self-esteem and ethnic identity have been introduced to step-by-step regression analysis for determining their share in predicting future education orientation and the results obtained from step-by-step regression showed that it is just self-esteem which has the ability to predict future education orientation. [A. Ahmadi, S. Yousefi, S. M. Hoseinifard, S. Shamseddinilory, M. Shahryari, F. Torfi. Kurd Students’ Future Education Orientation: Associations with Self-esteem, and Ethnic Identity. Life Sci J 20132; 10(2s):169-174] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.29

Keywords: elf-esteem, ethnic identity, future education orientation, Kurd, Kurdistan University.

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OFDM Channel Estimation Based on the FFT Processing and Linear Interpolation

Hamidreza Rabiee¹, Javad Haddadnia^2*, Omid Rahmani Seryasat³,

^1, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

^2. Associate Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University & Center for Research of Advanced Medical Technologies, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^3, Department of Electrical and Industrial Engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

^*Corresponding author: Haddadnia@sttu.ac.ir

Abstract. In this paper, a new training-based channel estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed in fast fading channels. This method is based on the FFT processing and linear interpolation. In the first step, channel response is calculated at pilot subcarriers by least square (LS) method. Then whole channel frequency response (CFR) is achieved by linear interpolation. In the next step, channel impulse response (CIR) is obtained by getting inverse Fourier transform of CFR. studying of CIR shows the most of energy concentrated into a few of taps. By zeroing other taps, effect of noise on channel is reduced, and then data is detected. Computer simulation show that proposed method improved performance compared to conventional estimation methods.

[Hamidreza Rabiee, Javad Haddadnia, Omid Rahmani Seryasat. OFDM Channel Estimation Based on the FFT Processing and Linear Interpolation. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):175-180] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.30

Keywords: Channel Estimation, OFDM, Linear Interpolation, FFT, IFFT.

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Effect of bismuth on improvement of Faraday Effect in YFeO3 Thin Films Grown by PLD

A.Beiranvand^1*, S. M. Hamidi², Z.Abooalizadeh³, M. Mozaffari¹, J. Amighian¹, M. M. Tehranchi² and A. Yousif⁴

^1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

^2. Magneto-Optic Institution, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

^3.Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Takestan, Iran.

^4.Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University,P.O. Bax 36, PC123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

^*Corresponding author: beyranvand_a@yahoo.com

Abstract: Thin magnetic films have been prepared by pulsed-laser deposition from targets of the orthoferrites: Y_1-xBi_xFeO₃ (x=0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2). The targets created by sol-gel method and characterized via X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope. All layers were deposited onto quartz substrates in a vacuum chamber evacuated down to 4×10^-5 mbar and the oxygen ambient gas pressure was 150mbar. After deposition, films were recrystallized with annealing procedure at 600 °C for 40 minutes. The magnetic behavior of the thin films was investigated using Faraday rotation measurement setup under a DC magnetic field. The results show that Faraday rotation angle increases as Bi content increases. [A. Beiranvand, S. M. Hamidi, Z. Abooalizadeh, M. Mozaffari, J. Amighian,M. M. Tehranchi and A. Yousif. Effect of bismuth on improvement of Faraday Effect in YFeO3 Thin Films Grown by PLD. Life Sci J 2013; 10(2s):181-184] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.31

Keywords: sol-gel; pulsed-laser deposition; orthoferrite; Faraday rotation.

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The relationship between hardiness and exam anxiety in students

Javad Khalatbari¹, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi², Mostafa Akhshabi³

¹Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

²Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

³Department of Management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

Abstract: The main objective of the present paper is to examine the relationship between hardiness and exam anxiety in high school students. The population consisted of 100 male students of Sadra private high school of Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab city who were selected by random sampling and filled religious orientation questionnaire of Alport and Ross (1962), questionnaire of demographics, hardiness questionnaire of Polty, Bartenon, Robert, Youground, Kathleen, Gary and Ingram (1989), and Spilberger's questionnaire of exam anxiety (1980). Results of correlation test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between hardiness components (commitment, control, challenge and the overall hardiness) and exam anxiety. This means that an increase in students' hardiness decreases their exam anxiety. Correlation analysis results also indicated a positive and significant relationship between hardiness components and educational performance. This means that and increase in students' hardiness enhances their educational performance (p < 0.05).

[Javad Khalatbari, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Mostafa Akhshabi. The relationship between hardiness and exam anxiety in students. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):185-188] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.32

Keywords: hardiness, exam anxiety,students.

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Investigating the Relation between the Industry and the Technical Schools Curriculum for the Wood Industry Major in Iran

Azarchehr Sehat^1*, Amir Nazari²

¹* Chief Manager of Vocational and Technical University’s Document and Publication Center

² MSc. Student at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

*a.sehat@tvu.ac.ir

Abstract: The present study investigates the relation between industry and technical schools regarding curriculum writing for wood industry major in Iran. Therefore, it mainly discusses this question: What is the relation between industry and technical schools regarding curriculum writing for wood industry major and how can it be improved? Questionnaires and interviews were used as the tools of collecting related data. Participants of the study were composed of two groups, first trainees, students, and principals of the technical schools practicing wood industry major, and second the owners of the wood industry including the union of home/office furniture export and the union of carpenters and furniture makers. After data were collected and analyzed, results showed that all the four participating groups believed that there was a weak (or limited) relation between the curriculum of the wood industry major and the needs of the wood industry. In other words, industry owners’ opinions and needs have not yet been considered in curriculum writing for wood industry major. Based on the findings of the study, suggestions have been provided in order to enhance the relation between schools and industry for the target major. These suggestions can be applied so as to make required modifications and changes in curriculum writing in subordinate fields of study. The results of the study show that the mean score of the respondents’ views according to the Likert Scale (1 - 4) is 2.45 for trainees, 1.83 for the managers of the factories, 2.77 for the principals of the technical schools, and 2.68 for the students. Therefore, according to the owners of the companies, there is the least relation between the curriculum of the wood industry major and the industry which clarifies the fact that opinions of the industry owners have not yet been considered in material writing for the major of wood industry or there has been a very limited conversation between the material writers and them. Compared to the other participants of the study, the highest score is claimed by the school principals who have stated that the relation between curriculum and industry is high. The mean score of the students and trainees’ opinions also shows a low degree of relation between the industry and the curriculum.

