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Environmental fluoride exposure and reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China

Tong Zhou¹, Li-ju Duan¹, Zhong Ding², Ru-pu Yang², Shi-hong Li², Yu Xi³, Xue-min Cheng¹, Jia-xiang Hou¹, Shi-bao Wen¹, Jiang Chen¹, Liu-xin Cui¹, Yue Ba^1,*

¹ Department of Environmental Health, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; ² Department of Endemic, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China; ³ Department of Endemic, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tongxu county, Tongxu, Henan 475400, China. bayue1963@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of high fluoride exposure on reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Tongxu county in Henan Province, China. Endemic fluorosis villages and control villages were selected by random sampling according to fluoride concentration in drinking water and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis. Local male residents aged from 18 to 50 years old who were born and grew up in the investigated villages were recruited as subjects by cluster sampling. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected. The serum level of GnRH was detected using ELISA. The serum level of LH, FSH, E₂, and T were determined by chemiluminesence immunoassay (CLIA). Results The serum levels of FSH were 7.82 mlU/ml, 10.20 mIU/ml and 9.57 mIU/ml in male from defluoridation villages (DFPG), high fluoride villages (HFG) and control villages (CG) respectively. FSH level in male from DFPG was significant lower than that from HFG and CG (P<0.05). The serum levels of E₂ were 33.67 ng/mL, 29.17 ng/mL and 28.99 ng/mL in DPFG, HFG and CG respectively. E₂ level in male from DFPG was significant higher than that from HFG and CG (P<0.05). Serum levels of E₂ in CG were associated with LH (r=0.343, P=0.000), age (r=0.195, P=0.015), and inversely associated with serum FSH (r=-0.237, P=0.003), whereas this correlation was not observed for serum E₂ level in DFPG and HFG. Conclusion Long-term fluoride exposure in drinking water may influence the reproductive hormones in males living in endemic fluorosis villages.

[Zhou T, Ding Z, Xi Y, Yang RP, Duan LJ, Li SH, Cheng XM, Hou JX, Wen SB, Liu J, Chen J, Cui LX, Ba Y. Environmental fluoride exposure and reproductive hormones in male living in endemic fluorosis villages in China. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.01

Key words: fluoride, reproductive hormone, hypothalamus-pituitary-testis, male

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Effluent Quality Index and the Regression Equations and Correlation Coefficients its with the Physico-Chemical Parameters in the West Karun Agro-Industry

Ashraf Jazayeri

Shahid chamran university of Ahwaz

Corresponding Author: jazayeriashraf@Ymail.com

Abstract: In this research, Amir kabir and mirza koochak khan’s agro-industry in west side of karoon river were considered and original drain of each unit was selected and at three station, beginning of the drain (first station), middle of the drain (second station) and end of the drain (third station), nine selected units parameters including (oxygen solution, temperature, Ph, BOD₅ COD, phosphate nitrate, Ec, Tarbidity) were measured. For a year, above reviews were performed in each season at three station of original drain of both units agro-ingustry. Then by using customary methods, a qualitative index of Sewage was measured at three stations of each unit’s drain for every season. Finally annual qualitative index was measured for sewage of each unit. After statistic analysis of results, It is observed that: we had been faced to reduction of sewage’s qualitative index along with original drains of both units of agro- industry from first station towards second station and finally third station. It means that. in all seasons in both drains, the quality of ending drain of sewage was always lower than that in beginning of drain. Also during the different seasons of year, meaningful changes were observed in sewage quality of original drainages of both units. Sewage qualitative index was reduced in both units during autumn and winter. In research, it was observed that this fact can be because of not only the sometime cultivation season of sugar can’s cuttings and start of harvesting in different farms but because of operation including fertilizing and spraying, in another word with starting the season harvesting of cane’s production farms of sugar cane also are starting to act, so the sewage of mentioned units directly is shed to original drain. All of these factors cause a full of sewage’s qualitative index in meaningful limit during autumn and winter forwards spring and summer. In this research, correlation coefficients between sewage’s qualitative index and each one of chemical physical nine units parameters were measure and based on those coefficients, simple Regresion equations between sewage’s qualitative index and each factors were written, also multilateral Regresion relation between sewage’s qualitative index and all factors were presented.

