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Relationships between Cultural Intelligence and Academic Members’ Effectiveness in Roudehen University

Banafsheh Ziai Nikpour, Hassan Shahrakipour and Samad Karimzadeh

Faculty of educational science, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The aim of current study was to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence and academic members’ effectiveness in social science faculties in Roudehen University. The respondents were 130 academic members. The instruments used for data collection include Cultural Intelligence Scale and effectiveness scale. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that cultural intelligence and dimension of cultural intelligence were significantly related to academic members’ effectiveness. Also, results of the correlation analysis indicated that effectiveness and dimensions of effectiveness were significantly related to cultural intelligence. Results of regression analysis indicated that four element of cultural intelligence were statistically significant. Motivational intelligence appeared as the strongest predictor, follows by knowledge intelligence, behavioral intelligence and strategic intelligence. Also, partnership had most effect in predicting of effectiveness, follows by feeling, emotions, and decisions.

[Banafsheh Ziai Nikpour, Hassan Shahrakipour and Samad Karimzadeh. Relationships between Cultural Intelligence and Academic Members’ Effectiveness in Roudehen University. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.01

Key words: cultural intelligence, effectiveness, academic members

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Formation Mechanism Of Debris Flows In Roodbarak Sub-Basin, Mazandaran, Iran

Sadroddin Motevalli¹, Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh², Reza Esmaili³, Khabat Derafshi⁴ and Hasan Shaebaninia⁵

¹Assistant Prof. of the geography department in Islamic Azad University, Nour branch

²Assistant Prof. of Faculty of Earth science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

3Assisstant Prof. of Geography in Mazandaran University

⁴M.Sc of Geomorphology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

⁵M.Sc of Geomorphology, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch

Abstract: In this study through field observations, 9 debris flows were investigated and their morphometric characteristics were determined in Roodbarak sub-basin. The most important morphometric characteristics of debris flows in this region are dip of debris flow’s head, dip of debris flow’s slope, length of crossing part, debris flow’s height and size of debris flow’s base. In order to analyze is these morphometric parameters acquired from debris flows of Roodbarak sub-basin, linear regression has been used for a meaningful analysis between parameters. According to the results of linear regression, maximum coefficient of determination of the size of debris flow’s base is computed with the independent variable of debris flow’s height (0.89) and after that with the length of crossing part (0.55) that shows more justification and determination of variation in the size of debris flow’s base with these two parameters. After these two parameters, the coefficient of determination for slope’s dip is 0.37 and the weakest coefficient of determination for dip is the one between head and slope of the debris flow having the current base. The results of quantitative analyses between the volume of debris and other independent variables also show that with a coefficient of determination of 0.95, the variable related to the length of crossing part has the most correlation with dependent variable (the volume of debris). Afterwards, the coefficient of determination for the crossing part was determined 0.82. Using the factor analysis, the most important factors in variation of the size of debris flow’s base and debris volume were determined as the respond variables. Regarding to the results of factor analysis by rotation of varimax, 3 effective components on variation of the base size of debris flows in Roodbarak sub-basin were determined that the first component has a dip of 0.95 for debris flow’s base, justifying 45.5 percent of changes of variance and is the most effective component on the respond variable. In this component, the height of debris flow and the length of crossing part with coefficient of 0.97 and 0.88, respectively, have a strong positive relation with the respond variable (the size of debris flow’s base) and are the most important parameters of variability of this dependent variable. In the first component, slope’s dip has a strong negative relation with dependent variable (the size of base); in other words, the size of debris flow’ base gets smaller when slope’s dip gets increased. For the dependent variable of the volume of debris, two effective variables on this variable were acquired by application of factor analysis; these two components justify 75.2 percent of changes of variance. First component with a coefficient of 0.96 is the principle effective component on variation of debris volume that justifies 54.7 percent of variance changes.

 [Sadroddin Motevalli, Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh, Reza Esmaili, Khabat Derafshi and Hasan Shaebaninia. FORMATION MECHANISM OF DEBRIS FLOWS IN ROODBARAK SUB-BASIN, MAZANDARAN, IRAN. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):8-20] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.02

Keywords: debris flow debris; morphometric; linear regression; factor analysis; Roodbarak sub-basin

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Growth and accumulation of sodium in some genotypes of maize (Zea mays L) under salt stress and evaluate the correlation between them

Davar Molazem1, Jafar Azimi2*, Marefat Ghasemi2, Mohsen Hanifi2 and Ali Khatami2

1. Department of Agriculture Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2. Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

E-mail: d.molazem@iau-astara.ac.ir

Abstract: High soil salinity is one of the important environmental factors that limit distribution and productivity of major crops. So the investigation of the plants and finding some method to resist the plants against salinity stress is very important. Considering Iran and Azerbaijan as origin countries in Astara region, and in order to study the effects of salt stress (NACL) on, Sodium content of leaves, proline, grain yield, plant height, Leaf chlorophyll content, leaf number and 100 grain weight of 8 maize cultivars were experimented in three replications on the basis of randomized complete block design in three years (2007-2009). Cultivars included K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K3546/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala and they were cultivated in two pieces of land in Astara: one with normal soil and the other with salty soil. Results from the experiment showed that, between locations (normal and saline) in all traits, significant differences were seen. Between varieties in all traits, significant differences were seen. The interaction between years and varieties, years and varieties and locations for all traits was not significant. Comparison traits in different salinities showed that in most traits, there are significant differences between genotypes. Maximum of chlorophyll content was seen in S.C704, B73 and S.C302 under normal conditions. There was no significant difference between them. In the sodium content of leaves, a significant difference was seen between varieties at 1% level. The maximum amount of sodium was obtained In sc704 at salty conditions. The maximum of proline were measured In the S.C704 cultivar at salinity conditions. Grain yield was significantly negatively correlated with proline and showed a significant positive correlation with sodium. In normal conditions a significant negative correlation between the proline and sodium content were obtained with increasing salinity, between the leaves proline with the amount of sodium was significantly positive correlated.

 [Davar Molazem, Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Mohsen Hanifi and Ali Khatami. Growth and accumulation of sodium in some genotypes of maize (Zea mays L) under salt stress and evaluate the correlation between them. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):21-25] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.03

Keywords: Salinity, accumulation of sodium, maize

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Correlation Analysis in Different Planting Dates and Plant Density of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Varieties in Astara Region

Davar Molazem1, Jafar Azimi2*, Marefat Ghasemi2, Mohsen Hanifi2 and Ali Khatami2

1. Department of Agriculture Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2. Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

E-mail d.molazem@iau-astara.ac.ir

Abstract: In order to determine of plant density and planting date on some production parameters and the correlation coefficient of Canola a field experimental was conducted in 2008 at Astara region in a Split plot factorial in complete block design with four varieties and three replicates. Treatments were: planting date (08/10/13 and 08/10/28) and two level plant density (42 and 84 plants per m²). Results from the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between varieties. Between planting date in all traits, significant differences were seen. Between plant densities in all traits, significant differences were seen. The interaction between plant density and varieties, planting date and varieties and locations for all traits was significant. %. Maximum yield per plant was measured at Global, which with variety Pf 7045 showed no significant difference. Late planting and high density, increased the 1000 grain weight. There was a significant difference with other varieties. The lowest this trait was obtained in the Falcon. Between number of pods per main stem with biomass per plot and yield per plant was positive correlation and significantly at 1% level. A significant negative correlation between thousand grain weight and oil percentage were obtained. A significant positive correlation between thousand grain weight and yield per plant were obtained.

[Davar Molazem, Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Mohsen Hanifi and Ali Khatami. Correlation Analysis in Different Planting Dates and Plant Density of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Varieties in Astara Region. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):26-31] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.04

Keywords: canola, plant density, Correlation, planting date

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Investigation of Factors Influencing Procrastination of Management Accounting Changes (Case study of manufacturing firms located in Zanjan)

Javad Ghadimpoor¹, Morteza Ramazani^*2

^1,2. Management and Accounting Department, ParsabadMoghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad, Iran

^*Corresponding Author: Morteza Ramazani, e-mail: Mortezaramazani@ymail.com

Abstract: Companies that compete in industrial market are faced with increase in competition originating from globalization of market, technological changes and more demand on the part of customers. All these changes affect management accounting systems of companies tremendously and require that companies change their management accounting systems. There are several factors that cause procrastination of management accounting changes. Here the researcher has cited five factors influencing this procrastination: Accounting staff shortage, loss of computing resources, inconsistency of management, Problems relating to management, Lack of accounting power. The method in this study is descriptive- survey and the factors are studied in manufacturing firms of big and very big size located in Zanjan-Iran. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher has utilized questionnaires and interviews and for the test of research variables Friedman test is employed in order examine equality of importance of variables. Also Man-Whitney Test has been employed to examine meaningful differences between firms of big and very big size. The results of the research indicate importance of research variables from the viewpoint of firms under study in procrastination of management accounting changes.

 [Javad Ghadimpoor, Morteza Ramazani. Investigation of Factors Influencing Procrastination of Management Accounting Changes (Case study of manufacturing firms located in Zanjan). Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):32-37] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.05

Keywords: management accounting change, Factors Influencing Procrastination, manufacturing firms, Zanjan

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Design and construction of automatic laboratory reactor biogas and potential evaluation of biogas of biomass

Salamollah Mohammadi-Aylar¹, Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh² and Morteza Almasi³

^1- Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

^2- Associate Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

^3- Professor, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Corresponding Author: E-mail: sina_mohamdiaylar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Increasing energy demands in different sectors of the world societies has faced a major challenge. Decrease of fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas as non-renewable fuels and fuel price increases highlights the importance and need of replacing the current energy systems. One of these choices is the use of energy from biomass sources. Biogas as one of the energy sources is obtained from decomposition and fermentation of agricultural residues, animal and human wastes and industrial waste to produce methane gas. Some of these materials come out from biogas machine as sludge compost which their fertilizer quality is good. Biogas can be used as well as an energy carrier to replace fossil fuels. The objective of this study was to design and construction of automated laboratory reactor biogas and to produce biogas from different raw materials. Programmable and automatic control reactor has been designed and equipped with 50-liter-scale digester, mixing and heating systems, digital pH metre. Structural type of the digester was batch type. Devices that measure the volume of gas produced from an electronic circuit, 3 solenoid valves, transfer tubes, glass containers and stored in distilled water into the measuring cylinder gas (hypocrite), also designed and built. The reactor produced biogas biomass potential can be determined from the rate of biogas production and thus meet the energy needs of the region.

 [Salamollah Mohammadi-Aylar, Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh and Morteza Almasi. Design and construction of automatic laboratory reactor biogas and potential evaluation of biogas of biomass. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):38-42] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.06

Keywords: Biogas, reactor design, biomass.

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The Thermodynamic Characteristic of Complex Formations of some metals with 3-(4-nitrophenylazo) pentan-2, 4-dione in Aqueous Ethanol Solution

Reza Solhnejad^1*, Nasser shokri kalehsar² and Reza Sotoudeh³

¹Department of chemistry, Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

E-mail: solhnejad@gmail.com

²Department of Biochemistry, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

³Department of chemistry, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

^*Corresponding author: E-mail addresses: solhnejad@gmail.com (R. Solhnejad).

Abstract: The method of potentiometric titrations investigates complex formation of some metals with 3-(4-nitrophenylazo)pentan-2,4-dione (L) in aqueous ethanol a solution at various temperatures (298±0.5; 308±0.5; 318±0.5 К). Standard thermodynamic functions of reaction of complex formation which change in the following sequence also are established:

Method МО LCАО in approximation Hückel quantum-chemical calculations determines effective charges of atoms in tautomeric forms (enol-azo, keto-azo, hydrazo) of L.

 [Reza Solhnejad, Naser shokri kalesar and Reza Sotoudeh. The Thermodynamic Characteristic of Complex Formations of some metalswith 3-(4-nitrophenylazo) pentan-2, 4-dione in Aqueous Ethanol Solution. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):43-48] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.07

Keywords: 3-(4-Nitrophenylazo)pentan-2,4-dione; potentiometry; thermodynamic parameters; stability constants; quantum-chemical calculations; conductometry

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Reconstructions in Banking Business Model; Development of BMO via BBM Project

Mohsen Yousefi Parsa (M.A) *[1]and Mehran Rezvani (PhD) 2

[1] Master of Art in CE, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, e-mail: mohsen_yousefi@ut.ac.ir

2Member of Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, e-mail: m.rezvani@ut.ac.ir

*Corresponding Author: Mohsen Yousefi Parsa

Abstract: Banking nowadays is a vital chain sub-structure in economies; Banks provide customers with many financial services but as a unwritten but pervasive crisis, lack of innovation in financial services and products became a permanent problem of newly-entered banks, as well as established ones. In this paper, we propose some vital but neglected areas of acting to some extent innovatively, and so we develop an innovative-centered business model reconstructions, that aim to reach ontological level in future researches. This objective came true via Banking Business Model (BBM) project that is a broad business model design project for banking industry, and a part of this named Program C (Program of Change) will be presented here. Results show that many bankers have not enough knowledge about business model so Program C helps them as a starting point.