[Azarchehr Sehat, Amir Nazari. Investigating the Relation between the Industry and the Technical Schools Curriculum for the Wood Industry Major in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):189-199] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.33

Keywords: wood industry major, wood and furniture industry, technical school, vocational and technical training, curriculum, relation between curriculum and industry.

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Researching the positive and negative emotion and optimism with enduring in the scholar.

Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi¹, Javad Khalatbari², Mostafa Akhshabi³

¹Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

²Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

³Department of Management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

Abstract: This studies focusing on positive and negative emotion and optimism in pridect endure in the scholar of this studies based on alliance. The static of this research is the scholar of tonekabon university that experience the accident during few years ago. From the society we sudden: l) Questionnaire list of accident in life. 2) Questionnaire of positive and negative emotion (PANAS). 3) Tendency of life (LOT-R). 4) Caner and David son scale (CD-Risc). The result in this research, analysis with soft ware spss 18, and regration simultaneously. At the end we found that positive and negitive emotion and optimism with enduring have relationship and can do change. We do not found any relation between sexual and marrid with enduring.

[Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Javad Khalatbari, Mostafa Akhshabi. Researching the positive and negative emotion and optimism with enduring in the scholar. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):200-202] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.34

Key words: enduring, positive emotion, negative emotion, optimism.

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The relationship between identity components and hardiness among university students

Mostafa Akhshabi ¹, Javad Khalatbari¹, Hasan Givarian², Mohammad Salehi³

¹Department of Management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

²Department of Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³Department of Educational Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Abstract: The main objective of the present paper is to determine the relationship between components of identity and hardiness among students of Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah. The research sample was composed of 50 students selected randomly from male and female student of the university. The Polty and Barton (1989) questionnaire and Adams and Bunion's identity questionnaire were used as main data gathering tools. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between identity components and hardiness of students (p < 0.001). Besides, results of correlation analysis demonstrated that a significant relationship exists between identity components and hardiness.

[Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Javad Khalatbari, Mostafa Akhshabi, The relationship between identity components and hardiness among university students. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):203-205] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.35

Keywords: identity, hardiness.

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Quarreling effect on educational performance of the guidance level girls of Savadkuh city at educational year 2010

Ehteram ghasemabadi¹, Javad Khalatbari², Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi¹

¹Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

²Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

Abstract: the main purpose of this study is Quarreling effect on educational performance of the guidance level girls of Savadkuh city. Sampling method is 40, that 40 person for Quarreling group and 40 person for unquarreling group were selected and descriptive and inferring data had been used for analyze of data and used test for confirm or reject is independent. T hypothesis and findings show that evaluated. T is less than chart’s T and therefore hypothesis zero is confirmed and reveal that quarreling cannot effect educational performance of students very much.

[Ehteram ghasemabadi, Javad Khalatbari, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi, Quarreling effect on educational performance of the guidance level girls of Savadkuh city at educational year 8. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):206-208] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.36

Keywords: Quarreling, educational, performance, selfsteem.

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Growth of BSE Listed Automobile Sector in India

C. Gopalakrishnan¹, Dr.Rajeswarikrishnan², Dr.S.Ayyappan³

¹Research Scholar (PhD in Management), Anna University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ems167@gmail.com Ph: (0)99656 58141.

²Principal, Sree Narayana Guru Institute of Management Studies, K.G. Chavadi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Contact Number: (0)94436 51978.

³Associate Professor – MBA, Sakthi Institute of Information and Management Studies, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India, Email id: sapacet@gmail.com, Contact Number: (0)99422 20699

Abstract: This study investigates the growth and profitability position of BSE listed automobile sector in India using the Prowess corporate databases developed by CMIE (Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy) and CLP (Capital Line Plus) data from 2001-02 to 20011-12 with reference to two and Three Wheeler Companies, and employ the findings to estimate the growth and the financial performance by using Regression analysis, Analysis of Variance and Linear Growth Model. The growth is estimated by using seven variables such as Net sales, Total Income, Expenses, Raw Material usage, Working Capital, Operating Profit and Net Profit. The sampling technique adopted for this study is Proportionate Sampling. The study selected Seven companies listed in BSE with the Net Sales of 100 crore and above as sample. The selected variables have both positive and negative contribution in variation of profit rate. Therefore, we conclude that the automobile companies led to strong demand due to signs of revival in economy and increasing trend in hiring especially Organizations decisions will describe how the companies are placed within the industry and how they track new opportunities and innovations; ups and downs in growing markets, universal economic trends, and varying customer demand will confront companies to react in novel ways.

[C. Gopalakrishnan,.Rajeswarikrishnan,.S.Ayyappan. Growth of BSE Listed Automobile Sector in India. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):209-218] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.37

Keywords: Automobile; Variables; Profitability; Growth; Two and Three Wheeler.

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Investigate submerged breakwater effect in reducing the force on the seawall facing with sea random waves using SACS software

RaminVafaei Pour Sorkhabi¹, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi^2*

^1. Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2. BA student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding author: Ghiasi_Omid1367@yahoo.com

Tell: 09362997953

Abstract: One of the most important loads on seawall is the load result of stormy sea waves. Water free level in this case is random and functions of time; therefore it can be represented as time series or spectrum. During contact with random waves, the pressure on the walls was as time series and random, therefore internal forces created in the walls such as bending moment or shear force have irregular distribution. In this regard, use submerged breakwater in front of seawall plays important role in significant reduction of bending moment or shear force. The results show that when the wall is subjected to random waves use submerged breakwater in front of seawall cause reduction about 42% in bending moment. The same condition about basic shear force cause reduction 35%. Therefore in wave dynamic response analysis was used SACS software.

[Ramin Vafaei Pour Sorkhabi, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi. Investigate submerged breakwater effect in reducing the force on the seawall facing with sea random waves using SACS software. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):219-225] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.38

Keywords: sea wall, random waves, waves dynamic response analysis, submerged breakwaters, SACS software.