[Ashraf Jazayeri. Effluent quality index and the regression equations and correlation coefficients its with the physico-chemical parameters in the West Karun Agro-Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):8-11] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.02

Key words: Effluent quality index, physico chemical parameters, Agro-Industry

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EVALUATION OF MINIMAL PROSTATE CANCER IN NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS USING AMACR (P504S), P63 AND KI67

Hayam E. Rashed*,Kateb M.I*, El., Ragab A.A.**, Soheir S. Shaker***

*Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

 **Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

***Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azher University, For Girls

Corresponding Author: soheirsaad@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Background: Prostate cancer is a major health problem throughout the developed world. Immunohistochemistry plays a very important role in the diagnosis of minimal prostatic adenocarcinoma and to exclude one of its benign mimickers, but it should always be interpreted in the context of the H&E appearances. In some cases of minimal prostate cancer morphologic features do not allow a diagnosis of carcinoma. In such situation, the presence of AMACR and the absence of basal cell marker (p63) confirm the presence of prostate cancer. In addition, Ki-67 a proliferating marker have a strong relationship with Gleason's grading, which has an important relationship with the prognosis of prostate cancer. The aim: Assessing the usefulness of immunohistochemical analysis with Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and p63 to confirm the diagnosis of minimal prostate cancer. Also, detection of the prognostic role of ki67 in minimal prostate cancer detection and its association with p63 expression in prostate cancer. Methods: 50 needle biopsy specimens, including 30 with small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 20 benign prostate (≤ 1mm or <5% of needle core tissue) were stained immunohistochemically with AMACR, P63 and Ki67 antibodies. Results: Of 30 cases of small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma, 27 (90%) expressed AMACR; all malignant glands were negative for basal cell staining p63 (nuclear stain). All benign glands were recognized easily by basal cell marker (p63) positivity. There was focal positive staining with AMACR in 2 benign cases showing atrophy. A statistical significant correlation was observed between ki67 expression and increased Gleason's grade (p=0.02). Cytoplasmic expression of p63 was high in high grade prostate cancer, and it was associated with higher frequency of ki67 positive cells in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Immunostaining with the p504s and p63 could improve the diagnostic performance and helped in avoid carrying out new biopsies in small foci of prostatic carcinoma detection. An important relationship with the prognosis of prostate cancer was noticed through the strong relationship of Ki-67 marker with Gleason's grading. Therefore, we propose that this marker can be applied along with other prostate cancer prognostic factors.

[Hayam E. Rashed, Kateb M.I, El., Ragab A.A., Soheir S. Shaker. EVALUATION OF MINIMAL PROSTATE CANCER IN NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS USING AMACR (P504S), P63 AND KI67. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):12-21] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.03

Key words: Prostate cancer, AMACR(P504S),P63 gene, KI67 marker, needle biopsy

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Paradoxical TRAIL Activity in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Cell Line AP-1060

Yiwu Sun, Hongbao Ma

Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA

yiwu_sun@hotmail.com

Abstract: TRAIL as a member of TNF ligands is involved in the anti-tumor mechanisms by its cytotoxic activity inducing apoptosis, and has been explored as a tumor target reagent in the therapy of different tumors. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), TRAIL was used to be token as a crucial molecule that was up-regulated by retinoic acid and induced the blast cell to differentiation and apoptosis. However, our findings indicated that AP1060 cell, an APL cell line, produced a high level of TRAIL, and its growth and proliferation depended on the auto-secreted TRAIL. Furthermore, the above phenomenon may be related to the TRAIL-mediated NF-kB activation. It suggests that there may be a new therapy approach to the subtype of APL.

[Sun Y, Ma H. Genes Reprogramming During ATRA-induced Differentiation of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):22-28]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.04

Keywords: TRAIL; acute promyelocytic leukemia; retinoic acid; induced differentiation

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The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools

Mojgan Mirza¹ and Ma’rof Redzuan²

^{1 & 2}: Department of Social and Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

¹E-mail: Mirza_KLA@yahoo.com, ² marof@putra.upm.edu.my

Abstract: There are various studies done on relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership, only a few of them were took part in educational organizations by focusing on view point of the Bass & Avolio’s leadership styles and Bar-On’s theory of emotional intelligence. This research made an attempt to prepare an empirical research-evidence for supporting the proposed link between school principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Collected data (n=268) were analyzed by using. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result indicated statistically significant relationship between principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. This significant relationship resulted that the higher level of the principal's emotional intelligence is linked to the transformational leadership style. In contrast, transactional and laissiez-fair leadership styles were not positive associated with emotional intelligence. Consequently, school programmer should be focused on the especial training methods to enhance principal's emotional intelligence level whereby they can develop the transformational leadership style qualities. These development qualities concerns about transforming the present condition and followers requirements.