[Mohsen Yousefi Parsa and Mehran Rezvani. Reconstructions in Banking Business Model; Development of BMO via BBM Project. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):49-58] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.08

Keywords: Banking, Business Model, Dramatic Change, Project Management

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Relationships between Content and Hierarchy of Values, Demographic and Academic Variables among University Students

Fatemeh Poor Shahsavari

Payame-Noor University, Faculty of Psychology, Sirjan, Iran

Email: shahsavari1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to study the values, hierarchies and content of students of the Payame Noor University. The sample in this study consists of 487 university students (250 female and 238 males) who were selected by the cluster-random sampling method. The Schwartz values survey was administered to them. The information was analysed using the SPSS program. The results indicated that the priorities of values hierarchies were Benevolence, Universalism, Security, Self-direction, Tradition, Power, Achievement, Conformity, Stimulation and Hedonism. The collected values are stated in the first priority and the individual values are dominated in the second priority. There are no significant differences between the girls and boys in the hierarchies of values and no significant differences between the science and humanity students, or married and single students.

 [Fatemeh Poor Shahsavari. Relationships between Content and Hierarchy of Values, Demographic and Academic Variables among University Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):59-68] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.09

Keywords: values, hierarchy of values, content of values, Schwartz theory

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Salmonella Sepsis and Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract: We report a 19 months old boy with 3 days history of fever and left mid-arm pain and swelling. On examination his temperature was 39.5⁰C, left mid-arm was swollen with tenderness, redness and hotness. Total white cell count was 15x10⁹/L with 75% neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 109 mm/hour, and x-ray of the affected bone revealed periosteal elevations, irregular destructive lesions and sequestra formation. Cultures from the blood and from the bone biopsy revealed salmonella enteriditis group D. The patient was treated according to the results of the culture and sensitivity. Therefore, salmonella osteomyelitis should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of soteomyelitis in children with sickle cell anemia. The choice, dosage, and duration of antibiotics therapy should be determined by causative organisms.

[Salmonella Sepsis and Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):69-71] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.10

Keywords: salmonella, osteomyelitis, sickle cell anemia, Saudi

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Is salinity tolerance related to Na accumulation in maize cultivars (Zea mays L.)?

Davar Molazem1, Jafar Azimi2*, Marefat Ghasemi2, Mohsen Hanifi2 and Ali Khatami2

1. Department of Agriculture Astara branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2. Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

E-mail d.molazem@iau-astara.ac.ir

Abstract: Considering Iran and Azerbaijan as origin countries in Astara region, and in order to study the effects of salt stress (NACL) on morphological characteristics changes of 8 maize cultivars were experimented in three replications on the basis of randomized complete block design. Cultivars included K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K3546/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala and they were cultivated in two pieces of land in Astara: one with normal soil and the other with salty soil. During the experiment, Salt accumulation in leaves, leaf numbers, Leaf length, and yield characteristics such as weight of 100 grains, proline and grain yield, were measured. Results from the experiment showed that, regarding the most of characteristics, there were significant differences among cultivars and that, compared to normal conditions; saltiness had caused reduction in their values Soil salinity reduces leaf length in most cultivars. Maximum leaf length was found in Zaqatala and Sc704 respectively. Lowest leaf length, was seen in K3545.6 (49.85). Proline content increased with increasing soil salinity. Proline increases plant resistance to salinity. With increasing salinity, salt accumulation in leaves severely increased. Biggest accumulation in S.C704 was observed. The highest amount of proline was measured in this variety. This variety showed resistance to salinity, and with all the varieties were significant difference.

 [Davar Molazem, Jafar Azimi, Marefat Ghasemi, Mohsen Hanifi and Ali Khatami. Is salinity tolerance related to Na accumulation in maize cultivars (Zea mays L.)?. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):72-75] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.11

Keywords: Salinity, morphological characteristics, maize

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Peristaltic flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Oldroyd 4-constant fluid in a planar channel

Hakeem Ullah, Saeed Islam, Muhammad Arif, Mehreen Fiza.

Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK Pakistan

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to generalize the flow problem considered in [21] for magnetohydrodynamic fluid. The problem is first formulated in the form of a differential equation by taking into account the effects of magnetic field and then solved numerically for various values of material parameters. Here, in addition to the non-Newtonian parameters, non-dimensional Hartman number also comes into play. The effects of Hartman number on longitudinal velocity, stream function, longitudinal pressure gradient and pressure rise per wavelength are discussed with the help of graphs.

[Hakeem Ullah, Saeed Islam, Muhammad Arif, Mehreen Fiza. Peristaltic flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Oldroyd 4-constant fluid in a planar channel. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):76-84] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.12

Key Words. Odroyd 4-constant fluid, channel flow, numerical solution, iterative methods.

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The Acute Effects of “Red Bull Energy Drink” On Blood Lactate Levels and Performance in Active Male

Ramezani Saeed

Department of Physical Education, Payame Noor University, I.R. of Iran

Saeedramezani_pnubujnord@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: energy drink consumption by athletes has become increasingly popular. Athletes believe that energy drinks can be used to enhance their performance during training and competition due to their potentially ergogenic ingredients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the acute ingestion of an energy drink on Wingate cycle performance, muscle strength and blood lactate levels in a sample of 19 male active students from Mazandaran University. Method: this research was conducted on two separately sessions by four days rest in between. At first session, all of subjects were participated in Wingate test and handgrip strength test after having standard breakfast, and after the blood taking. In second session, subjects were divided three groups (Red bull, placebo and no drink groups) by systematically random design. Immediately after having breakfast (forty five minutes prior to test beginning), each group received 6 ml/kg.bw of related beverages. Results: in Red bull group, total work and mean power were increased and blood lactate after the test, was decreased. Changes observed in other measured factors in three groups were not significant. Conclusion: Red Bull can enhance anaerobic power in recreationally active people but not strength and blood lactate levels.

[Ramezani S. The Acute Effects of “Red Bull Energy Drink” On Blood Lactate Levels and Performance in Active Male. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):85-88] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.13

Keywords: energy drinks, Wingate test, acute supplementation, blood lactate, active student

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Push and deterrent factors of tourists to sport events

Ramezani Saeed ¹, Mirzaei Kalar Akbar ², Gholami Ali Naghi^3, Madani Seyed Mehdi ⁴, Esmaeilzadeh Saeid²

^{1, 3} Department of Physical Education, Payame Noor University, I.R. of Iran

²Department of Education, khalkhal, Iran

⁴Lecturer of Payame Noor University, Khalkhal, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: one of the events that take the tourists' attention is the sport events or matches which is held by presence of different sport teams from different parts of the country. Currently, one of the challenges that marketing and sport event organizers are encountered is to increase the amount of ovation of visitors through recognizing the causes which influence their attendance. The aim of this study was to investigate push and deterrent factors of tourists to sport events. Methods: The research method was descriptive and survey. The sample of the study includes 319 tourists from national team participating in the national football teams. The data was collected using the Wimbledon questionnaire. Which the validity of this questionnaire approved by 10 professors of Guilan University and 10 experts tourist and had a previously proven reliability of 86% using the Chronbach's Alpha. The research data were analyzed by Binomial tests (P≤0.05). Results: the findings of this study indicate that from the tourist of the view of fans, socialization, entertainment and relaxation (push factors) are the most effective factors on tourist’s attendance in sport event. And personal problems, financial problems and risks (deterrent factors) are the most effective factors on tourists no attendance in sport event. Conclusion: The results indicate that the socialization, relaxation, and entertainment (push factors) are the most effective factors on tourist’s attendance in sport event. Also, financial problems and risks and personal problems are the most important deterrent factors. Finally, it is suggested that to enhance the participation of the tourists' motivations to attend the sport events, their motivational factors must be identified thoroughly and there must be a good informing system on attraction of event and destination, and financial costs, safety problems, and health problems must be minimized.

[Ramezani S, Mirzaei Kalar A, Madani SM, Esmaeilzadeh S. Push and deterrent factors of tourists to sport events. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):89-93] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.14

Keywords: Sport tourism, push factors, deterrent factors, sport event, tourist

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Investigating the electric shock's risk in the regeneration unit of Iran aluminum Production Company using FTA technique

¹Ahmad Reza Mokhtari, ²Ramazan Mirzaei, ³Abbas Mokhtari

¹Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad university, Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

²Health Promotion Research Center, School of Health, Zahedan university of Medical Sciences (ZaUMS), Zahedan, IR Iran

³Department of Physics, Islamic Azad university, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran

^{2rammir277@yahoo.com}

Abstract: In this study, the electrical shocks risks in the regeneration unit of aluminum Production Company was investigated using Fault tree analysis (FTA) method. By observing the production operation in regeneration unit, using of classified tasks existing in the establishment unit, the introduction with the staffs' major responsibilities and considering imperfect machineries as an effective factor of environment insecurity in electric shocks were evaluated. Given that in order to bringing about electric shock as the result of direct contact in compliance with the transformer isolated system the ground connection is one of the faults of electricity current and seems to be the necessary condition for electric shock, and placing of the staffs between pot and ground is considered as the enough condition causing undesirable event. So top event was determined by “and’’ and “or’’ gates, electric shock undesirable event analyzed, the occurrence reasons were defined, and modeling the fault tree was done in accordance with fundamental orders. Minimal cut set were prioritized ordered by importance, and electrical system of electrolysis line as well as the protection systems used in order to prevent the electric shock risks were identified, and based on the results obtained from the application of the above technique, a set of solutions and corrective suggestions were presented regarding the reduction of electrical shocks risks in the regeneration unit of Aluminum Production company.

[Ahmad Reza Mokhtari, Ramazan Mirzaei, Abbas Mokhtari. Investigating the electric shock's risk in the regeneration unit of Iran aluminum Production Company using FTA technique. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):94-103] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.15

Keywords: Fault tree analysis, aluminum resurrection, risk, electric shock

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A Class of Exact Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equation in Porous Medium

Murad Ullah^1*, S. Islam², M. K. Alam³, Tariq Rahim³, Muneeb Ur Rehman¹, A. M. Siddiqui⁴

¹Department of Mathematics, Islamia College (Charted University), Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.

²Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan.

³Department of Mathematics,National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.

⁴Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State University, York Campus,

1031 Edgecombe Avenue, New York, PA 17403, USA

*Telephone# +92-313-9911358, Email: muradullah90@yahoo.com

muradullah90@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to find the exact solutions of three dimensional incompressible, unsteady viscous fluids in porous medium. This flow field represents several shear layers imposed on an irrotational, three dimensional straining flow. A class of exact solutions of the Navier Stokes equations is obtained for a general initial condition through porous medium.

[Murad Ullah, S. Islam, M. K. Alam, Tariq Rahim, Muneeb Ur Rehman, A. M. Siddiqu. A Class of Exact Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equation in Porous Medium. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):104-109] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.16

Keywords: Exact solutions, Vorticity, porosity, Navier-Stokes equations.

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The Test Anxiety Forecasting based on Cognitive Distortions and Irrational Beliefs

Nasrolah Erfani, Mozhgan soheili, Mahnaz Ahmadkhani

1: Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, I.R. of Iran

2: Department of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran (Corresponding Author)

3: Department of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran

Soheilimozhgan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Test anxiety as a common and important phenomenon of public education is closely related to general anxiety or stress, however, it has have certain traits and characteristics that make it distinct from general anxiety. It this paper, we investigate relationship between cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs from one hand and test anxiety of students in other hand. Statistical population of this study consisted of first grade female students of public high school of in Hamadan city at academic year of 2011-2012 that found to be 15400 students. The results showed that, there is a direct relationship between students' test anxiety and cognitive distortions as well as irrational beliefs. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between students' cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs. Results also suggest that, based on cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs, students’ test anxiety could be predicted. Therefore, by adding some courses in schools to teach students the methods of better thinking, we could take an important step toward improving welfare and individual and public health.

[Nasrolah Erfani, Mozhgan soheili, Mahnaz Ahmadkhani. The Test Anxiety Forecasting based on Cognitive Distortions and Irrational Beliefs. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):110-115] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.17

Keywords: anxiety, cognitive distortions, irrational beliefs, Hamadan, test.

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Effect of Self Differentiation Training on Women's Marital Conflict Reduction

Nahid Khorami Nejad¹ (Corresponding author), Mostafa Tabrizi², Ghodsi Ahghar³

^1. MSc of Advisory, Department of Advisory, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University (ATU), Iran

^3. Faculty member (Associate Professor) of research institute for educational, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Daily increase of marital conflict and the risk of separation and also its negative impact on mental health of spouses and their children caused that psychologists and therapists provide theories and plans for conflicted couples. One of these theories is systematic theory of Murray Bowen which provided based on Self differentiation training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Self differentiation training on women marital conflict reduction. The study society included all women referred to a local health home in Tehran in 2011. 30 patients were selected using simple random sampling and then divided in two equal groups. One group was considered as experimental group and second group was considered as control group. In this paper, Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) with an average reliability of %86 was used. Information obtained by using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and between groups was analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results of the study hypothesis that their training distinguish the loss subscales Marital Conflict (including reducing work loss, sex, increasing reaction emotional increased support children and raise concerning personal with your relatives and reduction of effective T declined relationship wife relatives and friends family finance apart from each other) was significant Couples (P< 0/005) and enjoys relative stability over time.

[Nahid Khorami Nejad, Mostafa Tabrizi, Ghodsi Ahghar. Effect of Self Differentiation Training on Women's Marital Conflict Reduction. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):116-122] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.18

Keywords: Self differentiation training, marital conflicts, Health Center

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A Study of Relationship between Accruals and Managerial Operating Decisions over Firm Life Cycle among Listed Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange

Vahideh Jouyban

Young Researchers Club, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

Corresponding author Email: jouyban_88@yahoo.com

Abstract: The link between accruals and managerial operating decisions over firms’ life cycles was examined in 1,880 firm-year (235 firms in 8 years) in 2011 among the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period 2002 to 2009 using backward multiple linear regression (BMLR) on modified accruals as criterion variable and performance as predictor. SPSS was used to analyze the regression of total modified accruals. Among the performance variables (capital expenditure, cash flow from operating activities (CFO) and cash flow from financing activities (CFF), firm age, and cost of goods sold (CGS)), firm age and CGS were not significantly related to accruals in any stage of firm’s life cycle while a significant relationship was found between the rest of the variables (capital expenditures, variation in revenue, CFO, and CFF) and accruals.