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Pharmaceutical Economics

Azita Nabi Zadeh

Rainy.girl56@yahoo.com

Abstract: Canada and the European Commission conducted a joint study in 2008 on the economic impacts of the agreement's proposed reductions in trade barriers between Canada and the EU, finding substantial annual gains to both economies (European Commission & Canada, 2008). However, that study did not address CETA‟s pharmaceutical IP provisions. The present analysis addresses this gap. Pharmaceutical costs are a pressing issue in Canada. Healthcare costs are rising as Canada’s population ages, and pharmaceuticals comprise a significant and growing percentage of these costs. A recent report indicates that the drug sector will be the second largest component of Canadian healthcare spending in 2010 – ahead of physicians – at more than $31 billion. (All dollar values in this paper are in Canadian currency.) Sales of patented drugs were approximately $13 billion in 2009. Canadian public drug plans have been at the forefront of efforts to control drug spending, with the creation of the Common Drug Review, with the use of special reimbursement mechanisms such as reference pricing, and with various efforts to control prescribing volume. Most recently, several provinces have set lower regulated or negotiated prices for generic drugs, leading to system-wide generic price reductions of as much as 50 percent (in the case of Ontario and Quebec), yielding annual savings in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Specific consideration of the impact of the agreement’s intellectual property provisions on the pharmaceutical market is therefore warranted.

[Azita Nabi Zadeh. Pharmaceutical Economics. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):226-229] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.39

Keywords: Pharmaceutical; Economics; CETA Negotiations.

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Satureja Khozestanica essential oil (SKEO) inhibits iNOS gene expression in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774A.1 macrophage cell line

Jalalvand M¹, Shahsavari R², Sheikhian A³, Mosayebi G^1*

^1. Department of Immunology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

^2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

Corresponding author: gmosayebi@yahoo.com, or ghasemmosayebi@arakmu.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Satureja Khozestanica is a medicinal herb indigenous to Iran which grows mainly in Lorestan and Khuzestan Provinces. The main component of this herb is a monoterpene named Carvacrol. Previous studies have shown that this herb has anti-inflammatory properties, so we aimed to investigate the effect of its essential oil (SKEO) and Carvacrol on iNOS gene expression in LPS-stimulated J774A.1macrophage cell line. Materials and Methods: Essential oil was prepared from fresh aerial parts of the plant. The effect of different doses of SKEO and Carvacrol (0.004%, 0.008%, and 0.016%) on iNOS gene expression in normal and LPS-stimulated macrophage cell line was assessed by RT-PCR method. Results: Both substances reduced the expression of iNOS gene in LPS-stimulated macrophage cell line in a dose and time-dependent manner, but SKEO was more potent than Carvacrol. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory property of Satureja khozestanica may be due to its effect on iNOS gene expression and reduction of NO as one of the mediator of inflammation.

[Jalalvand M, Shahsavari R, Sheikhian A, Mosayebi G. Satureja Khozestanica essential oil (SKEO) inhibits iNOS gene expression in Lipopolysaccharide stimulated J774A.1 macrophage cell line. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):230-235] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.40

Keywords: Satureja khozestanica, Essential oil, Carvacrol, Inflammation, iNOS.

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The “Habit of God” theory and Mowlavi’s Viewpoint on it

Dr. Dehghan Ali^1*, Tehranchi Mehdi²

Department of Persian Literature, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

Corresponding author: aaadehghan@gmail.com

Abstract: The “Habit of God” theory is known to be one of the most significant subjects in rhetoric which has drawn the theorists’ attention more particularly the Asharians. The eminent Ashari Ulema including Imam Mohammad-e Qazzali, Baqlani, Alaoddin-e Tousi, Azadoddin-e Iji and Aamadi intended to present this view rational and canonical. The philosophy underlying the origin of this view is that the rhetoric Ashari disciples expressed vehement opposition against a self-evident philosophical doctrine called “Causal License”, and they spared no effort to annihilate this philosophical doctrine by inventing an alternative one, since the majority of Ashari Dialectical Theology were anti-philosophy and had a strong aversion to its basis. The primary reason for their opposition is that the Asharians negate the causality and effect system fundamentally. For they believe that accepting this system is contrary to the power of the Almighty, and that all causes and effects, and events are under the absolute supremacy of the Omnipotent power of the Almighty. Following the ancient Asharians, Mowlavi-e Balqi-e Roumi has emphatically propounded this term in his Masnavi. This article is an attempt to study this very viewpoint of Mowlavi.

[Dehghan Ali, Tehranchi Mehdi. The “Habit of God” theory and Mowlavi’s Viewpoint on it. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):236-239] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.41

Keywords: The “Habit of God”, the Asharians, Dialectical Theology, Gnosticism, Mowlavi.

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Use of the index of orthodontic treatment need in a school population of Zahedan

Shahri Fariba (DDS, MS)¹, Risbaf Sirous (DDS, MS)^2*

¹Orthodontic department of Zahedan dental school, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
^*2Oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Zahedan dental school, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

*Corresponding author: _s_risbaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: IOTN Index has been used in different countries for assessment of orthodontic treatment need in recent years. This index has 2 components, an Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC). Objective: The aim of this study is determining orthodontic treatment need based on IOTN in 11-14 years old students in zahedan (2010-2011). Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical discreptive study. It was undertaken among 11-14 years old zahedanian schoolchildren. The method of sampling was cluster sampling..In total, 395 students (198 boys and 197 girls) randomly selected from schools in zahedan. The examination were done with disposable dentistry mirrors and measurements were done with disposable rulers, and photographs were taken with digital camera statistical analysis For comparison result between girls and boys we used chi-square test. Result: The results for DHC of IOTN were: 46/6% of population showed little or no need for treatment, 17% were in borderline category and 36/5% had a severe or very severe need for treatment. In evaluating AC, 77/2% of children was in no need or little need, 16/2% in moderate need and 6/6% in severe or very severe need to treatment group. The results for ACE were: 63/9% no need and little need, 27/8% moderate need and 8/3% severe or very severe need. There was no significant statistical difference between girls and boys. But there was significant statistical difference between AC and AC E)p=0.0001), AC and DHC (p=0.016), ACE and DHC (p=0.0002). Conclusion: Evaluation of this index in zahedan show that most of people are in no need or little need group of orthodontic treatment.