[Mojgan Mirza and Ma’rof Redzuan. The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):29-33] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.05

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire, Principals, School

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Synthesis of Ursolic Acid Derivatives and Research on Their Cytotoxic Activities

Yanqiu Meng, Lingli Cai and Yu Zhang 

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Jing Ji Kai Fa Qu 11th street, Shenyang Liaoning 110142, China

mengyanqiu@hotmail.com

Abstract: In order to search for effective hepatic protectant and antineoplastic drugs, methods using ursolic acid as the lead compound, eighteen novel compounds were designed and synthesized by modified at the C-3 and the C-28 positions of ursolic acid (UA). The structures of the derivatives were confirmed by IR, MS, ¹HNMR,¹³C NMR andelemental analysis. Effects of the derivatives on in vitro growth of 3 cell lines (HeLa, SKOV₃ and BGC-823) were determined by MTT method. The results show that compound 9and11 has high antineoplastic activity. So the results of this thesis will benefit the further investigating on the modification and anti-tumor activity of pentacyclic triterpenes.

[Yanqiu Meng, Lingli Cai,and Yu Zhang. Synthesis of Ursolic Acid Derivativesand Research on Their Cytotoxic Activities Life Sci J 2012;9(4):34-41] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.06

Keywords: ursolic acid derivatives; hepatoprotective effect; anti-tumor activity

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Tourism and its history

Mohammad Ebrahim Alinejad, Zahra Razaghi

Payame Noor University (PNU), Sari, Iran

Alinejad2884@gmx.com

Abstract: Tourism has many definitions that most of them are surveyed in economical aspect. Tourism is described as a social activity that includes human behavior, using resources, interaction with other people, economic and environment. Tourism industry is one of important phenomenon in three last millennium, in half past century with increasing growth has more influences in economical dynamism and growth and cultural interactions between countries. As, most of scientists know this century as tourism century. In last year’s, tourism is known as a industry without smoke and more income in universal business and also important element in improving and adjusting commerce balance and payment balance in most of countries. This industry is considered as a unique industry and has more fans. considerable growth in tourism in fifty last year, shows abundant importance of economical and social aspect of this phenomenon.so in this research, in addition to defining tourism basics and different definitions, we say symbols of this industry to recognizing different types and knowing existent capacities in this industry, use this without smoke industry optimally. Method of this research is library studies.

[Mohammad Ebrahim Alinejad, Zahra Razaghi. Tourism and its history. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):42-46] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.07

Keywords: Tourism, Development, Approach

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HIV/AIDS, Women Farmers, and Livelihood Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Productivity in Prevalent And Non-Prevalent Areas of Benue State, Nigeria

Oladele, O.I

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus. South Africa. oladele20002001@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study was carried out in Benue State of Nigeria by the use of questionnaires administered to 200 women farmers in HIV prevalent and non prevalent areas. Frequencies and percentages were used to explain descriptive data while t-test was used to analyse the inferential statistics. The awareness and knowledge of HIV among women farmers was average, and there was no behavioural change towards sex as almost all respondents shy away from the use of condoms. There is significant difference in farm size in the prevalent areas (t = 2.982 P < 0.05) as compared to non prevalent areas. The non-prevalent areas had a higher mean score than the prevalent areas. The results obtained from the study showed that there was a general decrease of agricultural productivity in HIV prevalent areas than non-prevalent areas. In conclusion, the two study areas, which represent the prevalent and non-prevalent areas, HIV was established to be high in both transmission and prevalence. Over 70% of the respondents are sexually active, the study indicates that the rate of promiscuity is high and among the respondents as unmarried residents has had at least 3 sexual partners. The knowledge and use of condoms is low. Only 7% and 6% of respondents in non-prevalent and prevalent areas have used condoms. The epidemic has severely affected and worsens the economic situation within the respondents, and has therefore placed demands on women who are both agricultural workers and caretakers.