[Vahideh Jouyban. A Study of Relationship between Accruals and Managerial Operating Decisions over Firm Life Cycle among Listed Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):123-127] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.19

Keywords: Accruals; Performance Variables; Firm Life Cycle; Startup (Fast Growth); Consolidation (Slow Growth); Mature; Declining; Declined

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A Study of the Relationship between Managerial Operating Decisions by Firms Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over Firm Life Cycle

Vahideh Jouyban

Young Researchers Club, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

Corresponding author Email: jouyban_88@yahoo.com

Abstract: The link between the mean values of the variables representing managerial operating decisions over firms’ life cycles was examined in 1,880 firm-year (235 firms in 8 years) in 2011 among the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period 2002 to 2009 using analysis of variance (ANOVA). After performing required normalization over life cycles, SPSS was used to analyze the data. Among the operational variables utilized by managers (capital expenditure, variation in income, cash flow from operating activities (CFO), cash flow from financing activities (CFF), firm age, and cost of goods sold (CGS)), a significant relationship was observed in average firm age over life cycle while other variables (capital expenditure, variation in income, CFO, and CFF) had no significant relationship over the firm’s life cycle.

[Vahideh Jouyban. A Study of the Relationship between Managerial Operating Decisions by Firms Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over Firm Life Cycle. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):128-132] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.20

Keywords: Managerial Operating Decisions; Capital Expenditure; Variation in Income; Cash Flow from Operating Activities (CFO); Cash Flow from Financing Activities (CFF); Firm Age; Cost of Goods Sold (CGS).

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Torque Ripple Minimization in Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy Technique

Pandian A¹ and Dhanasekaran R²

^1. Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Angel College of Engineering and Technology, Tirupur -641665, Tamil Nadu, India. pands_2@yahoo.com

^2. Research Director and Professor, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram -623502, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: In this paper presents the new approach of DTC by Fuzzy technique to reduce the torque ripples. It consists of Induction Motors and a Three-Level IGBT inverter with the fuzzy based PI controller. Thus the fuzzy control should need the efficient possible rules. Fuzzy based controllers develop a control signal which yields on the firing of the rule base, these rules are fired which is random in nature and the rule for speed regulation. This becomes an integrated method of approach for the control purposes and achieves the reduction of torque ripple. The simulation results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of the method developed and has got faster response time or settling times.

[Pandian. A, Dhanasekaran. R. Torque Ripple Minimization in Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy Technique. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):133-139] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.21

Keywords: Direct Torque Control (DTC), Fuzzy Controller, Induction Motor, Space Vector Modulation, Stator Flux, Three-Level Inverter.

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General Health and Its Related Factors in Postmenopausal Women

Kiani, Fathema, Arbabisarjou, Azizollah (PhD) (Corresponding author)

 Faculty Member, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Faculty Member, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

 Email: arbabisarjou2007@gmail.com

Abstract: Since health promotion is one of the most important pillars of community development, studies have shown that women's health has an impact on other family members and society. Thus it is important to survey the mental health status of women. One of the critical stages in life is the menopause because it is inevitable it is important to know women’s health status in this stage. The purpose of this study was survey of general health and its related factors in postmenopausal women. This is across-sectional analytic study in which all qualified postmenopausal women were selected. For example, regarding geographical areas of the city and its divisions, ten health centers in different areas of it were chosen total number of samples were calculated 323 which were done based on population covered by each health centers. The General Health Questionnaire with 28 items (GHQ-28) was used. SPSS version 17.0 was applied for data analyzing. Results: Based on study results, the average level of general health in women was estimated at 33.8 and general health scores in different areas as follows: social performance (9.9), physical health (9.8), anxiety (8.4) and depression (5.7). The mean score for general health, age, educational level, history of drug abuse of showed a statistically significant correlation (p <0.05). Results showed that general health status of women is not good and since women are considered as the center of family, more attention should be paid to this group. Some solution about this problem is presented in the article.

[Kiani, Fathema, Arbabisarjou, Azizollah. General Health and Its Related Factors in Postmenopausal Women. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):140-144] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.22

Keywords: general health, postmenopausal women

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Evaluating the Effective Factors on Customer Satisfaction from the Bank’s Customers Viewpoint Using Improved Kano Model

Soleyman Iranzadeh¹ (corresponding author)^, Morteza Khodakhah Amlashi²

¹Associate Professor, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, E-mail: Dr.iranzadeh@yahoo.com

²Ph.D. Student in Management, Department of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, E-mail: morteza_khodakhah@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays, the results of researches indicate that satisfaction of customers is the most effective way to increase the benefit. If banks can not attain the customer's satisfaction, they will not survive. Considering that most useful and proper strategies for banks are customer-based strategies, this research attempt to investigate the effective factors on customer satisfaction from the customer viewpoint using library studies and internet sources and also field studies by Kano optimized model. Based on the results of research, in attractive quality section, judgment of friend about service quality and presenting financial consultation to the costumers had the highest priority. In the section of performance quality, waiting time in the queue and adorned appearance of personnel of the bank had the highest priority, in basic quality section, enough space of branch and ability to check the account by internet had the highest priority and in the section of indifference quality, attractiveness of the advertisement in newspapers had highest priority.

[Iranzadeh S, Khodakhah M. Evaluating the Effective Factors on Customer Satisfaction from the Bank’s Customers Viewpoint Using Improved Kano Model. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):145-150] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.23

Keywords: Customer satisfaction, Basic quality, Performance quality, Attractive quality, Indifference quality, Kano model

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Time of bean sowing time related to marigold in different intercropping systems could be increase their yields

Majid Najari Sadeghi, Bahram Mirshekari, Sahar Baser Kouchebagh, Shirin Al

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: In order to study effect of sowing date and planting pattern on yield of marigold and bean in intercropping systems a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2011. The studied treatments were sowing date of bean related to marigold (10 days earlier, simultaneously and 10 days after than marigold), marigold varieties (kampar and porpar), planting patterns of marigold-bean (3:3 as strip intercropping, 1:1 as row intercropping and sole-cropping of both crops). 100 seeds weight of bean ranged from 37 g in earlier sowing of bean than marigold, porpar variety as row intercropping up to 46.4 g in bean sole-cropping. Yield reduction values in treatments of bean earlier cropped related to marigold cv. kampar as strip intercropping and bean delayed intercropped to marigold cv. porpar as row intercropping were 56% and 44%, respectively, compared to the control. In both varieties with delayed cropping of bean related to marigold essential oil yield increased, significantly. Bean-marigold intercropping led to significant reduction in weeds biomass. When bean intercropped simultaneously or 10 days after marigold varieties, LER were ˃1. Simultaneous or delayed intercropping of bean with marigold by farmers could be recommended.

[Majid Najari Sadeghi, Bahram Mirshekari, Sahar Baser Kouchebagh, Shirin Al. Time of bean sowing time related to marigold in different intercropping systems could be increase their yields. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):151-155] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.24

Key words: LER, Essential oil yield, Variety, Yield reduction.

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Pathology of human resources by the aim of improvement and development based on three branched model

¹Soleyman Iranzadeh(corresponding author), ²Sadegh Babaei Heravi

¹Department of management, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

²Young Researchers Club, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract: The subject of change, evolution and organizational improvement is inevitable necessities of modern organizations. And the first step in performing of evolution management is finding incident and diagnosis. This research is refered to human resource diagnosis in the aim of improvement and development on the base of three-branch model in Tabriz petrochemical complex. For this case four hypothesizes were formulated and examined. Desired research method was descriptive-finding field in this case according to finite population formula for qualities data from 485 people of population 80 people were found as sample, that 110 standard questionnaires according to stratified sampling method were distributed among personnel that 105 of them were returned. Table, charts, and indexes were used for descriptive analysis "T" test and Friedman test were used for inferential analysis. From result of research were specified that structural factors, behavioral factors, and field factors have descriptive role in human resource diagnosis in Tabriz petrochemical complex.

[Soleyman Iranzadeh, Sadegh Babaei Heravi. Pathology of human resources by the aim of improvement and development based on three branched model. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):156-164] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.25

Keywords: organizational diagnosis, organizational improvement, structural factor, behavioral factor, field factor

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Evaluation the postmortem diagnostic accuracy of needle necropsy in comparison with conventional autopsy in heart and lungs samples of the cadaver

Masoud Ghadipasha¹, Mohammad-reza Karami-shahrokhi², Bahram Samadi-rad³*, Yashar Hashemi-aghdam⁴, Mohammad Zare-nezhad⁵, Arya Hedjazi⁶, Amirmohammad Kazemifar⁷, Jaber Gharedaghi⁸

¹Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

²Pathologist, Legal Medicine Organization, Kerman, Iran

³Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

 ⁴MD, Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁵Member of Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

⁶Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

⁷Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicines, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

⁸Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Bahram Samadi-rad; E-mail: Dr_samadirad@msn.com

Abstract: Introduction: An autopsy includes a detailed external examination as well as dissection of organs from the different body cavities –cranial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic. Needle necropsy is a method in which different tissue samples are taken from body after death without skin incision, opening the chest and abdomen or making any disfiguration in body. We tried to evaluate the reliability of needle necropsy and concordance between postmortem diagnostic accuracy of needle necropsy and conventional autopsy in cadavers. Material and Methods: In a cross sectional study, we studied the samples that were taken from different organs of 100 cadavers like heart and lungs with conventional open biopsy and needle necropsy in The Legal Medicine Organization of Kerman in Iran from 2009-2011. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. Results: In Heart samples, the sensitivity and PPV of needle necropsy was 100% in Congestion, Acute MI, Autolysis and Carditis diagnosis, but the accuracy was 0% in diagnosis of CAD and Valvular Diseases. In 31 cases there were no heart diseases, in which PPV was 91.2% in needle necropsy.In lung samples there was high rate of sensitivity and concordance in diagnosis of the problems like pulmonary hypertension, autolysis, anthracosis and pulmonary edema in needle biopsy, but these rates were lower in ARDS diagnosis. In 11 cases there was no lung disease, in which PPV was 84.1%. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, results of needle necropsy is reliable enough in the cases with generalized involvement of the organ, but it is not sufficient in the focal involvements which are located in limited anatomical positions; like coronary artery diseases and valvular heart diseases. This study showed that the sensitivity rate and concordance rate of needle necropsy and conventional open biopsy are similar to each other and are reliable for diagnosing.

[Masoud Ghadipasha, Mohammad-reza Karami-shahrokhi, Bahram Samadi-rad, Yashar Hashemi-aghdam, Mohammad Zare-nezhad, Arya Hedjazi, Amirmohammad Kazemifar, Jaber Gharedaghi. Evaluation the postmortem diagnostic accuracy of needle necropsy in comparison with conventional autopsy in heart and lungs samples of the cadaver. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):165-169] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.26

Key words: Autopsy, Needle necropsy, Cadavers

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Review of the capacity of sports marketing and related factors in order to increase financial resources and development of sports fields with emphasis on martial arts

Amir Ghiami Rad (PhD)¹, Jafar Barghi Moghadam (PhD)², Mir Hamid Salehian ³, Asgar Zolfagari⁴

Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

amirgiami@yahoo.com; mh_salehian@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study reviews the capacity of sports marketing and Factors to increase its financial resources and development of sports fields with emphasis on martial arts. The form of statistical study of field sports Managers Association of Karate, Taekwondo and Wushu, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department media related of exercise that were about 77 people. Research sample included 40 that were selected sampling choice. Research survey that collected data for the researcher-designed questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the polls was used (α =0.79). Research data for analysis of the Pearson correlation test was used for multivariate Regression. The results also identify potential marketing of sport martial arts, the share of each factor in the development of sports marketing and promotion of sports fields (with emphasis on martial arts) in the country to identify.

[Amir Ghiami Rad, Jafar Barghi Moghadam, Mir Hamid Salehian, Asgar Zolfagari. Review of the capacity of sports marketing and related factors in order to increase financial resources and development of sports fields with emphasis on martial arts. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):170-176] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.27

Keyword: Sport Marketing, Sport tourism, factors, affecting capacity development sports marketing, senior managers

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The Relationship of Self-Regulated Learning and Motivational Learning Strategies with Intermediate EFL Learners' Achievement

Omid Tabatabaei¹, Golnaz Arjmand²

1.Assistant professor, English Department, Najafabad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Tabatabaeiomid@yahoo.com

2. MA student, English Department, Najafabad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad,

Iran, Arjmand.g2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent the Iranian L2 learners make use of motivational and self-regulated learning strategies and also the relationships between motivational beliefs, self-regulation strategies use, and L2 learning achievement are as the major focus of this study. The statistical population of this study consisted of 70 EFL learners who were selected regarding to their proficiency level after running Oxford Placement Test. The measurement tools of this study were Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) developed by Pintrich (1990), which used to determine the L2 learners’ motivational level. Self-Regulated Learning Strategies (SRLS) questionnaire developed by Zimmerman and Pones (1988) was run to reveal L2 learners’ behavior toward these strategies. The internal reliability of the questionnaires was also obtained (0.87) for SRLS questionnaire and (0.83) for MSL questionnaire with using alpha Cronbach test. In addition to the questionnaires, a semi-structured interview was held to deepen the results gained through the questionnaires. The collected data based on the two questionnaires were analyzed through frequency tables and the percentages of learners’ responses, and correlated with the participants’ final exams scores through Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The findings of the study revealed that the participants in the current study were high motivational strategies users whereas, low performers at employing self-regulation strategies. These findings are directly related to students’ weakness in employing self-regulated learning strategies which points to the fact that motivation as a component is necessary for making progress in learning but by no means is sufficient by itself.