[Shahri F, Risbaf S, Use of the index of orthodontic treatment need in a school population of Zahedan. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):240-244] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.42

Key word: AC, ACE, DHC

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Stress Analysis in the Periodontium of the Maxillary Canine in Translatory Movement with a Three

Dimensional Finite Element Method

Shahri Fariba (DDS, MS)¹, Risbaf Sirous (DDS, MS)^2*, Tabatabaee Somayyeh (DDS, MS)³

¹Orthodontic department of Zahedan dental school, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

²Oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Zahedan dental school, Zahedan University of Medical

Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

³Operative department of Zahedan dental school, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

*Corresponding author: s_risbaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to simulate the stress distribution in the periodontium of the maxillary right canine during translatory movement and determination of optimum the moment to force ratio (M/F)for bodily movement by the three dimensional finite element method (FEM). The assumption in this study was that materials behaves linearly elastically. The three dimensional finite element model of canine was constructed on the basis of Wheeler's average of anatomy and morphology and consisted of 89402 element and 101872 nodes. The model was designed to dissect the periodontal. ligament, pulp, dentin, cortical and cancellous bone separately Various distal crown moments were applied with a constant 1 newtone distal force at the center of the labial crown surface of canine to determine the optimum M/F ratio for bodily movement of canine. The pattern and magnitude of stresses in root, PDL and alveolar bone were showed: The optimum M/F ratio for bodily movement was 10/8.7. During bodily movement, the stresses were either tensile or compressive at mesial or distal levels, although stresses varied from cervical to apex. High stress concentration area was observed at the cervical levels not at the apex. The maximum stresses were at the cervical and centre of periodontium and minimum stresses were at apical level. This findings differs from previous studies that have described uniform stress for translation. This difference is arised from the shape of our model which is not uniform. The findings would suggest that even with perfect orthodontic appliances it would be difficult to obtain canine pure bodily movement. It is suggested that the force magnitude which is used should be less than one newtone to decrease stresses and high stress concentration points.

[Sirous Risbaf Fakour, Fariba Shahri. Stress Analysis in the Periodontium of the Maxillary Canine in Translatory Movement with a Three Dimensional Finite Element Method. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):245-250] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.43

Key word: Stress Analysis, Canine retraction, Bodily or Translator Movement, Finite Element Method (FEM), Orthodontic Forces

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The analysis of ecotourism potential in Boujagh wetland with AHP method

Bahman Ramezani Gourabi ¹, Tayabeh Ghaeme Rad ²

¹Associate Prof. in Geography Dept., Rasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran,

² M.A of Geography and Tourism Planning, Rasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

bahman@iaurasht.ac.ir

Abstract: Analysis of ecotourism potential can be the first step in identifying the potentials and limitations for the usage of deliberate and rational planning and tourism development of opportunities to create good atmosphere and one of the best ways for preventing the destruction of natural environments and helping their conservation. Boujagh wetlands which is located in Guilan and in the estuaries of Sefidrud, due to it’s impressive variety of birds, beautiful landscapes, desirable climate, proximity to population centers and convenient access is hosted too many tourists annually. The research aims to identify opportunities and ecotourism potentials of Boujagh using AHP for the development of widespread and centralized tourism and helping to preserve the environment. Method based on hybrid methods, descriptive and analytical –and the AHP model. The results show that due to the preference criteria in the development of centralized ecotourism, 713/58 hectares of area equal to approximately 21% have desired power, 237/38 hectares, equivalent to approximately 7 percent have average power, and 2329 hectares, equivalent to approximately 67 percent have unfavorable power for development of centralized ecotourism. whole area according to the studying index has usability for widespread ecotourism.

[Bahman Ramezani Gourabi, Tayabeh Ghaeme Rad. The analysis of ecotourism potential in Boujagh wetland with AHP method. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):251-258] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.44

Key word: Ecotourism, Geographical information system (GIS), Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP, Boujagh wetlands

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Studying the relationship between operational auditing and improving the budget's performance in Insurance Company in Tabriz

Khosro Sader Haghighi¹, Seyed Majid Homayun^2*

¹Ph.D. Department of management, bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

²M.A. Department of management, bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

majidhomayun@yahoo.com *

Abstract: The budget reflects the total financial policies of a government to achieve the national goals. The budget will be effective when it is administered appropriately and in this case the government and its administrative foundations will succeed to realize the goals. Regarding the role of operational auditing it is expected that by operational auditing the control over the performances of the governmental organizations will increase. Thus, in this research we will study the relationship between operational auditing and improving the budget's performance in Insurance Company in Tabriz. To collect the data used in this research, we have presented some questionnaires to the staffs and financial managers as a whole. The results of the research hypotheses' tests showed that operational auditing will result in administering the approved budget according to the budget rules, the receipt of the absolute amounts of the incomes, the absorption of the expected expenses and the appropriateness of expenses' absorption in proper places.

[Khosro Sader Haghighi, Seyed Majid Homayun. Studying the relationship between operational auditing and improving the budget's performance in Insurance Company in Tabriz. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):259-264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.45

Key word: operationalauditing, budget performance, insurance company of Tabriz

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Relationship between Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Quality of Life (QOL) in the Adolescents

Nour Mohammad Bakhshani¹, Zahra Aghashahi²*, KobraLashkari Pour³, MinooYaghmaei³

¹Research Center for Children and Adolescents^' Health- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

²*Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

³Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

*Corresponding Author : Z_aghashahi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Premenstrual syndrome is a common condition in women and includes a range of emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms triggered by the menstrual cycle and it can have different effects on quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Premenstrual Symptoms and quality of life among adolescents of Iranian high school students. This study conducted on 157 adolescents of high school students at Zahedan (Iran) in 2012. The participants were recruited through Cluster sampling method. In order to examine Premenstrual Symptoms we used PMS questionnaire and for assessing quality of life BREF- WHOQOL questionnaire was used. The findings of current study showed a significant negative correlation between premenstrual symptoms and quality of life. We, also, found significant negative correlation between psychological Premenstrual Symptoms (r=, p=0/032) and physical symptoms (r=, p=0/0001) with quality of life among adolescents. Because there was negative correlation between a premenstrual symptoms and quality of life among adolescents, we suggest systematic and well-designed programs for prevention and treatment of PMS. [Nour Mohammad Bakhshani, Zahra Aghashahi, KobraLashkari Pour, MinooYaghmaei. Relationship between Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Quality of Life (QOL) in the Adolescents. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):265-268] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.46

Keywords: Premenstrual Symptoms, quality of life and adolescents

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The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction with Sexual Satisfaction of Couples

Askari Asghari Ganji¹*, Kamo Vardanyan², Drshokouh Navabinezhad³

¹Education University, Babol Iran

²Faculty Member, Kharrazmi University, Tehran Iran

³ Faculty Member, kharrazmi University, Tehran, Iran

*asghariganji@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of the present research is to examine the relationship between locus of control and marital satisfaction with sexual satisfaction of couples. The method of this research is descriptive one and of correlation kind. Statistical population includes the married students of education University of Babol. Research sample includes 100 couples who were selected by multi-step clustered sampling method. Research tools include: The level of perceived sexual satisfaction was measured by Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (GRISS) and a Demographic Information Form. For data analyzed additionally, correlation among the variables two independent hierarchical multiple regression analyses were the procedure of choice so as to determine relationships among predictor variables and criterion variable. The findings showed that Locus of control and marital satisfaction these variables differentiated the groups on the sexual satisfaction. Locus of control, marital satisfaction, intercourse frequency and orgasm frequency significantly predicted the sexual satisfaction.