[Oladele O.I. HIV/AIDS, Women Farmers, and Livelihood Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Productivity in Prevalent And Non-Prevalent Areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):47-50] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.08

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, women, farmers, livelihood, productivity

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Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Management of Cold Water Fish Farming

(Case Study: Qazvin Province)

Seyed Mohammad Shahroudi PhD

Faculty of industrial Engineering and Management, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, Mosavi.shams@gmail.com

Abstract: Today, fish farming and breeding is considered as one of the most significant sources of protein supply in the world so that we can observe the remarkable improvements in this field. Artificial methods of fish breeding began in China and dates back to 3000 years ago. However, though the precedence of breeding fish in a pool is long, the artificial reproduction is a new experience. The first step in artificial fertilization was taken by a German scientist named Ludwick Jacobi. Despite the long experience of fish farming in the world, in Iran, it has been started in 1972 by reproducing Acipenseridae and in 1959 by reproducing rainbow trout. Industrial and economical growth as well as the need for supplying food for the growing population and the higher quality of fish protein compared to that of other kinds of meat has caused an increasing interest in the fish and fishing in the seas and water resources and has made it an important source of attracting foreign currency. Iran should also take the same actions considering the current policies. Therefore, reproduction of cold water fish should be taken into consideration as one of the most significant issues in this regard and all kinds of facilities should be provided for its optimal application[3]. There is a high potential in national waters of Iran in this regard few of which are currently being used. One reason for this is the lack of technical knowledge and required experience in fish farms management. Most farmers who engage in this occupation have suffered losses or have not used the available facilities properly due to the lack of sufficient technical and scientific knowledge. Regarding the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to signify the effective factors in the production of cold water fish farms and prioritize them based on decision making methods of AHP[4].

[Seyed Mohammad Shahroudi. Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Management of Cold Water Fish Farming (Case Study: Qazvin Province). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):51-62] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.09

Keywords: Prioritizing, Management, Fish Farming, AHP

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Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages

Syed Ahsan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Tauqir Ahmad, Khadim H. Asif, H.M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan)

Ahsancs.gmail.com

Abstract: Prototype (classless) based object oriented programming approach has several advantages for representing default knowledge and dynamically modifying concepts over traditional class based languages. Many modern languages like C#, JavaScript and others are in part or completely utilizing astounding features of prototypes. With this growing interest in adoption of prototypes a sheer need is emerging to redesign software metrics for prototype based languages. These paper highlights issues for prototype based software metrics for object oriented programming.

[Syed Ahsan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Tauqir Ahmad, Khadim H. Asif, H.M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem. Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):63-66] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.10

Keywords: Software life cycle, software complexity, design metrics, prototype object modeling

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Analysis of an Edge-Core Joint Node in OBS Networks

Farrukh Zeeshan Khan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Ahsan

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan)

fsl.hayat@gmail.com

Abstract: Optical burst switching (OBS) has been introduced as a short term implementable solution for future all-optical networks. Its performance evaluation received a considerable attention and does not seem to be weaken. In prevalent studies, an OBS network is strictly divided into edge and core domains, while practically for future all-optical mesh network deployments; this is not valid for most of nodes. In these networks, not only a few but probably majority of the nodes will have to combine both functionalities to provide flexible operation. Such nodes are termed herein joint edge-core OBS nodes. In this paper, an architecture of a joint edge-core OBS node is studied and a new scheduling algorithm have been proposed to multiplex the local assembled traffic along with the transit traffic. Thorough simulations have been done on benchmark networks to show the significance of edge scheduling in joint edge-core OBS nodes.

[Farrukh Zeeshan Khan. Analysis of an Edge-Core Joint Node in OBS Networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):67-73] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.11

Keywords: Optical burst switching, Joint edge-core node

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Modelling Scheduling Systems with Exhaustive Priority Service

Muhammad Faisal Hayat, Tauqir Ahmad, Muhammad Afzaal, Khadim Asif, H. M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan). fsl.hayat@gmail.com

Abstract: Scheduling systems are an integral part of edge nodes in modern communication systems. These nodes aggregate the incoming traffic flows and groomed traffic is sent to core network. The aggregation is done on the basis of scheduling criteria. In this work, we have analyzed a scheduling system where high priority traffic is exhaustively served. The modelling approach we have used is Markov chain modelling. It is assumed that buffers available are of finite nature. Important performance measures such as blocking and waiting probabilities and mean flow time have been analyzed to give an insight into the system behavior. To prove the accuracy of analytical modelling, all results have been simulated.

[Muhammad Faisal Hayat. Modelling Scheduling Systems with Exhaustive Priority Service. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):74-80] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.12

Keywords: Optical burst switching, Joint edge-core node

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The effects of some agricultural By-products on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of Holstein dairy cow 

¹Farzad. Abdollahzadeh, ²*Rahim Abdulkarimi

^1,2Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with ensiled mixed tomato and apple pomace (EMTAP) on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of diets. Six multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation were used in 3×3 Latin square design and fed alfalfa hay plus concentrate mixture with three levels replacement with EMTAP (0, 15, 30%) during 63 days. Results showed that, differences between treatments were significant. Feeding EMTAP resulted in a significant higher acetic and propionic acids and total volatile fatty acids concentration and significant (P<0.01) lower rumen pH. The substitution of EMTAP in dairy cow diets is associated with a better DM, OM, CP and NDF digestibility. It was concluded that, EMTAP can efficiently replace up to 30% alfalfa hay. The nutritive value of tomato and apple pomace could be improved when they are used together (50:50) in dairy cows diet.