[Omid Tabatabaei, Golnaz Arjmand. The Relationship of Self-Regulated Learning and Motivational Learning Strategies with Intermediate EFL Learners' Achievement. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):177-181] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.28

Key Terms: Iranian Intermediate L2 Learners, Motivational Learning Strategies (MLS), Self-Regulated Learning Strategies (SRLS), Cognitive learning strategies, Metacognitive awareness, Metacognitive regulation 

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Yield loss by weeds interference can be predicted by empirical models: Case study: Marigold-lambsquarters interspecific competition

Bahram Mirshekari^*, Sahar Baser, Shirin Allahyari, Nayer Hamedanlu

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^*Corresponding author: Mirshekari@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: Marigold (Calendula officinalis) is a poor competitive plant against weeds especially during the earlier growth period and its production in Iran relies heavily on herbicides to control weeds. In order to modeling of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) competition in marigold field an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 at Tabriz, Iran, with lambsquaters densities; (2, 4 and 6 plants/meter of row) and its emergence times (simultaneously with marigold, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop emergence (DAE). Reduction in crop height due to weed interference were 1.5, 8.1 and 10.5 cm for D₁, D₂, D₃, whereas, 8.3, 8.4, 5.4 and 4.8 cm for I₁, I₂, I₃ and I₄, respectively, in compared with control. Crop LAI reduced equally 174 cm² per each day delay in weed emergence time. Marigold could tolerate the effect of two weeds per meter of row at 10 DAE without any significant reduction in yield. Values of mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error were calculated to be +0.1, 13.59 and 3.1%, respectively. It was concluded that the model of Cousens et al. was the best description for the yield of marigold at interference with lambsquarters.

[Bahram Mirshekari, Sahar Baser, Shirin Allahyari, Nayer Hamedanlu. Yield loss by weeds interference can be predicted by empirical models: Case study: Marigold-lambsquarters interspecific competition. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):182-184] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.29

Key words: Crop height, Modeling, Weed competition.

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Planting pattern could increase competitive power in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars at interference with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Hossein Bakhshkandi¹, Bahram Mirshekari*¹, Adel Pedram², Esmail Alizadeh²

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

²Research Center of Urmia, Iran

* Corresponding author: Mirashekari@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: Producing high yielding sugar beets of superb quality is the goal of all sugar beet growers. In order to evaluation of effects of redroot pigweed density and planting pattern on some physiological and agronomical characteristics in two sugar beet cultivars a factorial field experiment was conducted during 2012 based on RCBD at the Research Station of Salmas, East Azerbaijan, Iran. The studied treatments were redroot pigweed densities (0, 4, 8 and 12 plants per meter row), planting patterns (zigzag and linear) and sugar beet cultivars (Jolgeh and Shirin). Planting pattern of zigzag was higher effective than linear pattern on sugar beet LAI, and in linear pattern crop LAI reduced 57 cm² per square meter. When crop grew along with 12 weed plants per meter row, its LAI reduced from 712 cm² in weed-free plots up to 308 cm². Jolgeh cultivar in zigzag cropping method had the highest green cover (80.5%), but Shirin cultivar experienced significant reduction in green cover as grew in linear pattern. Green cover percentage of redroot pigweed in Jolgeh variety×zigzag pattern was the lowest (11.3%) as compared to the treatment of Shirin variety×linear pattern (21.9%). Sugar beet above-ground biomass in zigzag pattern was greater than linear pattern; and Jolgeh variety was more effective than Shirin variety. Root yield in full-season interference of 12 weed plants per meter row was 66 kg/ha when each weed plant removed from plots. Sugar percentage reduced nearly 0.15% per weed plant increasing. In conclusion we recommend zigzag planting pattern of sugar beet Jolgeh variety, to reduce weed competition and increase yield in semi-arid region. The stepwise regression analysis verified that the crop LAI and biomass had a marked increasing effect on the root yield of sugar beet.

[Hossein Bakhshkandi, Bahram Mirshekari, Adel Pedram, Esmail Alizadeh. Planting pattern could increase competitive power in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars at interference with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):185-188] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.30

Key words: Above-ground biomass, Stepwise regression, Weed competition.

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The place of thought and thinking in Qur’an

Dr. Sayed Taghi Kabiri

Department of Theology, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran

Kabiri_st@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the specific priorities of man in comparison with other creatures is intellection and thought. Noble Qur’an, as an original and necessary source, confirms this essential point and enforces the importance and necessity of thought. The existence of this special favor of Allah namely thinking, thought and reasoning, is assumed as an important and necessary issue everywhere in individual and social life of human, including practical and theoretical discussions, religious and theological duties even in countering Qur’an verses. This research aims to demonstrate the place and importance of thought and thinking with relying on Qur’anic verses and to discuss its extension in all levels of human life.

[Sayed Taghi Kabiri. The place of thought and thinking in Qur’an. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):189-193] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.31

Key words: Qur’an, thought, intellection.

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Problem called the urban marginalization

Ali Zeynali Azim^1*, Shohreh Bagherzadeh kasiri ²

1. Department of Architecture, Osku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Osku, Iran

2. Department of Architecture, Osku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Osku, Iran

Abstract: Today, urban expansion and consequently large cities expanded and has created many problems. Urbanization and rapid growth of the country's political economy issues are rooted in human ecology. In studies on human ecology of rural misery and consequent migration of the major villages of urban growth in the third world states. So one of very important factors in inharmonious development of cities, especially in the metropolises of in developing countries, is the problems of marginalization. Marginalization development in metropolises causes undesirable effects on the human environment. This study is related to suburb residence definition, suburb residence characteristics and causes of suburb residence emersion and finally reached a conclusion and summary. It is hoped that countries considering the issue of suburb residence in the planning and development of margin areas achieve to proper development of cities. The main aim of this paper is to explain the exact meaning of marginalization in cities. [Zeynali Azim A, Bagherzadeh kasiri Sh. The Problem called the urban marginalization. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):194-197] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.32

Key words: Marginalization, Urban, Emigration, Community

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Visualizing the affected areas of Nowshera, Pakistan under the transparent flood shapefile using GIS

Gul Afzal Khan¹, Sher Afzal Khan²

¹College of Aeronautical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

²Department of Computer sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

gafzal@cae.nust.edu.pk

Abstract: The flood is the most dangerous and destructive natural disaster in the world. It can cause injuries, loss of lives, damage to: property, roads, railways line and infrastructure. The most difficult phase to identify the affected areas through field observation. In this research we use GIS based approach to identify the affected areas of flood and produce a map to display affected areas. This is used to identify the undation area and make a prediction in future. We apply our approach to heavy flood on the Indus river along the area of Nowshera, Pakistan which was badely affected by flood in August, 2010. In our approach we use GIS tool to apply NDVI algorithm to extract water body from satellite image further produce a shapefiles of flood water from NDVI image and shapefile of river from base map Imagery. Bothe shapefile make transparent and overlap on base map imagery to identify the affected areas [Khan GA, Khan SA. Visualizing the affected areas of Nowshera, Pakistan under the transparent flood shapefile. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):198-203] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.33

.

Keywords: Flood prediction, field observation, GIS, transparent flood shape file

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Survey role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on innovation as One of the component of knowledge based development

* Zeinolabedin Rahmani, PHD, ** Majid Amouzad Khalili

* Faculty member of Payame noor University, Iran; Email: p_z_rahmani@yahoo.com

** Master of public administration, Payame noor university, Iran (corresponding author); Email: Ayandehsaz.40@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper,we studied the influence of information & communication technology on creation and innovation that leads to national production in complex environments and it's as an infrastructural component of knowledge-based development. Whereas today the busy and unpredictable environment with variety of rapid changes exists in all parts of society and definitely Iran is not an exception, and beside that because of shortening of the world or universalizing of all parts specifically in culture and economic, and severe competition at usage of science and technology and actualizing of them, there is the need of creation and innovation and having wise and intellectual people for preparing national production and increasing knowledge more than before in modern world that part of this important thing realizes from modern information and communication. Whereas today, index of evaluation of countries is based on technology and creation and not only GNP, we can nominate that a country is advanced and developed if it has higher mental and cultural power. This case is made of wise people thoughts that are living in our home. So, the researcher studied the influence of information technology on creation and innovation in a surveying way as one of the most important indexes of national production. Meanwhile the definition and importance and studying the ICT indexes, the influence of them on creation indexes is measured. Technology indexes are in three aspects of period and measure of usage, motivation and goal, and partnership as independent variables and creation and innovation as dependent variables with two indexes of creation of new knowledge and increasing the wisdom. In fact in this paper is answered to this question that if information and communication technology in Iran society can cause creation and innovation as one of the components of national production or not? After sampling, the statistical analyses were done and good results were achieved that among them we can mention that one important part for investment in creation and innovation is investing in modern information technologies that can lead to national production and we shouldn't be frightened from its harms, because its advantages is much more than its harms, but its harms should be recognized.

[Zeinolabedin Rahmani, Majid Amouzad Khalili. Survey role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on innovation as One of the component of knowledge based development. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):204-212] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.34

Kay words: information and communication technology(ICT), innovation, knowledge

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The relationship between presence of a CKO (Chief Knowledge Officer) and organizational justice perception (case study in state universities in Iran)

¹Behnam Neysari, ²Leila Hooshmand, ³Zahra Hooshmand

¹Accounting Undergraduate, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, IRAN

²University of Tehran, IRAN

³Allamme Tabatabai University, Tehran, IRAN

¹behnamneysari@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study is primarily conducted to analyze the relationship between organizational justice and presence of a CKO in state universities in Iran. Although a number of studies were donated to organizational justice and Knowledge management separately, to our knowledge there has been a few studies on the relationship between these two keys for organizational success. So authors, with respect to their prior researches, decided to extend the boundaries of management by conducting a study on the relationships between the presence of a CKO and organizational justice, so that it could help organizations understand the value of knowledge management and presence of CKOs.

[Behnam Neysari, Leila Hooshmand, Zahra Hooshmand. The relationship between presence of a CKO (Chief Knowledge Officer) and organizational justice perception (case study in state universities in Iran). Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):213-218] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.35

 Keywords: CKO, Distributive justice, Interactional justice, Organizational justice, Procedural justice.

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Agroecological parameters of Iranian rice genotypes in modified systems

S. Dastan ¹, Gh. Noormohamadi¹, H. Madani², H. R. Mobasser³, M. Sam Daliri⁴

^1. Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ^2.Department of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

^3. Department of Agronomy, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

^4. Department of Agronomy, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.

Corresponding Author: sdastan@srbiau.ac.ir

Abstract: In order to investigate agroecological parameters of Iranian rice genotypes in modified systems, an experiment was carried out as split plot in randomized complete blocks design based four replications at Neka, Mazandaran, Iran in 2011 and 2012. Planting systems were chosen as main plots (Conventional, Improved and SRI or System of Rice Intensification) and genotypes as sub plots (Tall plant: Sang Tarom and Hashemi Tarom; Short plant: Neda and Shiroodi). The results showed the least number of days to start of tillering, day number to initial heading, days number to 50% flowering, days number to full heading and days number to physiological maturity were obtained in SRI and improved system. Therefore, the highest grain yield 6412 kg/ha was produced in SRI. The highest grain yield equivalent to 7272 and 7315 kg/ha because of dwarf plant and short of source and sink distance was observed for var. Neda and Shiroodi. The minimum days number to physiological maturity days was observed at interaction of SRI and improved system with var. Tarom Hashemi. The highest grain was produced at interaction of SRI with var. Neda. Therefore, SRI was the soutable for rice genotypes in this location.

[S. Dastan, Gh. Noormohamadi, H. Madani, H. R. Mobasser, M. Sam Daliri. Agroecological parameters of Iranian rice genotypes in modified systems. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):219-224] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.36

Key words: Growth period, SRI, cropping system, grain yield, Rice.

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The effect of mindfulness techniques training on anxiety and sport performance among table tennis players

 Ali Ojaghi ^1*, Hossein GHolizade ², Lamia mirheidari ³

^1.Department of Physical education, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

^2. phd student of counselling

^3. Department of Physical education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Email: a_ojagi2005@yahoo.com, hossein.gholizade@yahoo.com, lamiamirhaidari@yahoo.com

Tel: +98- 09102911161

Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of mass consciousness on anxiety and sports performance training techniques table tennis players. The study sample consisted Table tennis players of all adults in the East Azerbaijan province of professional in one of the clubs in the Premier League or First Division were active. Of those 40 players, for example, the way the sample was selected, the 20 patients randomized to the control group. And 20 patients in the experimental group were replaced. Competitive State Anxiety was used questionnaire for data collection (CSAI) and universal consciousness Assessment Scale (MAAS). For data analysis was used, analysis of covariance-way (ANCOVA). The results showed that the test group, universal consciousness training, sports performance tennis player stop be significant (20/22 = F; 001/0> p) increases. Subs quant findings showed that over all awareness of education anxiety was reduced in the experimental group significantly (74/7 = F; 001/0> p). Finally, the findings suggest that the wide pried awareness training techniques, variable rates-the process of change was found a significant increase (12/16 = F; 001/0> p).