[Askari Asghari Ganji, Kamo Vardanyan, Drshokouh Navabinezhad. The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction with Sexual Satisfaction of Couples. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):269-276] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.47

Keyword: Locus of control, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, of the couples

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The Relationship between Locus of Control and Job Teachers Satisfaction

Askari Asghari Ganji¹*, Kamo Vardanyan², Drshokouh Navabinezhad³

¹Education University, Babol Iran

²Faculty Member, Kharrazmi University, Tehran Iran

³ Faculty Member, kharrazmi University, Tehran, Iran

*asghariganji@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of the present research is to examine the relationship between locus of control and job teachers satisfaction. The method of this research is descriptive one and of correlation kind. A sample of 200 teachers was selected from of city Babol in, Iran. The tools used were locus of control scale and job satisfaction scale. For data analyzed the different statistical techniques like Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation, Mean, Standard error of difference between means and T- test were used for the study. The findings showed that, there is a significant relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction of teachers. Also, there is a significant difference between the female teachers with high job satisfaction and male teachers with low job satisfaction in locus of control. The present study did not find a significant difference between the male teachers with low job satisfaction and female teachers with low job satisfaction in locus of control.

[Askari Asghari Ganji, Kamo Vardanyan, Drshokouh Navabinezhad. The Relationship between Locus of Control and Job Teachers Satisfaction. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):277-284] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.48

Keyword: Locus of Control, Job Satisfaction, Teachers

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Investigation and clarification of the effect of AMOS software functional process on the prioritizing of conceptual models' indexes based on structural equations model

Davood Kia Kojoori ¹, Ali Fallah^2*, Mohammad Mostafa Ghodoosi³

¹Department of Public Administration, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos, Iran

^2*Department of management, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch, Nour, Iran.

³Master in Public Administration of Chaloos Branch Islamic Azad University, Member of Research Club Branch of Chaloos

*Corresponding Author: alifallahdorsa@yahooo.com

Abstract: Using multivariate analysis has caused basic changes in the process of social research and has enabled the researchers for better understanding of the complexity of human societies. In this way, Structural Equation Modeling, with the capability of considering the non-linear relations between phenomena, has been welcomed and encouraged by the science society. This article investigates the effective indexes in the enrichment through existing relationships in AMOS software and changing of the conceptual model as well as providing a model for empowering the human resources stemmed from thematic literature. The purpose of presenting the current article is investigation, clarification and discovery of the way of changing and effects of the process of AMOS software's function and the outputs of this software on the different conceptual models. Also, the way of prioritizing of the conceptual indexes is investigated in two methods of stepwise prioritizing and one-off prioritizing. Therefore, at first we define the scientific and university issues and definitions of the empowerment of human resources, then we investigate the results and outputs resulting from the processing and the amount of correlation between the elements and indexes presented in the AMOS software. The population of present research is some existing industrial companies in Iran. The instrument of the research is the questionnaire with the reliability of 93% and the related outputs has been made reliable through the software of AMOS. The results of research have shown that the output of these two methods has not been similar and the researchers must choose one of these models voluntarily based on their conceptual model and whether in their models the effect of variables with less priority on other variable is essential. For example, in the present research if a researcher likes that the effects of variables or the low correlation are effective in his calculations, he must use the one-off priority-measuring and if he do not like in the effect of the light variables in calculations, he must use stepwise prioritizing method.

[Davood Kia Kojoori^, Ali Fallah, Mohammad Mostafa. Investigation and clarification of the effect of AMOS software functional process on the prioritizing of conceptual models' indexes based on structural equations model. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):285- 292](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.49

Keywords: process, model, structural equations, priority, AMOS

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The neuroprotective effects of Prosopis farcta pod aqueous and ethanol extracts on spinal cord α-motoneurons neuronal density after sciatic nerve injury in rats

Mahtab Mollashahi ¹, Maryam Tehranipour^{* 1}, Jina Khayyatzade ¹, Bibi ZahraJavad Moosavi ¹

 1-Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

 *Corresponding Author: maryam_tehranipour@mshdiau.ac.ir

Abstract : Following crush injury to the sciatic nerve changes occur in the cell bodies of the most types of neurons. Knowledge of the physiological roles of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol. Fabaceae) plant has opened up new strategies in the treatment of neurological diseases. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Prosopis farcta pod on α-motoneuron neuronal density in rats. Ethanol and aqueous extracts was produced by using soxhlet method. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided to eight groups (control, compression and six experimental groups). In compression and experimental groups right sciatic nerve were highly compressed for 60 s, assigned to experimental groups (compression + aqueous extract of Prosopis farcta injections (25,50,75 mgkg ^-1, ip, 2 time) and (compression + ethanol extract of Prosopis farcta injections (25,50,75 mgkg ^-1, ip, 2 time) (N=8).After 4 weeks the lumbar segments of spinal cord were sampled, processed, sectioned serially and stained with toluidine blue (pH 4.65). By using stereological quantitative technique, the number of α- motoneurons were counted and compared with each other. Neuronal density showed significant difference in compression and control groups (P<0/001). There was a meaning full difference between compression group and all treatment groups (P<0/001). The Prosopis farcta pod aqueous and ethanol extracts have neuroprotective effect because of antioxidant rule. [Mahtab Mollashahi, Maryam Tehranipour, Jina Khayyatzade, Bibi Zahra Javad Moosavi. The neuroprotective effects of Prosopis farcta pod aqueous and ethanol extracts on spinal cord α-motoneurons neuronal density after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):293-297] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.50

Keywords: Key words: Nerve injury, motoneuron, antioxidant, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration.