[Farzad. Abdollahzadeh, Rahim Abdulmalaki. The effects of some agricultural By-products on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility of Holstein dairy cow. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):81-85] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.13

Keywords: agricultural By-products; tomato pomace; apple pomace; dairy cow

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Influence of economic world crisis in tourism negative growth in Tajikistan with short look at tourism destinations

MOHAMMADMAHDI MOTAHEDIN

PhD student of management, marketing trends, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Motahedinm@gmx.com

Abstract: Tourism industry has been confronted with challenges like other activities and economical circles parallel with economic world crisis and different industries and jobs like tourism are goal and cause severe decline and downfall, this is right when according to WTO (tourism world organization) report, tourism is one of main economic activities after oil industries and constructing automobiles. And researchers declare in surveys that tourism industry include more than eleven percent of total world national gross production. Tourism world costs expenditures are 2000 million dollar and countries share has been declined after economic world crisis of these numbers. This problem causes to influences on Tajikistan that has different tourism destinations such as remedial hot water resources and tourist journeys for remedy and recovering, is one of main purposes of tourism of this country. As formal statistics of tourism organizations in Tajikistan country shows negative growth of tourism entrance statistics to this country.

[MOHAMMADMAHDI MOTAHEDIN. Influence of economic world crisis in tourism negative growth in Tajikistan with short look at tourism destinations. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):86-88] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.14

Keywords: Tourism industry, remedial tourism, tourism organizations, economic world crisis, Tajikistan.

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Review of the status of children’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran's legal and judicial sources

Esmail Ykhkshy Far

Tajikistan Academy of science, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Yakhkeshifar47@gmx.com

Abstract: Considering the fact that children are among the most vulnerable communities and since they can’t overcome adversity due to their young age and intellectual and physical immaturity, placing priority on their basic and natural rights is something obvious and is the natural and legal authorities’ responsibility. Since all human beings are subject to the rights and freedoms enshrined in the constitution without considering their race, color, gender, language, religion, and so on, children must have particular rights because they make the country’s future so that their welfare, liberty, happiness, and beliefs must be formally recognized and necessary facilities and equipments must be properly and healthily provided for their physical, mental, ethical and social growth in a healthy free environment. Children need adequate family and social security and special support including certain care before and after birth. Even children who are intellectually and physically disabled need special care and attention together with proper training appropriate to their disability status.

[Esmail Ykhkshy Far. Review of the status of children’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran's legal and judicial sources. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):89-95] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.15

Keywords: Child – Children Rights - Legal Sources - Islamic Republic of Iran

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Predicting test effectiveness using performance models in Life Science IT projects

Venkatesh¹, Priyesh Cherurveettil ², Thenmozhi. S³, Balasubramanie. P ⁴

^1. Associate Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Office: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: venkijv@gmail.com

^2. Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025 Regional Office: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: priyesh.cherurveettil@gmail.com

^3. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Gnanamani College of Technology,

AK Sumuthiram, Pachal - 637018, Namakkal District. Tamilnadu, India. Email: thenmozhi.s1983@gmail.com

^4. Professor,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,

Perundurai, Erode - 638 052. Tamilnadu, India. Email: pbalu_20032001@yahoo.co.in

Abstract – Testing plays an important role in any project irrespective of the domain. The ability to test right before it reaches the intended customer matters. Test effectiveness is an important metric that tracks the ability of the testing team. The efficiency of a tester to cover all aspects of testing and ensuring 100% coverage determines the quality of the product. There could be number of factors that influence the test effectiveness. Organizations rely on the quality assurance team to strategize and plan the testing phase. Past experience in handling similar testing projects matter. Shifting left, the opportunity to be in pro-active mode helps to improve the efficiency. Predictive process performance models can be built for test effectiveness. This paper illustrates the process performance model to predict test effectiveness based on data from life science project in an organization.