[Ali Ojaghi, Hossein G Holizade, Lamia mirheidari. The effect of mindfulness techniques training on anxiety and sport performance among table tennis players. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):225-230] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.37

Keywords: sports performance, anxiety, global awareness.

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Effect of PETTLEP Imagery Training on Learning of New Skills in Novice Volleyball Players

Mohsen Afrouzeh^1*, Mehdi Sohrabi², Hamid Reza Taheri Torbati², Farshad Gorgin³, Cliff Mallett⁴

1. Ferdowsi University of mashhad, International Branch, Mashhad-Iran

2. Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad-Iran

3. Section of Physical Education &Sport Science, Islamic Azad University Jahrom's Branch, Jahrom, Iran

4. School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Australia

M_Afrozeh@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This study conducted to compare the effects of (a) physical practice with PETTLEP-based (Physical, Environmental, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion and Perspective; Holmes & Collins, 2001) imagery, and (b) physical practice with traditional imagery interventions, on new skill learning in novice volleyball players. Thirty six novice male volleyball players (M_age = 13.2 years, SD = 0.53 years) with 6-8 months practice experience were randomly assigned to one of three groups: physical practice + PETTLEP imagery (n = 12), physical practice + traditional imagery (n = 12), and physical practice only (control group; n = 12). Participants in the PETTLEP imagery group applied the seven components of PETTLEP imagery training ; whereas participants in the traditional imagery group engaged in a relaxation session before imagery and used response laden motor imagery scripts. The two groups completed 15 minutes of imagery training followed immediately by thirteen minutes of “passing” practice three times per week. The control group completed only thirteen minutes of “passing” practice three times per week. Each group performed their respective tasks for seven weeks. A pre-test took place during the first practice session in which “passing” was assessed. After the seven-week practice program, a post-test took place followed by a retention test, one “no-practice” week later. All groups improved significantly (p < 0.05) from pre- to post-test and retention test. Nevertheless, as hypothesised the PETTLEP group improved more (p < 0.05) than the traditional imagery and physical practice groups. The findings, therefore, support the effectiveness of PETTLEP in enhancing learning and performance of new skill when combined with physical practice.

[Mohsen Afrouzeh, Mehdi Sohrabi, Hamid Reza Taheri Torbati, Farshad Gorgin, Cliff Mallett. Effect of PETTLEP Imagery Training on Learning of New Skills in Novice Volleyball Players. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):231-238] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.38

Key words: functional equivalence, kinaesthetic imagery intervention, learning and performance.

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Comparison of Folklore Culture in Nizamie’s Khosrow and Shirin and Armenian Literature

Giti Faraji

Department of Literature, Varamin Pishva Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran

Alimohammad Poshtdar, Lecturer of Payame Nor University of South Tehran Center

Donyaf1388@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study tries to deal with a comparative consideration of folklore culture, which is the set of cultural knowledge and behaviors as well as beliefs of common people getting emergence in various manifestations as contemporary poem, in Nizamie’s Khosrow and Shirin and Armenian Literatre. For doing so, it deals with definition of comparative literature and its role in understanding nation’s cultures, introducing Khosrow and Shirin and considering its folklore cultural elements as well as Armenian folklore culture elements. Then it explores the cultural similarities in Khosrow and Shirin and Armenian folklore culture, distinct between the folklore culture element in the Armenian and Iranian nations are the central points. Hopefully, it provides the background of understanding the two nations and great civilizations.

[Giti Faraji. Comparison of Folklore Culture in Nizamie’s Khosrow and Shirin and Armenian Literature. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):239-244] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.39

Keywords: Armenian Folklore literature, Comparative Literature, Folklore Literature, Khosrow and Shirin, Nizami

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Design and Suggestion a Model by Use Value Engineering to Evaluate the Risk Engineering of Cost Reduction and Quality Increasing for Development of Effective Management of Project

Ali Ansari¹, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri² and Freidoon Shirvani³

 ¹M.Sc Student, Department of Civil Engineering- Construction Management, Shoushtar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

²Department of Art and Architecture, Rudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran

³Department of Civil Engineering, Shoushtar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

 Corresponding Author: shahri.abbaszadeh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to compare the true concept of value engineering with what practitioners perceive as value engineering and its application in the construction industry. The present paper aims to introduce a new generated C# code provides guidelines for establishing and managing a value engineering program and defines the procedure for the application of value and risk engineering techniques within Company. This code is capable and applicable to public buildings service projects under the technical direction of the regional design and construction divisions. To validate and verify the generated code a case study was investigated. This comparison is established through the research of various books, technical papers and publications for determining and outlining the formal concept of value engineering. The obtained results of the generated code in this study shows good and acceptable agreement with previous have done. Value engineering has potential to explore the opportunities it can bring to the engineer in meeting the changing needs of clients with particular emphasis on the critical design phase.

[Ali Ansari, Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri and Freidoon Shirvani. Design and Suggestion a Model by Use Value Engineering to Evaluate the Risk Engineering of Cost Reduction and Quality Increasing for Development of Effective Management of Project. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):245-252]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.40

Keywords: value engineering, risk analysis, C# computer code

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Septic B-Spline Collocation method for numerical solution of the Equal Width Wave (EW) equation

¹Fazal-i-Haq, ²Inayat Ali shah and ³Shakeel Ahmad

¹Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan

²Department of Mathematics, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

³ Department of Mathematics, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Evaluation of change stages of transtheoretical model (TTM) among college student to milk consumption

Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef

Department of Nursing, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Co-responding Author email: farhadie_1967@yahoo.com

Abstract: The transtheoritical model (TTM) provides an integrative framework for understanding process involved in dietary behavior change. During last few decades, soft drink consumption has steadily increased while milk intake has decreased. Excess consumption of soft drinks and low milk intake may pose risks of several diseases such as dental caries, obesity, and osteoporosis. Although beverage consumption habits form during young adulthood, which has a strong impact on beverage choices in later life. The aim of this study was to determine and Comparison of stages of transtheoretical model (TTM) among nursing and art student to milk consumption. A significantly higher percentage of nursing than art students self-classified in the action- maintenance stages (17% versus 12%, P = 0.016); also a significantly higher percentage of art than nursing students self-classified in the pre contemplation -contemplation-preparation stage (88% versus 83%, P = 0.015)according Mann-Whitney U test.

[Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef. Evaluation of change stages of transtheoretical model (TTM) among college student to milk consumption. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):261-264] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.42

Key word: trans theoretical model, change stages, milk consumption, students.

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[Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):270-277] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

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The exposition of the theory of the Trans- substantial motion in the Transcendent philosophy and its educational implications for Iranian educational system improvement

Maryam Seif Naraghi¹, Bagher Sardary Gherdeh² (Corresponding author)

^1. Department of educational philosophy, Science Tehran and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

 ^2. Ph.D. student of educational philosophy, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: This research aims to clarify the theory of the Trans – substantial motion from Mull asadra’s point of view and induct its implications in both objectives and educational principle. This is an application research and has been done in a descriptive – analytic way. Data is collected through the study of documents, proofs, and takingnotes and fiches from the sources. In the analysis of data, first we have described the theory of Trans – substantial motion, and then we’ve inducted the educational objectives and doctrine from this theory. Findings signify that this theory has been established on two important philosophical basis (which is one of Mullasadra’s novations) namely principality of existence and Gradation of existence. The whole Corporality and human are in motion, in their essence and different levels of existence, and Cover their evolution. This theory implicates a special form of objectives, doctrine and educational methods which have been discussed in this article.

[Maryam Seif Naraghi, Bagher Sardary Gherdeh. The exposition of the theory of the Trans- substantial motion in the Transcendent philosophy and its educational implications for Iranian educational system improvement. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):278-282] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.45

Keywords: The Trans – substantial motion theory, The Transcendent philosophy, Educational Implications.

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A Survey of the Problems of Historical Texture of Semnan City

Fariborz Yadollahi

Ph.D. Student, National academy of science, Yerevan, Republic of Armania

Abstract: Historical urban texture of Semnan city that has relative centrality in Semnan city is a complete example of Iranian – Islamic city, and in the presence of many valuable buildings such as Soltani mosque, Jame’ mosque, water reservoirs, bath and Bazaar, is like a notebook that manifest predecessors’ instructions in reply to social condition with suitable arrays, even though erosion is as the result of time passing, but carelessness to historical urban texture in Iran has resulted in destruction of old texture, so historical building have sustained a suitable relation – ship to their environment. In this case, inefficient thought about urban texture caused the greatest damage to its frame and its soul and we should look to ancient urban texture as an opportunity (while we recognize its cultural values) in order to while we prevent city destruction, we ascertain historical continuity of city and preservation of city identification and we pay much attention to human-pivoted in historical urban texture of Semnan city that human holds priority in it (not automobile) in order to the best environment that is suitable for attention for the sake of social attendance of whole numbers of society, doesn’t change to an expansion for invasion automobile. In this paper, we have tried to investigate the reasons of capital withdrawal from historical urban texture and to mention its impermeable and we have tried to inspect the compiled norms and standards and the program of advisors and administration’s cultural heritage that have been collected for the purpose of preserving historical urban texture but it is influential in un flourishing historical urban texture.

[Fariborz Yadollahi. A Survey of the Problems of Historical Texture of Semnan City. Life Sci J. 2013;10(1):283-292] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.46

Keywords: PI Iran, Semnan, Bazaar, Mosque

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The role of intellectual capital in value added created for stockholders and companies

Peyman Imanzadeh^1*, Mina Lalepour², Amir porgholi haredasht³

^{1, 2,3}Department of Accounting, Talesh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Talesh, Iran

*pi_imanzade@yahoo.com

Abstract: Maximizing the wealth of stockholders, carrying out moral duties and social responsibilities are among the most important goals of the companies. The intellectual capital of the companies is one of the factors which can have a considerable effect in realizing these goals. On the other hand the innovative changes which are created by economic value added in two fields of financial management and investment is considered to be an internal drive to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of activities. Regarding what was said, the main goal of the present research is to study the coefficient of economic value added of intellectual capital on the performance criteria based on value. The time period for our study is between 2005 and 2010 and our statistical population includes 121 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of testing the research hypotheses approved the positive effect of the coefficient of economic value added of intellectual capital on the criteria creating economic value added in companies.

[Peyman Imanzadeh, Mina lalepour, Rademan Malihi Shoja. The role of intellectual capital in value added created for stockholders and companies. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):293-299] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.47

Keywords: the value created for stockholders, economic value added, Palic's pattern, intellectual capital efficiency

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Child abuse and child punishment by parents from the perspective of Islamic Law

Ali aghalipuor¹, Esa Abedini^2*, Fatemeh karimnejad³

¹Philosophy and theology

²* Lecturer and Member of Education Research Committee Region.

³Faculty of Law

*esaabedini51@yahoo.com

Abstract: Children are the most vulnerable class of society and loving them roots in rationality, personal and social emotions of human beings. Living in family is the first opportunity which prepares the bed for children’s interactions with others. Children have rights in family which are stressed by Holy Lawgivers. Some of these rights are financial, some are emotional ones and some of them are training rights. It is obvious that deliberate deprivation of children from their rights stressed by Holy lawgivers, can be considered as child abuse factors. In our national and religious culture, children are considered as gift from God. Family is responsible for their kindness, care, growing. Main question is that what is child abuse? Which one are its consequences? Finally, we studied the child punishment by parents from Islamic Law perspective.

[Ali aghalipuor, Esa Abedini, Fatemeh karimnejad. Child abuse and child punishment by parents from the perspective of Islamic Law. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):300-304] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.48

Keywords: child abuse, children rights, financial rights, emotional rights

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Clinicopathologic features in oral squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of 98 cases

Farhad Mollashahi. L¹, Risbaf Fakour.S², Honarmand.M^1*, Farhad Mollashahi.N³

^1* Department of oral medicine, faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan university of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran
 ² Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan university of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran

³Department of Endodontics, faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan university of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran

honarmand56@yahoo.com*

Abstract: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and its incidence varies significantly across different geographical regions. Geographical and regional varieties with respect to oral cancer incidence show that the sociocultural aspect of a population’s life style plays an important role in the prevalence of this disease. In this study, clinical and histopathological characteristics along with risk factors associated with oral cancer in patients with OSCC are investigated. Material and methods: In this retrospective study, data about 98 OSCC patients for 2007-2011 period were gathered and analyzed using the archives of Dental college, Khatam ol-Anbia Hospital and a private clinic in Zahedan City, located south-east Iran. Results: Men constituted 66.3% of the patients studied in this research. The patients fell in the age range of 30-83 with a mean of 58.46±12.89. The parts of the mouth mostly prevailed by the disease were tongue in young subjects, and mandibular vestibule and buccal mucosa in older patients. Men used cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (ST) more than women (P=0.002, p<0.001), and people with more than 45 years of age used cigarettes and ST more than younger patients, which showed a statistically significant relation (P=0.049, p<0.001). Conclusion: OSCC is a problem in south-east Iran and the use of STs is introduced as a major risk factor associated with OSCC in people with more than 45 years of age. However, the researchers here did not find any major risk factor in young patients who lacked any oral habits. [Farhad Mollashahi. L, Risbaf Fakour.S, Honarmand.M, Farhad Mollashahi.N³. Clinicopathologic features in oral squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of 98 cases. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):305-309] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.49

Keywords: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epidemiology, Iran

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An Investigation of Similarities and Differences between Economics and Accounting

Masoud Zahedi Avval

Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, Baku, Azerbaijan

Abstract: Economics is the social science that investigates many subjects in production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Accountancy, or accounting, is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. There are some differences and similarities between economics and accounting. The aim of this paper is investigation of differences and similarities between economics and accounting. We have presented these similarities and differences based on prior studies in economic and accounting.