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Prevalence of Low Hemoglobin and its Correlation with Maternal Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women in Health Centers of Sanandaj in 2009

Fariba Ranaei¹, Roonak Shahoei^2*, Farzaneh Zaheri¹

¹MSc of Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*²Assistant Professor of Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: rshaho@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of low hemoglobin and its correlation with maternal factors and pregnancy complication in pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 12 urban health centers were selected randomly from different areas of Sanandaj. Results showed that the prevalence of low hemoglobin was significantly higher in mothers with lower level of education (P=0.03), pregnancies and childbirths more than 3 times (P=0.001), a history of anemia (P=0.001), and irregular prenatal care (P=0.001). Furthermore, mothers with low hemoglobin encountered with more pregnancy complications (P<0.01). The most prevalent complications included low Apgar score at birth, premature birth, and low birth weight. Trainings before and during pregnancy for mothers who are medically prone to anemia can also be an effective step to decrease the incidence of anemia and its complications in pregnant women. [Fariba Ranaei, Roonak Shahoei, Farzaneh Zaheri. Prevalence of Low Hemoglobin and its Correlation with Maternal Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women in Health Centers of Sanandaj in 2009. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):298-303] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.51

Keywords: Low hemoglobin, Pregnancy, Pregnancy complication, Risk factors.

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Regression analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of model farmers From the views of farmers in Garmsar

Davood Samari¹, Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri^2*

¹ Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Faculty of Agriculture, Garmsar, Iran

² *Young Researchers Club, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

Corresponding authors : mssabouri@iau-garmsar.ac.ir

Abstract: The current research analyzes the Factors influencing the efficiency of model farmers to achieve the intended promotional targets from the views of the farmers in the Garmsar District. The engagement of model farmers in the process of promotional activities can strengthen the local and participatory leadership of the villagers in the local decision making process. This research is of applied type and uses the descriptive correlative method. The statistical group studied consisted of 13000 farmers from the District of Garmsar, who are somehow in relation with the model farmers. The number of model farmers for the beneficiary groups studied was determined to be 210 persons on the basis of the Cochran formula and the necessary calculations of 30 farmers in the Province of Tehran, leading to 202 questionnaires valid for analysis. The data required from the statistical group were collected by questionnaire and the SPSS 16 software application was used to analyze the data. The first variable entered in the equation was the reflection of agricultural problems to authorities by role models. The results of calculations show that in the beneficiaries’ opinion the mentioned variable has the greatest role in the effectiveness of the role models. Scientific and practical skills and experience in the relevant work and profession (second level), enjoying respect and credibility among the farmers and the honest and caring trustees of the people (third level), having self confidence and high moral and ethical values (fourth level) and the capacity of transferring information to farmers (fifth level) had the highest role in the effectiveness of the role models. [Davood Samari, Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri. Regression analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of model farmers From the views of farmers in Garmsar. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):304-311](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.52

Keywords: Effectiveness, promotional activities, agricultural and natural resources role models, farmers, Garmsar District.

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Regression analysis of economic factors affecting the adoption of water conservation technologies in Semnan

Mohammad Sadegh Sabouria, Ali Nouri Emamzadehb

a Young Researchers Club, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran, Sabouri5413@yahoo.com

^bGarmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran, ali.nouriem@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate economic variables affecting the adoption of water conservation technologies in Semnan with using a causal-regression and applied survey. Independent and dependent variables included economic factors (income increase, reduction of costs and scathes due to water shortage, increase of crops price and etc.) and adoption of water conservation technologies by Semnan’s farmers, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that economic factors explained 51.3 percent of total variance of the adoption (R2=0.513). Rate of accessing to necessary inputs, as first variable inputting stepwise regression, explained 17.3 percent of the variance. In second step, variable of beneficiary of government’s economic encouragements for applying water conservation technologies entered into regression. Also, this variable explained 11.9 percent of the variance. Finally in three steps, variables of rate of accessing to banking facilities, rate of income increase and reduction of costs explained 8.4, 6.6 and 4.1 percent of the variance, respectively. [Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri, Ali Nouri Emamzadeh. Regression analysis of economic factors affecting the adoption of water conservation technologies in Semnan. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):312-316] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.53

Key words: Economic factors, Water conservation technologies, Adoption, Farmers, Semnan

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Role of e-learning in economic development of rural tourism, rural views, case study city of Sari

Seyed Kamyar Moosavi¹, Mohammad Sadegh sabouri², Mehrdad Niknamy³

¹Student of Agricultural Extension and Education, Islamic Azad University

²Young Researchers Club, garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

³Faculty member of Islamic Azad University Branch, Islamic Azad University, garmsar Branch, Iran

Abstract: In recent years, tourism had been considered as one of the most principal economical and commercial pillar of the world and mention it as the main pillar of stable development and even tourism industry. The main objective of this research is to analyze the role of e-learning in economical development of rural tourism of sari. It was of applicative type which had been done by causal _ communicative method. Data gathering tool was researcher mode questionnaire. statistical society of this research were all rural people above the age of 15 in sari, which regarding to intensity of their number (199124), 355 people had been chosen from among them by classical sampling method. Independent variables consist of amount of accessibility and using e-learning tools and requirements, role and properties of e-learning, villagers attitude toward e-learning and rural tourism, taking part in internet training courses and e-learning, and dependent variable was consist of amount of accessibility to economical development of rural tourism. To obtain the stability of research tool, cronbach alpha method had been used. Using a primary test, some questionnaires had been completed by villagers of ghaemshahr, which was equal to 0.84 and showed high stability of research tool. Regression test recognized just one factor namely ((having quick access to information)) as a predictive factor in economical development of rural tourism, which could specify about 17% of variance of criterion variable from the villagers' view. [Seyed Kamyar Moosavi, Mohammad Sadegh sabouri, Mehrdad Niknamy. Role of e-learning in economic development of rural tourism, rural views, case study city of Sari. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):317-322] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.54

Keywords: rural tourism, e-learning, economic development.