[Venkatesh, Priyesh Cherurveettil, Thenmozhi. S, Balasubramanie. P. Predicting test effectiveness using performance models in Life Science IT projects. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):96-100] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.16

Keywords- process, performance, test effectiveness, defects, metrics

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Breviscapine Reduces the Acute Lung Injury Induced by Left Heart Ischemic Reperfusion in Rat through inhibition of the Expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1

JI Mingli¹, SONG Xiaorong², QIAN Zhibin², Wang Yuxia¹, YANG Yuting², QIIN Yu², WANG Jiangang¹, GUO Yong¹

¹ Department of Pathophysiology of Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China

² Department of Functional Lab of Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China

sxrong308@163.com

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of breviscapine on expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in rat with acute lung injury induced by left heart ischemic reperfusion，and the mechanism of breviscapine protecting respiratory function. Methods 60 rats were divided into 2 equal groups randomly: group 1 is treatment group (TG), group 2 is control group(CG).All rats were made left heart ischemia-reperfusion model by ligaturing the anterior descending branch 30min and loosing. Rats in this group were intravenous injected breviscapine (10mg·kg^-1) when the myocardial ischemia had been for 10 minutes. While，the rats of CG were treated with normal saline.The same amount of rats in 2 groups were killed at 3 point in time: 30min after ligaturing (T1), 30min after loosing(T2) and 60min after loosing (T3).All rats were recorded and observed respiration curve with BL-420 biological signal collect and analysis system, measured the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6)and inflammatory cell adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) with Immunohistochemistry, measured the expression of IL-6 in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, and measured the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue with colorimetry. Results In T1, T2 and T3,the level of the expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in CG were higher than those in TG, the activity of myeloperoxidase in lung tissue of CG was stronger than that of TG, the expressions of IL-6 of CG were higher than those of TG in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid, and the amplitude and duration time of respiration curve of TG was higher than those of CG. The comparison were great. Conclusions Breviscapine can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1, which means that leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation and release reaction of can be reduced in the pulmonary circulation, the expression of IL-6 can be decreased, and inflammatory cascade response will be reduced to protect respiratory function.

[JI Mingli, SONG Xiaorong, QIAN Zhibin, Wang Yuxia, YANG Yuting^, QIIN Yu, WANG Jiangang, GUO Yong. Breviscapine Reduces the Acute Lung Injury Induced by Left Heart Ischemic Reperfusion in Rat through inhibition of the Expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):101-104] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.17

Key words：breviscapine; left heart ischemic reperfusion；acute lung injury；inflammatory cell adhesion molecules 1;interleukin 6

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[Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):105-110] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

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Evaluation of interleukin 8, 12 & 33 serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects

Mohammad Ayoub Rigi Ladez¹, Sirous Risbaf Fakour^*2 and Mohsen Karbasi³

1: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran

2: Department of maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan, University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan- Iran

3: Dentist, faculty of dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran

 *Corresponding Author:

Sirous Risbaf Fakour (DDS,MS), Department of maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan- Iran

Email: c_risbaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Environmental, genetic and immune factors are involved in progress of the disease. Recently numerous studies have focused on the role of different cytokines in development of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the serum level of IL-8, IL-12 and IL-33 in patients withchronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and healthy individuals.A total of 96 subjects were included in the study of which 35 patients had chronic periodontitis, 26 patients had generalized aggressive periodontitis and 35 persons was healthy group. 3ml blood obtained from each person and serum samples separated. Level of IL-8, IL-12(p70) and IL-33 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Data analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney testand SPSS Ver.16 software.The level of IL-12 increased significantly in chronic and aggressive patients than in health group (p=0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference at IL8 dose level between periodontitis patients and healthy group (p>0.05). The amount of IL-33 was no difference between patients and healthy group (p>0.05).There was a significant association between the level of IL-12 with chronic periodontitis and GAP.

 [Mohammad Ayoub Rigi Ladez, Sirous Risbaf Fakour and Mohsen Karbasi. Evaluation of interleukin 8, 12 & 33 serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):111-117]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.19

 Key words: interleukin-8, interleukin-12, interleukin-33, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis

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Assessment of Land Degradation and Farm-Level Deforestation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

A.S. Oyekale⁺ and A.H. Adeleke ⁺⁺

⁺Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa, asoyekale@yahoo.com

⁺⁺Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract: Land degradation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been aggravated by deforestation with resultant losses of vital biodiversity. In this paper, we provided an assessment of land degradation with drivers of deforestation in selected states in the Niger Delta. Data were collected with multi-stage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive and Tobit regression methods. Results show that average age of the farmers is 51.55 years with average years of education being 8 years. The farmers recognized a degraded land through the colour (20.79%), depth of the soil (4.4%) and performance of maize crop (71.73%). Deforestation is positively influenced by sex of the household heads, market distance, population per forest land, purchased land, sold land, fertile land and population density. Legislations for curtailing the pace of deforestation should be enforced with some hints on population control.