[Masoud Zahedi Avval. An Investigation of Similarities and Differences between Economics and Accounting. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):310-314] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.50

Keywords: Economics, Accounting

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The role of job satisfaction on increasing service quality

Ali PourMahmoudi

Abstract: Due to the positive and direct effect of job satisfaction on the provided services and consequently on organizational profiting, paying attention to the behavior can be a way for enhancing organization effectiveness that was not considered before so much. How to motivate servicemen in organizations that could perform their role and affairs and consequently it could be concluded that the customers have assuredly perceived a highly qualified services is one of the main issues that are faced by customers in providing better services, it enables the organization to maintain their customers as well as obtain new ones. So we attempt to show how job satisfaction can enhance the quality of services.

[Ali PourMahmoudi. The role of job satisfaction on increasing service quality. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):315-319] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.51

Keywords: Job satisfaction, Job enrichment, Job security, Quality of service

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The study of auditing quality effect on earnings management (emphasizing at interim financial statements) evidenced from Iran

Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh¹, Younes Ahmadzade²*, Sahar Habibi³, Mina lalepour⁴ 

¹Ph.D. Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

²*Young Researchers Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^3,4Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

Yunes_ahmsdzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research is going to study the effect of auditing quality on earnings management in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Three criteria of: audit firm size, industry specialization and auditor's tenure were used to measure auditing quality. Also Jones's adjusted model has been used to calculate earnings management. 73 companies during the time period between 2008 and 2010 were investigated. To test the hypotheses we used linear regression model and difference test and the effects of variables were investigated separately because the overall model test created some co-linearity problems. The findings of the present research show that the results of the annual data and the interim data have been the same and this shows that auditing firm size does not affect earnings management meaningfully but industry specialization and auditor's tenure have had a negative effect on earnings management. Also earnings management in firms audited by big auditors, industry specialization and auditor's tenure of more than 4 years (quality auditors) is different (less than) from those firms which are not audited by these auditors.

[Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh, Younes Ahmadzade, Sahar Habibi, Mina lalepour. The study of auditing quality effect on earnings management (emphasizing at interim financial statements) evidenced from Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):320-329] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.52

Keywords: Audit quality, audit size, industry specialization, auditor's tenure, earnings management, interim financial statements

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Comparison the relationship between stock price and earnings quality in firm’s ، life cycle stages

Abdolhosein Rezvani¹, Jalal jamali², Abolfazl Khabirnia³, Naser Chamangard⁴

¹Department of Accounting, Parsabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad, Iran

²Department of accounting, payam Noor University, ir. iran

³Department of Accounting, Jolfa International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jolfa, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, Mizan University, Tabriz, Iran

rezvani@iaupmogan.ac.ir

Abstract: The main purpose of this study ، is to Review the relationship between stock price and earnings quality using barton-simko model، in corporate life cycle stages. Analysis of data collected in this study was conducted in two stages. First, firm’s ، samples of member were classified to growth, maturity and decline stages. Then, running pooled cross-sectional regression analysis comparisons. The hypotheses were tested during 2004-2009 ، the results are shown barton-simko model in growth, maturity and decline stages is significant. In maturity stage, stock price, have the relationship stronger than the growth and decline ­stages­ with earning quality. Results demonstrate there is a significant differences relationship between stock price and earning quality in growth, maturity and decline stages.

[Rezvani A, jamali J, Khabirnia A, Chamangard N. Comparison the relationship between stock price and earnings quality in firm’s life cycle stages. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):330-335] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.53

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest; stock price, earnings quality, firm’s lifecycle­, barton-simko model.

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Landau Damping for Electron waves in E Layer Ionosphere plasma in Mid latitude refer to Geomagnetic activity

M. Janserian[1], Z. Emami[1]*, A. Haghpeima[1], L. Ebrahimirazgale[1]

[1]Department of Physics,Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

zahra_sh_emami@yahoo.com

Abstract: The extracting Landau damping for electron waves in ionosphere E layer Mid latitude Plasma,theoretically discovered by Landau for non lossy medium in the case of non impacting particles that are an amazing achievements of plasma physics researches. This is in Turn an achievement in the field of applied mathematics. Then Landau damping is a characteristics of non impacting plasmas. In order to be familiar with the cause and effect of this process, we knew that the imaginary value of Im() is a function of  that would be obtained from singularity Values of this factor and in other hand this originated from resonant particles of plasma. Surely the waves in Plasma move with phase velocity, then the Landau damping considered for electron Waves in the E layer, ionosphere Plasma medium in low latitude in the height about90-120km above the Earth surface. The time range considered Landau damping is the month June that the Plasma pronounced hardly and data selected from the ionospheric site Boulder Colorado (Boulder, Colorado, N 400 E 25.50). Our calculations showed that: Landau damping decreased for small values of  while it increased for the small values of. Pacs: 94.05.Lk, 94.20.Wf, 52.35.-g, 94.20.Fg, 94.20.We [M. Janserian, Z. Emami, A. Haghpeima, L. Ebrahimirazgale_, Landau Damping for Electron waves in E Layer Ionosphere plasma in Mid latitude refer to Geomagnetic activity. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):336-341] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.54

Keywords: Landau Damping, Electron waves, E Layer,Ionosphere plasma, Geomagnetic activity

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Studying how dividends policy affects the relationship between institutional ownership and stock return fluctuations

Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh¹, Younes Badavare Nahandi², Soghra Sadeghi Behbahanizadeh³*, Mina lalepour⁴

¹ Ph.D, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

² Ph.D, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^3,4M.A, Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

s_sadeghie88@yahoo.com*

Abstract: In the present research we will study the effect of the dividends policy as a balancing variable on the relationship between institutional ownership as the independent variable and stock return fluctuations as the dependent variable among the firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period between 2006 and 2010. In this research the companies were categorized into two groups of "high dividends policy firms" and "low dividends policy firms" and after that the hypotheses were tested by using the linear regression model and the pooled data approach. The results showed that in low dividends policy firms, the institutional stockholders have had a positive effect and in high dividends policy firms the institutional stockholders have not had any effects. [Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh, Younes Badavare Nahandi, Soghra Sadeghi Behbahanizadeh, Mina lalepour_, Studying how dividends policy affects the relationship between institutional ownership and stock return fluctuations. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):342-348] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.55

Keywords: institutional ownership, stock return fluctuations, dividends policy

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The effect of cash flow on investment level of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Godratollah Talebnia¹, Rooholah majlesara², Yousef Ghanbari³, Behnam Samadiyan^4*

¹Department of accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Azarshahr Branch, azarshahr, Iran

^4*Department of accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran

*behnam.samadian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of the present research paper is to study the effect of cash flow on investment levels in companies. 75 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated for their performances during the years between 2004 and 2010. The year 2008 was assumed to be the index year. In this paper the effects of four variables related to operational cash flow, financial supply and investment on investments' levels were studied. These variables are operational incomes, operational profit, debt ratio, and change in tangible fixed assets. The results of the regression test showed that cash flow, previous operational incomes, operational profit, and the ratio of debts and tangible fixed assets have a positive and meaningful effect on investment levels in companies but the future operational income does not affect companies' investments.

[Godratollah Talebniya, Rooholah majlesara, Yousef Ghanbari, Behnam Samadiyan. The effect of cash flow on investment level of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):349-353] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.56

Keywords: investment level, cash flow, operating income, revenue, ratio of liability, tangible fix assets

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Study the relation between Financial reporting quality and corporate Investment (Case study of firms accepted in Listed Firms of Tehran-Iran Stock Exchange)

Mahdi Moradzadehfard¹, Narjes Pooryeganeh², Behnam Samadiyan^3*, Hadi Ebrahimi⁴

¹Assistant Professor, faculty of Management and Accounting Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch, Iran

²Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran

³*Department of accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁴Department of accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*behnam.samadian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main goal in this research is to study the relationship between over investment, under investment and financial reporting quality index (accrual quality) of the firm’s accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, all companies in cement, automobile and drug industries of firm’s accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange which had presented their financial statements (balance sheet and income statement) and the required data during the years between 2006 and 2011 were carefully studied. On the whole and regarding the present limitations, 63 companies (441 year-company) were selected from 3 industries. Then, the data related to the accrual quality, under investment and over investment were studied during a 6 year time period and they were tested. To test the hypotheses, we used Pearson's coefficient correlation. The results showed that in cement industry; under investment have negative and weak level of correlation with the Financing reporting quality. And over investment have a positive and average level of correlation with the Financing reporting quality. In automobile industry, under investment have negative and weak level of correlation with the Financing reporting quality. And over investment have a positive and weak level of correlation with the Financing reporting quality. In drug industry, under investment and over investment have positive and average level of correlation with the Financing reporting quality.

[Mahdi Moradzadehfard, Narjes Pooryeganeh, Behnam Samadiyan, Hadi Ebrahimi. Study the relation between Financial reporting quality and corporate Investment (Case study of firms accepted in Listed Firms of Tehran-Iran Stock Exchange). Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):354-358] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.57

Keywords: Financial reporting quality, over investment, under investment.

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The study of effective factors on business innovation in Goldiran Service Company

Amin Jafari^1*, MasoumehSadat Abtahi ², Reza Kianimavi ³,

^*1Department of Management and accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

²Department of Humanities, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

³Department of Management and accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran,

^*am_jafari2020@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most important factors to achieve organization targets is, innovation and one of effective factors in achieve to these targets is service improvement. Nowadays, according to limitedphysical assets, service innovation is not only the uses of this kind of assets but organizations generally look for asubstitute for this and one of the bests is business innovation.Statistical Society includes all Goldiran service company staff (200 person) that is named ”staff” in this study and according to Cochran formula 132 of them are chosen as Statistical sample. Research method in this study is correlation and Descriptive and data collecting method is field-library and for data analysis we used Liserl 8.7 software.this research results confirmed a significant effect of business innovation effective factors on service improvement in GoldiranService Company.

[Amin Jafari, Reza Kianimavi, MasoumehSadat Abtahi, The study of effective factors on business innovation in Goldiran Service Company. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):359-364] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.58

Keywords: business innovation, structural dimension, relational dimension, cognitive dimension, services.

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A Study of National Competitions of Technical and Vocational Skills in Iran and its Effectiveness in the Country’s Place in the World Competitions

Azarchehr Sehat^1*, Adeleh ebrahimi ²

¹*Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran

² Shahid Rejaei Univetsity, Tehran, Iran

*A_sehat85@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study is aimed at investigating the factors involved in the effectiveness of national competitions of skills in the 11^th round of national skill competitions in July, 2010. The study was descriptive and data collection was administered through statistical sampling. Five hundred and eleven individuals chosen from among the elites of the province who were majoring in 26 different majors, 426 accompanying experts, and 26 proficient functionaries each for one of the existing majors participated in the study. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with the functionaries in charge of holding the competitions were the tools used in the study. Based on Likert Scale, quantitative questions were categorized into three main groups: internal factors, external factors, and competition consequences. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 software. The results showed that the degree of enthusiasm in learning skills and the individual’s ability, aptitude, and motivation were the most significant internal factors in achieving success. Educational equipment and facilities in technical and vocational training centers were recognized as the most important external factors affecting individuals’ success. In addition, analyzing competition consequences showed that there was a high degree of accordance between provincial skill learning and national skill competitions. Moreover, experience transfer from experts who had taken part in the world competitions to the trainers and competitors in the past rounds was insignificant. [Azarchehr Sehat, Adeleh ebrahimi_, A Study of National Competitions of Technical and Vocational Skills in Iran and its Effectiveness in the Country’s Place in the World Competitions. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):365-370] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.59

Keywords: effectiveness of national skill competitions, internal factors, external factors, and competition consequences.

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Human sources in organization

Mohammad Bahrami seifabad

Department of Management, Yasuj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran

Abstract: The human sources had always a vital role in activities of organizations and today they play a more strategic role with own presence and activity in competitive scope. human sources development in organizations has been changed to a kind of obligation, the mutual expectation and right and duty to double between individual and organization and within this obligation and the mutual expectation, in one side individuals must define the reciprocal rights for own showing the adherence to do the duties in order to achieve organizational goals and observing organization values and behavior within its behavioral workbook. Organizations believe that employees must be considered base of quality improvement and utilization all of the organizational processes. So that factor must be considered as the main base of efficiency increasing process and also the most valuable wealth and the golden key of competition. The pioneer organizations will guarantee own today and tomorrow with attempt to attract, training, maintaining and using the scholar forces and the competitive advantage.