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Effect of Aloe vera extract on ovaries development in during gestational age of 18 day embryo of diabetic rats

Mehrzad Jafari Barmak ¹, Zabihollah Khaksar ², Asghar Sharifi ³, Reza Mahmoudi ^4*

¹ Assistant professor of Histology, Cellular and Molecular research center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

² Associate professor of Comparative Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

³ Assistant professor of Bacteriology, Cellular and Molecular research center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

^4* Associate professor of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular research center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

*Corresponding: rmahmoudi40@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ovary is a part of the reproductive system can be affected by diabetes. Aloe vera is a plant that reduces hypoglycemic. Thus, in present study, its aloe vera effect on ovaries development in during gestational age of 18 day embryo of rat. Material and methods: Two Groups of female Sprag dawlly rats were injected by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg/IP) and mating by male rat, vaginal plaque is objected. One groups of rats received aloe vera extract (400mg/kg) by oral in gestational age during and other group giving distilled water. After 18 day, rats sacrificed and their embryo were removed. Abdominal sections of embryo were processed and embedding by paraffin. The 5-6 µ sections were made and staining by hematoxyline- eosin and mason trichorome. Cellular of ovary change is evaluated. Results: Mean body weight do not show significantly (p>0.05). Mean blood sugar were decreased significantly (p<0.05). The mean of primordial germ cells were seen significant (p<0.05). Discussion: This study showed that Aloe Vera can reduce the blood sugar, also cause be increased primordial germ cells in embryos of diabetic mothers. [Mehrzad Jafari Barmak, Zabihollah Khaksar, Asghar Sharifi, Reza Mahmoudi. Effect of Aloe vera extract on ovaries development in during gestational age of 18 day embryo of diabetic rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):323-327] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.55

Keywords: Aloe vera, Ovaries development, Diabetic.

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The effect of dietary antioxidant supplements on abdominal fat deposition in broilers

Gholam Reza Zaboli¹, Hasan Hoseynyan Bilondi², Abdolhossein Miri^*3

¹Institute of Especial Domestic Animals, University of Zabol, 98661-5538

²Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

^3*Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy,Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 3333-669699 :Zabol, Iran

^*Corresponding author: miri2005miri@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was done to evaluate the effects of several different dietary antioxidantsin broiler diets. The antioxidants tested in the study were organic selenium, vitamin E and garlic powder. Effects of antioxidants on broiler performance were measured according to parameters of abdominal fat deposition, liver lipid concentration and performance. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 192 day-old male chicks (Ross 308) randomly distributed in 4 groups of dietary treatments, each with 3 replicates and 16 chicks/pen. Diets tested on the chicks were as follows; a control diet, organic selenium (Sel-Plex^®), vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol acetate^®) and garlic powder. Data on performance were recorded at the end of each week for each replicate pen. On day 42, three broilers from each pen were killed and dissected to evaluate abdominal fat deposits. Lipids were extracted from the liver using chloroform/methanol. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) reductions in abdominal fat deposition of chicken carcasses that were subjected to diets with garlic powder supplement. Vitamin E indicated significant (p<0.05) reduction in abdominal fat content and enhanced carcass mass of broilers but organic selenium had no significant effect on abdominal fat or broiler performance.

[Gholam Reza Zaboli, Hasan Hoseynyan Bilondi, Abdolhossein Miri. The effect of dietary antioxidant supplements on abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):328-333] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.56

Keywords: abdominal fat, organic selenium, vitamin E, garlic powder, broiler

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Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth

M. Arabi, M. A. Elahifar *, M. Dehghani

Department of Radiology, Faculty of medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran

 * Corresponding author: Mohammad. Ali. Elahifar

E-mail: maelahifar@gmail.com

Abstract: Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length, at 20 weeks of gestation, is very useful to predict spontaneous preterm birth. A large number of studies have been performed in the attempt to detect the spontaneous preterm birth on the basis of biological, biochemical and ultrasound parameters. Transvaginal Sonography is a good tool to evaluate the cervix. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. This is a prospective observational analytical study. The study population consisted of 150 pregnant women who had at least one risk factor for preterm labor. The patients underwent transvaginal sonography at 14-28 weeks of gestation. Samples were collected from Imam Ali Hospital of Zahedan, Iran, from 2011 to 2012. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program and student T paired test. A cervical length of 18 mm was the best cut-off value to predict the preterm delivery at <35 and at <37 weeks’ gestation. Using logistic regression test showed that the cervical length less than 18 mm has a strong statistical correlation with SPDT at <35 and at <37 weeks of gestation. (P value= 0.001 and P value=0.005, respectively). Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography in pregnant women with the risk of preterm labor, at <35 and at <37 weeks, predicts spontaneous preterm birth and helps reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

[M. Arabi, M. A. Elahifar, M. Dehghani. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):334-338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.57

Keywords: Transvaginal ultrasonography, cervical length, spontaneous preterm birth.

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The effect of group consuling with cognitive behavioral approach anxiety and assertiveness among students (boys)

Azim Ghasemzadeh

Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University Parsabad, Iran

Abstract:The approach which has been used in this research is a experimental and it,s project is a kind. of those pre- test and post- test with control group. The statistical society of this research is fromed. of all of the boy students of public high schools in parsabad – e- Moghan in 84-85 year. (N=2969). The statistical model of this research Was 20 students that had been schoosed according to racemose by chance sampling method and settled by chance in two groups of test and control.The tools that has been used For this research include kattell anxiety questionnaier containing 40 questions with 3 option about 7 compilation (The lack of ego integrity, The lack of ego strength, insecurity of paranoia, tendency to the feeling of guilt, stress of ego, latent anxiety and evident anxiety) and Gambrill and Richey questionnaire containing 40 questions with 5 option that performed in pre – test and post – test for test and control groups and also group consuling with cognitive – behavioral approach accomplished for test group during 11 session each session dealing go minutes. The research data be analyzed with statistical methods of paired samples test, independent samples test and Pierson correlation. So these result is obtained: Group consulting with cognitive – behavioral method cause the reduction of anxiety of students (p<0.05).

[Azim Ghasemzadeh. The effect of group consuling with cognitive behavioral approach anxiety and assertiveness among students (boys). Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):339-341] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.58

Key words: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, anxiety and assertiveness.

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A new method to damages detection on steel surfaces

Mostafa Sadeghi¹, Masoud Shafiee², Faezeh Memarzadeh Zavareh³

¹Department of Computer, zavareh Branch Islamic Azad University, zavareh, Iran. M.sadeghi@khuisf.ac.ir

²Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. mshafiee@aut.ac.ir

³Department of Computer, zavareh Branch Islamic Azad University, zavareh, Iran. Fmemarzadeh@gmail.com

Abstract: In any industry, quality control is an essential and inevitable part of process Quality control is an essential and inevitable part of industrial process. In any industry, quality control is an essential and inevitable part of process. Defect detection in steel plates, is one of the most important quality control steps in steel process. Image processing is a dominant technique to recognize defect in steel plates. in this paper a fast and highly accurate approach for detection of this kind of defects is offered by using image processing with the aid of 2D Gabor Wavelet and without any need to normal image or determining the quantity of images which are to be deleted. The accuracy and speed of applied approach has been indicated by offering test samples. The result show considerable improvement and Precision and speed of this suggested approach is compared to the previous methods. [Mostafa Sadeghi, Masoud Shafiee, Faezeh Memarzadeh Zavareh. A new method to damages detection on steel surfaces. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):342-346] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.59

Keywords: Image Processing, Gabor Wavelet, Quality control, steel process.