 [A.S. Oyekale and A.H. Adeleke Assessment of Land Degradation and Farm-Level Deforestation in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Life Sci J 2012;9(4):118-122]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.20

Keywords: land degradation, deforestation, legislations, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Health Expenditures and Households’ Caregiver Preferences in Ogun State, Nigeria

Onademeru, S.⁺ and A.S. Oyekale⁺⁺

⁺Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁺⁺Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa.

asoyekale@yahoo.com

Abstract:The study seeks to determine the factors that influence public health care seeking behaviour based on the poverty status of households in rural areas. The primary data were collected with well-structured questionnaire while the secondary data were obtained from the local government health records. Descriptive analytical methods, benefit incidence analysis and Multinomial logit regression were employed for data analysis. The results show that average spending on health by households is N456.40, while the health subsidy accruing to household from government is N687.98. Benefit incidence analysis shows majority of government spending accrue to the poorest segment of the population. Also, the factors that significantly influence (p<0.05) households patronage of private clinics are years of education, presence of hygiene facilities and registration cost. Furthermore, age of household head, family size, presence of hygiene facilities, communication access (GSM), drug and registration cost will make household patronise chemist. Years of education of household head, registration cost and hygiene facilities will make household patronise self-care. Adequate education to alert households of the risks involved in inadequate decision regarding health problems and adequate funding of government hospitals were recommended, among others.

[Onademeru, S. and A.S. Oyekale. Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Health Expenditures and Households’ Caregiver Preferences in Ogun State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):123-130]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.21

Keywords: public health, poverty, benefit incidence analysis, Ogun state

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Large Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complexes On Urban Spaces Case Study: Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex District 22 of Tehran Municipality

Seyyed Rahim Moshiri, Ahmad Donya Mal

 Faculty, Tehran Science and Research Department, Islamic Azad University

 PhD Student, Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran Science and Research Department,

Islamic Azad University. donyamali.a@gmail.com

Abstract: Result of studies conducted and predictions made by World Bank and other international organizations indicate that two third of world population will live in the urban areas in the third millennium. Urban living in Iran has experienced a rapid growth during past 4 decades. Increased numbers of cities, wide spread migration from rural areas, and higher birth rate have significantly increased urban population. Higher disposable income and reduced work hours have improved social welfare. These changes have produced complicated and encompassing consequences in urban areas at national and local levels, including air and environmental pollution, densely populated urban areas, plus difficulties and inequalities in city and social services. Providing for social needs of various age groups in such circumstances and under heavy influence from world developments require extensive planning. A part of this planning includes provision of additional public recreational spaces. The complicated nature of urban living demands special focus on projects which may contribute to social welfare by increasing the available public areas including recreational parks. One such project is Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex in District 22 of Tehran Municipality. This project is being implementing on a 150 hectare divided into seven zones assigned for recreation, tourism, sports, education, cultural activities, and public services. This project is one of a kind in Iran and Middle East. Hezar O Yek Shahr project is already under development at a total estimated cost of about $2 billion. As an indication of the size of this undertaking, this project will require 993,000 cubic meters of earth removal and 404,000 cubic meters of filling. This complex will have various subdivisions for hotels, shopping centers, recreation area, water-park, and amusement center. The amusement park alone will have 83 attractions. It is estimated that 141961 visitors will visit this complex per day. Article 50 of Iran Civil Laws and article 172 of The 5^th Iran National Development Plan require environmental impact assessment of any project to be undertaken by any large production, industrial, service, and infrastructural unit. In compliance with the legal requirements, the environmental impact of this large and significant project was assessment in this study by using Pastakia Matrix. This study examined the impact of 18 civil and infrastructural activities on environmental parameters in two phases of project construction and operations. The results of this study showed that the project implementation option had higher number of positive impacts. Consequently, the implementation of this project is preferable over non-implementation option. However, project implementation is supported as the final decision subject to implementation of certain management measurements.

[Seyyed Rahim Moshiri Ahmad Donya Mali. Environmental Impact Assessment of Large Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complexes On Urban Spaces Case Study:Hezar O Yek Shahr Recreational, Sports, and Cultural Complex District 22 of Tehran Municipality. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):131-152] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.22

Keywords: Hezar O Yek Shahr Tourist, Recreational, and Sports Complex, City Tourism, Urban Living, Environmental Impact.