[Mohammad Bahrami seifabad. Human sources in organization. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):371-378] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.60

Keywords: human sources, organization, employees

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Investigating Role of Mechanical and Chemical Factors in the Creation of Peripheral vein in Flammarion in hospitalization Patients in hospital in zahedan, Iran

Sarani Ali Abadi, P. ¹ (MSN); Etemadi, Su. ² (MSN). Abed Saeedi, Zh. ³(PhD)

¹Lecturer, Dept. of Medical- Surgical Nursing, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery,Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran

 ^2. Lecturer, Dept. of Parasitology, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran

 ³ Assistant Professor, department Of Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Application of Intera Vascular catheters has been doubled in over the last 20 years consequently it is expected that effects caused by them will increase. Phlebitis is one of the most prevalent intravenous therapy causing therapeutic costs and hospitalization period to increase never the les it is detectable and preventable present research has been contented with the aim of identifying the phlebitis incidence rate in peripheral veins among patients with catheter and its effective factors in zahedan medical- surgical wards. Present study is a descriptive one 300 patients. Having had catheter at least for72 hours at the reception time hospitalized in medical- surgical wards of imam ali and khatamd anbia hospitals were included in the study by sampling method. All patients had no vascular diseases; taking no immune suppressive drugs with normal upper organs. Instruments used in this study were as follows: data registration paper containing demographic profile, medicine intake and its frequently, IV access site, cause and catheter removing time smoking, hospital period and society of specialist nurse’s phlebitis scale checklist for vein injections. Scientific validity of instrument was estimated by contest validity and scientific validity was assessed by final scale method among observers and identification of correlation coefficient Data was analyzed by SPSS software and K2 descriptive statistics. Results showed that % 44 of units under investigation were afflicted with phlebitis and % 75 of cases had phlebitis type 2.The most occurred cases of phlebitis appeared in the first 40-49 hours. Among phlebitis incidence and personal factors age, schooling, drug consumption, hospitalization period and also chemical stimulation factors (type and frequency of intake antibiotic injection, type of injected liquid, and additives included in the serum) was observed. Statistical meaningful correlation with% 95 reliability coefficient. With regard to the relatively high prevalence of phlebitis, it is essential to implement effective and regular training program in order to promote knowledge and awareness level of nurses in terms of intravenous therapy.

[Sarani Ali Abadi, P.; Etemadi, Su. Abed Saeedi, Zh. Investigating Role of Mechanical and Chemical Factors in the Creation of Peripheral vein in Flammarion in hospitalization Patients in hospital in zahedan, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):379-383] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.61

Keywords: Peripheral vein inflammation, Catheter, Peripheral vein, Intravenous therapy

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Evaluate the Educational and social psychology about the competencies of prospective teachers

¹Somayeh Eslami,²Javad Eslami,³Davood Gharakhani, ⁴Majid Jamali

¹Scholar of Payame Noor University, Shahriyar Branch, Shahriyar, Iran

E-mail:eslami.so2013@yahoo.com

²Department of Management, Khodabandeh branch, Islamic Azad University, Khodabandeh, Iran

E-mail: j.eslami11@yahoo.com

³ Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

⁴ Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

E-mail: majidjamale@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the opinions about the competencies of prospective teachers in the field of psychology in the training institutions of Tehran (Iran).The sample included randomly selected Ten heads of teacher training institutions and hundred teacher trainers from universities and teacher training institutions. A questionnaire was developed for, collection of data. Data were collected, analyzed and interpreted using the five-point Likert scale. It was concluded, that the majority of responded agreed that prospective teachers were not improve the attitudes of students, not understand about the developmental stages of a child from childhood to adolescence and not formulate instructional objectives in behavioral form and week in dealing the students in psychological way perhaps it is due to lake of training or may be some deficiencies in the course of child psychology.

[Somayeh Eslami, Javad Eslami, Davood Gharakhani, Majid Jamali. Evaluate the Educational and social psychology about the competencies of prospective teachers. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):384-388] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.62

Keywords: Education, social psychology, teacher education programs, prospective teachers

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Exploring the Measures for Evaluating the Performance of the Sport Boards in Ilam, Iran

Arsalan Choulaki¹, Lamia Mirheidari²

¹Department of Physical Education, Ilam branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Iran

¹ Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: arsalanchoulaki@yahoo.com, lamiamirheidari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: The goal of this paper is to evaluate the sport boards in Ilam province. Methodology: The method for this study is descriptive and survey type which is carried out on the field. The statistical population of this study is the sport boards in Ilam province with 35 boards selected as a sample. The tool for this survey is a researcher made questionnaire which is completed by the experts in the sport and young people’s ministry. For the statistical analysis of the data we used descriptive and referral statistics including t-student test. Results: The results show that regarding the measure of the researcher the rank of the hardware development in this province among the sport boards is relatively good and the scales of the organizational behavior and cultural development have a very good implication and the scales of standardization, public development and human force development are good. The scales for financial development and athletic development are average and the measure of scientific and research development are very weak. The hardware measure with the reliability of more then 95 percent had the most amounts of development (95.30%) and the 2 scientific and research measure had the least amount of development (0.097%) in comparison to other scales. Conclusion: The results show that the sport boards had a very weak performance in the athletic measure and in science and research development. Based on this we see that there is a need for the sport organization and sport boards covering Ilam province to address these two measures with more vigor.

[Arsalan Choulaki, Lamia Mirheidari. Exploring the Measures for Evaluating The Performance of the Sport Boards in Ilam, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):389-392] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.63

Keywords: sport boards, performance evaluation, athletic measure, hardware measure

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Fault Diagnosis of Ball-bearings Using Principal Component Analysis and Support-Vector Machine

O.R. Seryasat ¹*, H. Ghayoumi Zadeh ², M. Ghane ³, Z. Abooalizadeh ⁴, A. Taherkhani ⁵, F. Maleki ⁶

^{1, 2, 3} Department of Electrical Engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

^{4, 5, 6} Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.

Corresponding author: *Omid.Seryasat@gmail.com

Abstract: Due to the importance of rolling bearings as one of the most commonly used industrial machinery elements, it is necessary to develop proper monitoring and fault diagnosis procedure to suppress malfunctioning and failure of these elements during operation. For rolling bearing fault detection, it is expected that a desired time domain analysis method has good computational efficiency. In this paper, first, the features in time and frequency domain such as Mean Square, Moments, Cumulant, kurtosis, Skeweness, Zero Crossing Rate, Peak Rate, standard deviation, maximum value, Crest factor, Clearance factor, Shape factor and Impulse factor which are widely used in fault diagnostics, have been extracted from the vibration signal. Indeed, the numbers of 12 features have been extracted from the time domain signal. Then they are going to PCA algorithm, After PCA processing, the redundant features can be removed effectively. In this work, 12 features decrease to six efficient features. Although most of the features are reduced, the average diagnosis accuracy does not decrease. For some states, the diagnosis accuracy arises a little for the information fusion performance of PCA. Then, the features that extracted have been classified successfully using MSVM classifier.

[O.R. Seryasat, H. Ghayoumi Zadeh, M. Ghane, Z. Abooalizadeh, A. Taherkhani, F. Maleki. Fault Diagnosis of Ball-bearings Using PCA and Support-Vector Machine. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):393-397] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.64

 Keywords: Fault diagnosis; Roller bearing; SVM; Principal component analysis (PCA)

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Survey on the Nostalgia for “Return to Origin” in Mystical Poetry (Sanaei, Attar and Mowlavi=Rumi)

Ali Dehghan Ali^*, Hamidreza Farzi, Rostam Amani Astamal

Department of Persian Literature, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Corresponding author: *aaadehghan@gmail.com

Abstract: Nostalgia in literature is a style of composition that a poet or a writer represents his memories in painful and regretful way. The nostalgic concepts are seen in many mystical poems but return to origin is the central element of nostalgia that forms the theme of the Persian mystical poetry. According to the mystics, human soul is imprisoned in this world and tries to return to its origin. Sanaei, Attar and Mowlavi are the eminent representatives of the mystical poetry that they have considered nostalgic feelings like love, the past memories, eternal life, pain of exile of human eternal beloved and origin, personal, childhood, social, racial and national and mythical nostalgia and objective hometown in their works. This article tries to investigate the nostalgia of return to origin in the poems of these poets.

[Ali Dehghan Ali, Hamidreza Farzi, Rostam Amani Astamal. Survey on the Nostalgia for “Return to Origin” in Mystical Poetry (Sanaei, Attar and Mowlavi=Rumi). Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):398-403] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.65

Keywords: nostalgia, return to origin, Sanaei, Attar, Mowlavi

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A framework for implementing Portfolio Management System by using EPM solution within the Holding Companies

Farzad Hatami ¹, Sayyed Mohammad Taheri ²

^1. Assistant Professor; Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), 14667-137, IRAN

^2. M.Sc. Student of Civil Eng. Department; Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, IRAN

 hatamif@ripi.ir

Abstract: A number of holding and project-oriented companies have attached great importance to this subject recently that given the constraints and resources, we have to choose and manage our projects with awareness, while they take some other items like goals, strategies, added-value and the risk of portfolio investment & capabilities into consideration. these companies come across with a great deal of challenges to plan and control the above items in order to achieve the goals of holding,since holding companies are working in different businesses and deal with assorted types of units and processes. So, to this aim, we take the design and implementation of the portfolio and enterprise project management into granted as a big step and strategy being taken to manage the holding companies. Here in this paper, we study the portfolio management by using the enterprise project management (EPM) solution from a holding company view point.

[Hatami F, Taheri M. A framework for implementing Portfolio Management System by using EPM solution within the Holding Companies. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):404-408] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.66

Keywords: Portfolio management, Holding, EPM, Portfolio

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A note on Information Technology and Productivity

Fakhradin Misagh¹, Seyyed Mohammad Mirian Aghdam², Nader Rafati Maleki¹, Hassan Ranjbari Dostbagloo¹

^1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2. Department of Management, Maku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maku, Iran

Corresponding author Email: misagh@ iaut.ac.ir; fmisagh@gmail.com

Abstract: The present research has been done to study the affect of applying Information Technology (IT) on productivity of East Azerbaijan Telecom (EAT). The research method is of descriptive-survey and the studied sample consisted of 150 managers and staff members of The communications company of East Azerbaijan province of Iran who were chosen by using stratified sampling method. The researcher made Questionnaire has been used to collect research data. We use Kolmogrov Smirnov, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and Paired Samples T-Student tests to confirm or reject the hypotheses. The findings shows that using Information Technology (IT) has increased the productivity of EAT. The obtained results show that applying IT has caused to increase effectiveness and promote creativity and skill in EAT. Furthermore, it increases performance and efficiency.

[Fakhradin Misagh, Seyyed Mohammad Mirian Aghdam, Nader Rafati Maleki, Hassan Ranjbari Dostbagloo. A note on Information Technology and Productivity. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):409-412] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.67

Key Words: Information Technology, Productivity, Creativity, Performance, Effectiveness, Efficiency.

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Double burden of nutrition disorders among schoolchildren, necessity for appropriate public health policies and interventions

Samad Rouhani ¹, Atriyeh Taghizadeh Mahali²

^1. Department Corresponding author Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health; Psychiatry&Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hospital Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Student Research Committee; Health Staff of Joybar District Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

samad.rouhani@gmail.com

Abstract: Growth disorder is one of non-specific but important indicator of ill-health particularly among children. The most reliable and frequently used method to measure normal weight is Body Mass Index (BMI). Double burden of nutritional disorders may exist in low and middle income countries. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the county of Joybr in 2009. Body max index, demographic, and socio-economic data of all students in year one (935 cases) were gathered using a check list. Data were entered into Excel and were analyzed by inferential statistics and t test using SPSS software. Only 78.1 percent of schoolchildren were in normal weight rate. 10.7, 5.5 and 5.8 percent of the remaining students were underweight, overweight and obese respectively. Highest and lowest rate of obesity were seen in private schools and rural area respectively. Highest and lowest rate of underweight were seen in urban area and private schools respectively. Double burden of nutritional disorders among studied schoolchildren are evident. Hence local managers need to be aware that our children in schools suffer considerably from both sides of nutritional disorders spectrum. Current programs are not sufficient to improve recognized problems. Therefore, interventional policies are required to be made to solve the problem of this vulnerable and important segment of the society.

[Roihani S, Taghizadeh M A. Double burden of nutrition disorders among schoolchildren, necessity for appropriate public health policies and interventions. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):413-417] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.68

Keywords: Double burden; nutritional disorder; overweight; obesity; underweight; schoolchildren

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Evaluation of the urban vulnerability against earthquake in Dastgheib district of zone 9^th of Tehran

Majid Rahmani Seryasat

Department of Management, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

Abstract: Iran is located on the Alpine orogeny belt; hence it is one of frequently earthquake-occurring areas of the world. In this research, due to importance of the risk of earthquake in Iran and specially Tehran, the Dastgheib district from area-9^th of Tehran is selected to introduce the vulnerable parts of the city. Since the Dasgheib district has a high density of population and constructions, the identification of its earthquake vulnerability is of essential concern. According to the summary of six main criteria of the urban planning factors studied by GIS software, it is shown that this area is one of the most vulnerable parts of the city. Therefore to avoid the damages of a possible earthquake, it is necessary to undertake studies and make certain arrangements as fast as possible before any unfortunate event. There are a lot of areas in Tehran similar to the district under study in this research and most of the results can be extended to them.