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Interaction Effects Of Management Accounting Systems And Process Quality Management On Product Quality Performance. Case Study: Manufacturing Companies In Tehran Security Exchange

Mohamadreza Khodabakhshian Naeini, Elaheh Heiatian Naeini

Department Of Accounting, Zavareh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zavareh, Iran

mkhodabakhshian@khuisf.ac.ir

Abstract: This study investigates the interaction effects of management accounting systems and quality management process on product quality performance. Different kinds of scales have been used in this study, one scale for measuring process quality management, three scales for measuring management accounting systems (goals, feedback and incentives). Internal and External quality are also used for measuring product quality performance as the dependent variables. The statistic sample of this study is 70 manufacturing companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the five-years period (1384 to 1388). Results indicate positive and significant effects of the interactions of process quality management with all three scales measuring quality of management accounting systems on internal quality and also indicate positive and significant effects of the interaction of process quality management and quality incentives on external quality product.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):347-351] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.60

Keywords: Quality Management Process; Goal – Feedback; Incentives; Product Quality Performance.

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Flaws detection in steel plates Using Gabor Wavelet

Mostafa Sadeghi¹, Faezeh Memarzadehzavareh²

¹Islamic Azad University, Zavareh Branch, Zavareh, Iran, Mostafa13h@gmail.com

²Department of Computer, zavareh Branch Islamic Azad University, zavareh, Iran, Fmemarzadeh@gmail.com

Abstract: Defect detection in steel plates, is one of the most important quality control steps in steel process Quality control of steel sheet for the purpose of improvement in product quality and maintaining competitive market is a matter of high importance. Surface defect detection devotes a high percentage of quality control to itself. in this paper a fast and highly accurate approach for detection of this kind of defects is offered by using image processing with the aid of 2D Gabor Wavelet and without any need to normal image or determining the quantity of images which are to be deleted. The result show considerable improvement. [Mostafa Sadeghi, Faezeh Memarzadehzavareh. Flaws detection in steel plates Using Gabor Wavelet. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):352-355] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.61

Keywords:Image Processing, Gabor Wavelet, Quality control, steel process.

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Applying Wavelet in Image Processing For Visible Defect Detection on Steel Surfaces

Mostafa Sadeghi¹, Faezeh Memarzadehzavareh²

¹ Department of Computer, Zavareh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zavareh, Iran, Mostafa13h@gmail.com

²Department of Computer, zavareh Branch Islamic Azad University, zavareh, Iran, Fmemarzadeh@gmail.com

Abstract: Quality control of steel sheets for the purpose of optimizing product quality and maintaining market competition is very important. Detection of surface defects a high percent of quality control process to itself. in this paper a fast and highly accurate approach for detection of this kind of defects is offered by using image processing with the aid of 2D Gabor Wavelet and without any need to normal image or determining the quantity of images which are to be deleted. The accuracy and speed of applied approach has been indicated by offering test samples.

[Mostafa Sadeghi, Faezeh Memarzadehzavareh. Applying Wavelet in Image Processing For Visible Defect Detection on Steel Surfaces. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):356-359] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.62

Keywords: Image Processing, Automatic Inspection, Quality Control, Defects Segmentation, Gabor Wavelet.

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Translation Strategies Used by Students of Translation and TEFL: A Study of English-Persian Renderings of Argumentative Texts

Alaleh Yazdani^1*, Saeed Nouri Hoseinabadi²

^1* Department of Foreign languages, Zavareh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zavareh, Iran

² Department of Accounting, Zavareh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zavareh, Iran

*Corresponding author: a.yazdani90@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to find what distinctive strategies are used in translating argumentative texts by Translation and TEFL (Teaching English as a foreign language) students. For this purpose, on the basis of a language proficiency test, 60 BA participates were chosen, 30 for each group. Each of these students was offered three argumentative texts. They were asked to translate one of them as a must, and among the other two texts, choose one of them arbitrarily. After translating, a form was handed to each student that included Newmark's strategies and their explanations and definitions that they might use for translations. The students were asked to mark the strategies they that had applied in their translations. It was found out that the three groups differed in the number of the strategies they used. In fact, Translation students used more strategies.

[Alaleh Yazdani, Saeed Nouri Hoseinabadi. Translation Strategies Used by Students of Translation and TEFL: A Study of English-Persian Renderings of Argumentative Texts. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):360-366] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.63

Key word: strategy, translation, translator, translation strategies.

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Fears associated with Pregnancy and Childbirth among Kurdish Women in Iran

Farangis Khosravy¹, Roonak Shahoei^2*, Lila Hashemi Nasab¹, Fariba Ranaei¹, Mohamad Abdolahi³

¹Lecturer, Msc Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

^2*Assistant Professor, PhD, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

³MD, Hospital of Social Security, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

^*Corresponding Author: rshaho@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the fear and causes associated with pregnancy and childbirth among Kurdish women in Iran. Design: A qualitative design was chosen and grounded theory was used for data analysis. Setting: Three health care centers in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province, west of Iran. Participants: 22 pregnant Kurdish women were interviewed during their third trimester. Findings: All women expressed at least some fears associated with pregnancy and/or childbirth. The women’s fears were related to their babies’ well-being, process and procedure during labor and childbirth, family life, criticism of husband’s family, and the attitudes of hospital personnel. The reasons for their fears included previous negative experiences, lack of knowledge, maternity environment and hospital personnel, sex of their baby, and financial status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to childbirth education and healthcare services. The findings also highlight the need for a careful review of the existing labor and delivery units and procedures.Midwives need further training in how to meet and support pregnant women with fear related to pregnancy and childbirth.

[Farangis Khosravy, Roonak Shahoei, Lila Hashemi Nasab, Fariba Ranaei, Mohamad Abdolahi. Fears associated with Pregnancy and Childbirth among Kurdish Women in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):367-373] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1002s13.64

Key Words: Fear, Pregnancy, Childbirth, Qualitative study

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