[Omid Rahmany Seriasat. Evaluation of the urban vulnerability against earthquake in Dastgheib district of zone 9^th of Tehran. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):418-429] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.69

Keywords: evaluation, urban areas vulnerability, earthquake, Dastgheib district

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The effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of homocysteine, HS-CRP serum and plasma fibrinogen in type II diabetic women

Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi¹, Amir Rashidlamir², Atiyeh Jebelli³, Salehe Nornematolahi¹, Seyed Majid Ghazavi^3, Mahmoud Soltani¹*

^1. Department of Physical Education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

^2. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

^3. MSc of Physical Education and Sport Sciences

*Corresponding author: Soltani.mahmood@gmail.com

Abstract: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is many times higher among people with diabetes. Presence of diabetes increases the risks of heart attacks and strokes in people up to 2 to 6 times. There are a lot of inflammatory markers predicting cardiovascular heart diseases, including homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on blood levels of inflammatory markers in diabetic women. Methods: Subjects consisted of thirty sedentary middle-aged women with diabetes who were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The program included eight weeks of aerobic exercise training (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) with the intensity of 50 to 75 percent of maximal oxygen consumption. Homocysteine levels and hs-CRP and fibrinogen of blood were measured before and after exercise. Findings: Independent samples t-test analysis indicated a significant decrease in levels of homocysteine, hs-CRP and plasma fibrinogen in experimental group (P <0/05), but no significant change has been observed in control group. Conclusion: Thus, in general, regular aerobic training reduces the risk of stroke and improves health of diabetic middle-aged women by lowering homocysteine, fibrinogen and hs-CRP.

[Seyed Mahmoud Hejazi, Amir Rashidlamir, Atiyeh Jebelli, Salehe Nornematolahi, Seyed Majid Ghazavi, Mahmoud Soltani. The effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of homocysteine, HS-CRP serum and plasma fibrinogen in type II diabetic women. Life Sci J 2013; 10(1s):430-435] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.70

Keywords: hs-CRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, aerobic exercise, middle-aged women, diabetes.

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The Relationship between the Disconnection and Rejection Domain of Early Maladaptive Schemas with Defense Mechanisms in Individuals with Gender Identity Disorder

Eshagh Samkhaniyani¹, Javad Khalatbari², Farzaneh Arkiyan³

¹Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon,Iran

²Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

³ Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

Abstract: Gender Identity Disorder, meant cross- gender identification and intense desire in the characteristics of the opposite sex and discontent with assigned birth gender, is a complex disorder whose complete correction is rarely successful. The psychological evaluation of the individuals with the disorder can be very effective in its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In this study from among those with gender identity disorder, 100 individuals were chosen as the sample of the study using purposeful sampling. They filled out Yang Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire-Short Form (1998, YSQ-SF) and Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (1993, DSQ-40). Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test and canonical correlation. Results showed there is a relationship between defense mechanisms and early maladaptive schemas in individuals with gender identity disorder. It was found that there is a positive significant relationship between the disconnection and rejection domain and early maladaptive schemas and immature style of the defense mechanisms; there is a negative significant relationship between them and mature style, and there is no statistically significant relationship between them and neurotic style.

[Eshagh Samkhaniyani, Javad Khalatbari, Farzaneh Arkiyan. The Relationship between the Disconnection and Rejection Domain of Early Maladaptive Schemas with Defense Mechanisms in Individuals with Gender Identity Disorder. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):436-440] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.71

Keywords: Gender Identity Disorder, Early maladaptive schemas, Defense mechanisms.

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Study of Relationship Between High Blood Pressure and Clinical Markers and Individual Cerebro Vascular Accident in Clients that Referred to Towhid Hospital in Sanandaj(Kurdistan of Iran) in 2010

Ghader Salehnejad¹, Nasrin Aliramaei ^1*, Kian Zobeiry², Azam Naderi³

¹ Lecturer- nursing and midwifery faculty- MSc. Kurdistan University of medical science..

²Medical student. Tehran University of. medical science-Tehran

³MSc (member of scientific board of faculty nursing and midwifery) Kurdistan University of medical science.

*Corresponding Author: n_aliramaei@yahoo.com

hypertension is the most significant known risk factor for stroke. Normal blood pressure is around 120/80, while High blood pressure is when your blood pressure is consistently over 140/90. This is called ‘hypertension’. A person with untreated hypertension is four times more likely to have a stroke than someone whose blood pressure falls within the healthy range. This study was cross- sectional descriptive. The statistical population included all of the patients (100 patients) with CVA referred to towhid hospital. The information was completed through questionnaire and interview, and then scored and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the samples (53%) females aged 51-70 years with majority of 47% and 48% housewives, the majority of illiterate, and 55% with previous history of stroke did not attack. Total days of hospitalization varied between 5 and 9 days with 45% of rural residence, and admission with 42% suffering from Right hemiplegia that 79% had no obvious impairment of speech and They mostly had high blood pressure for 4-7 years (88%). Also between high blood pressure and Clinical markers and individual stroke with P< 0/005 a significant relationship was shown. A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage, complications, and death. High blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke Artillery. hypertension is the most important hygienic problem in developed countries, which if not cured will lead to fatal complications.

[Ghader salehnejad, Nasrin Aliramaei, Kian zobeiry, Azam naderi. Study of Relationship Between High Blood Pressure and Clinical Markers and Individual Cerebro Vascular Accident in Clients that Referred to Towhid Hospital in Sanandaj(Kurdistan of Iran) in 2010. Life Sci J 2013;10(1S):441-450](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.72

Key words: Client; Cerebro Vascular Accident ; high blood pressure

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A study of English grammatical collocations of gerund and their translations in Azeri: A corpus- based contrastive analysis

Parisa Farrokh

English Translation Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran, PObox:1616

p_farrokh100@yahoo.com

Abstract: Collocations have been high on the agenda of linguistic researches these last few years, driven by second language teaching and learning researches on the one hand and lexicography ones on the other. Yet, it would be erroneous to think collocations especially grammatical collocations do not pose problems in translation between the very different languages like English and Azeri which belong to different language families and their grammatical structures are quite different. This paper sets out to find out the closest equivalent of English grammatical collocations of gerund in Azeri. This research is corpus-based, both qualitative and quantitative study. Based on Benson et als' classification of grammatical collocations of gerund, there are three types of collocations of gerund: verb +verb-ing; verb (transitive) + object + verb-ing ; and verb (transitive) + possessive + gerund. The analysis of Azeri translated data showed that gerund mainly translated as infinitive in Azeri. Moreover, verb +v-ing, translated as “infinitive+ verb”, verb (transitive) + object + verb-ing used as “object+ infinitive +verb(transitive)” and the closest equivalent for grammatical collocation of verb (transitive) + possessive + gerund, is “possessive+ infinitive+ verb(transitive).”

[Farrokh P. A study of English grammatical collocations of gerund and their translations in Azeri: A corpus- based contrastive analysis. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):451-455] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.73

Keywords: collocation, grammatical collocation, gerund, translation, corpus-based studies

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Relationship between transformational leadership styles with self-determination of employees

Javad Khalatbari¹, Syed Leila Hosseini Tabaghdehi²

¹Department of management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

²Department of management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

Abstract: The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership styles with self-determination of employees in the Islamic Azad universities, Mazandaran Province. The research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical community is all employees in Islamic Azad universities in five cities of Mazandaran province include Tonekabon, Chlos, Sari, Neka, Behshahr are the number of 829 peoples. The statistical random sampling method of this research is based on Morgan’s table and the number of 256 people was determined. For collecting data and needed information, the library and field method were used. Data collection tools and informational in this study is two questionnaires: spritzer s^, psychological empowerment questionnaire (1995) and Bass and Avolio^, s transformational leadership questionnaire ((2000). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Result showed that there is the positive relationship between self-determination and transformational leadership style (p<0/01). In addition, regression analysis showed that the predictor variables, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation are the most important role in predicting self-determination (p<0/01).[Javad Khalatbari, Syed Leila Hosseini Tabaghdehi. Relationship between transformational leadership styles with self-determination of employees. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):456-460] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.74

Keywords: transformational leadership, self-determination, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, psychological empowerment

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Relationship between transformational leadership styles with psychological empowerment

Syed Leila Hosseini Tabaghdehi¹, Javad khalatbari²

¹Department of management, Ramsar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

²Department of management, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

Abstract: The goal of this research is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership and psychology empowerment of employees in the Islamic Azad Universities, Mazandaran province. The research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical community is all employees in Islamic Azad universities in five cities of Mazandaran include tonekabon, chalos, sari, neka, behshahr. The cluster random sampling based on geographical area. Method of this research is based on Morgan ̓s table and the number of 256 people was determined. For collecting data and needed information, the library and field methods were used. Data collection tools and information in this study is two questionnaires: Spritzer ̕ s Psychological empowerment questionnaire (1995) and Bass and Avolio ̕ s transformational leadership questionnaire (2000). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that there is the positive relationship between psychological empowerment and transformational leadership style (p<0/01). In addition, regression analysis showed that the predictor variables, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration and motivation are the most important role in predicting psychological empowerment (p<0/01).

[Syed Leila Hosseini Tabaghdehi, Javad khalatbari. Relationship between transformational leadership styles with psychological empowerment. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):461-469] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.75

Keywords: transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, motivation.

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The effects of maternal diabetes on the glomerular and buman volume and tubular changes in newborn rats

Maryam Tehranipour*, Saiede Moosavi

Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Corresponding Author: maryam_tehranipour@mshdiau.ac.ir

Abstract: Maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several complications in the offspring. In present study, we examined the effects of maternal diabetes on the glomerular and buman volume and tubular changes in newborns rats. At 7th day of pregnancy hyperglycemia was induced by a single injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin (55 mg kg^-1). Control animals were given an equal volume of citrate buffer. After parturition 1 pup were randomly selected from each litter, their kidney dissected, fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned in 7 μm thicknesses and stained by H.E. By applying stereological techniques and systematic random sampling scheme the glomeroli, buman, proximal and distal diameters changes were estimated. In comparison with controls, statistical analysis showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the glomeroli and buman volumes. The total length of capillaries showed significant increases (p<0.01) in newborns from diabetic mothers.But there were not significant different in proximal and distal diameters. In conclusion it seems that, maternal diabetes induce angiogenesis. The present study is high risk for renal dysfunction in newborns from diabetic mothers.

[Maryam Tehranipour, Saiede Moosavi, The effects of maternal diabetes on the glomerular and buman volume and tubular changes in newborn rats Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):470-473] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.76

Key words: maternal diabetes, kidney, angiogenesis.

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Check the role of advertisements in urban tourism sustainable development (in Qazvin)

Sadroddin Motevalli¹, Farnaz Amiripur², Ali Fallah³

¹Department of geography, Islamic Azad university, Nour branch, Nour, Iran

²Master of science in geography, Islamic Azad university, Nour branch, Nour, Iran

³Department of management, Islamic Azad university, Nour branch, Nour, Iran

Abstract: Advertisement as an important success implement in everyone's life requires that these implement as scientific, social,cultural and relevance branches has been studied carefully and with a scientific,art,more critical and specified view has been used until it follows success and goals. now a days in tourism industry must use of advertisement as an important implement professionally, because the success of advertise for the cultural and tourism values of a country based on a correct and professional perception of advertisement and their values.because the professional advertisement could be consider as a winner implement for the development of cultural goals in inside and outside. Otherwise it is wasting of time, capital and energy. For advertising activities in tourism industry in the world today should views this belief and faith to the advertisement that advertisement is not splurge but it is a kind of fundamental and normative investment in order to organizational and national goals and if it is normatively and correctly done it could had a valuable achievments.in this regard the goal and the duty of advertisement is to increase marketing and every inattention and the lack of correct operation of these implement,not only cause the failure but also it cause to lag of competitions and marketing and tourism precessions and finally it cause to failure and bankruptcy in the world of correct and normative marketing in the international field. The goal of this research is to check the role of advertisement in urban tourism sustainable development. Research method of this research is based on an applied goal and the nature of the descriptive item. In this research the SWOT model and T.TEST and regression has been used. The result of this research shows that the advertisement cause to develop the tourism industry in QAZVIN.meanwhile it is shown that the level of advertisement in Qazvin don’t enjoy of a good utility and requires to the review and the presentation of a proper policy in order to weakness and threats by using of the strength points and opportunities.

[Sadroddin Motevalli, Farnaz Amiripur, Ali Fallah, Check the role of advertisements in urban tourism sustainable development (in Qazvin). Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):474-483] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.77

Key world : urban tourism, sustainable development. advertisement. Qazvin

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Role of Usability in E-Government and E-Commerce Portals: An Empirical Study of Pakistan

Saqib Saeed, Fazal Wahab, Sobia Aslam Cheema, Sadia Ashraf

Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Shangrila Road Sector E-8 Islamabad, Pakistan

saqib.saeed@bahria.edu.pk

Abstract: E-government and E-Commerce facilities help citizens to benefit from governmental services and shopping facilities while being at home. Website design is an essential part of e-government and e-commerce infrastructures. Usability aspects can enhance the user experience and lack of usability can de-motivate users and eventually they may leave that portal. In this paper we present the results of our research on Pakistani E-government and E-commerce websites. Although, Pakistan is digitally not so advanced country but still government and business enterprises are focusing to use online dimension. We have carried out two studies, in first study we evaluated three e-government websites and in second study we evaluated three e-commerce websites in Pakistan. We found that these websites have some usability issues and improvement in these issues can significantly improve the user experience. The results are helpful for web designers, practitioners and policy makers for fostering successful adoption of E-government and E-commerce frameworks.

[Saeed S, Wahab, F, Cheema, SA, Ashraf, S. Role of Usability in E-Government and E-Commerce Portals: An Empirical Study of Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(1s):484-489] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1001s13.78

Keywords: Usability, E-Government adoption, online shopping, digital divide

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