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Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Valproic acid in albino mice, Histological and Histoistochemical studies

Ibrahim, M. A

Department of zoology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University

Basma_rw@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is an abnormal functional state of the central nervous system that is characterized by uncontrolled nerve cell activity and clinicaly by convulsive seizure with or without loss of consciousness. Valproic acid is widely used antiepileptic medication and has sever toxic effect on liver, this study aimed to investigate the histopathological and histochemical changes due to the effects of therapeutic dose (25mg/kg b.w.) of antiepileptic drug (Valproic acid) in albino mice. Material and methods: Forty mice were used, they were divided into four groups, one group serves as control group and the other three groups (A, B and C) administered the drug as follow: Group A received Valproic acid for 15 days, group B received Valproic acid for 30 days and group C, the recovery group (animals were administrated with drugs for 30 days then administration was stopped for another 10 days). The animals were sectioned 24 hours after the last dose, liver was taken for histopathological and histochemical studies. Results: The drug induces toxic effects on liver tissue which showed vacuolar degenerative changes, hypertrophied nucleus with fragmented chromatine, inflammatory cells aggregates and congested vasculature.Conclusion: Valproic acid has sever toxic effects on liver tissue and the toxicity was time related. Sort of recovery was recorded after discontinuation of the drug so its effect was reversible.

 [Ibrahim,M. A. Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Valproic acid in albino mice, Histological and Histoistochemical studies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):153-159] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.23

Key words: liver- tissue- valproic acid- hepatotoxicity.

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Optimal operation of a Microgrid in the Power Market Environment by PSO Algorithm

Mehdi Akbarpour ^1*, Rasoul Esmailnia shirvani², Mohammad Lohi³, Hosein khalilifar⁴

 ^1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Minab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Minab, Iran

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nour, Iran

^3. Hormozgan Electrical Power Distribution Company, Hormozgan, Iran

^4. Nima Consultant Engineering Company, Iran

akbarpourmehdi@gmail.com

Abstract- In this paper for optimal operation of a microgrid a model is represented including wind turbine, photo voltaic, generator diesel, battery bank, converter, critical load and controllable load. This Microgrid Management System (MMS) generates an optimum operation plan for a microgrid on next day. Modeled microgrid has ability of converting electric energy to main grid. At proposal model, uncertainty in predicting wind velocity is considered. Operation of this microgrid with purpose of reduction of cost is optimized. In this paper, the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) is used for optimization. At the end of a model example for applying the results of the proposed model will be examined and analyzes the results. Results show that the model is an appropriate method for the operation of this microgrid.

[Mehdi Akbarpour, Rasoul Esmailnia shirvani, Mohammad Lohi, Hosein khalilifar. Optimal operation of a Microgrid in the Power Market Environment by PSO Algorithm. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):160-170]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.24

Keywords: Microgrid, Optimal Operation, Reduction of Cost, Uncertainty, Power Market, PSO Algorithm

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A Hybrid Intelligent Information System for the Administration of Massive Mass of Hajjis

Mohamed Osama Khozium

Department of Engineering, MCC-UQU, Center of Research Excellence in Hajj and Omrah (Hajj Core)

Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

osama@khozium.com

Abstract: In this paper the development of a hybrid intelligent information system for the administration of massive Hajjis crow has been described. The main objective is to design an information system to manage the crowd during one of Hajj rituals, "Nafra" so as to avoid crowding disasters. The developed system incorporates data acquisition and processing via several thermal cameras deployed as sensors at strategic points on “Nafra” access roads. The sensors are linked to an analysis module, which in turn measures crowd flow and density in real time. The analysis results are fed into a fuzzy logic module to determine the priority of roads with respect to their widths and lengths. Then, the integrated decision support system generates decisions to the controllers in order for them to take the appropriate actions. Hybridization is done by integrating fuzzy logic, operations research and decision support to produce alternate decisions to the system controllers enable them to control the movement of the huge crowd. The paper illustrates different system components. It also describes the architecture of each component as well as the architecture of the entire system. A complete case study is illustrated with real snap shots of system screens in order to prove the system methodology. The results show solid decisions that help the authorities manage the huge pilgrim crowds. The system can contribute to provide complete safety for crowds during the “Nafra” event that attracts millions each year.

[Mohamed Osama Khozium. A Hybrid Intelligent Information System for the Administration of Massive Mass of Hajjis. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):171-180]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.25

Keywords: Hajj, Islamic informatics, hybrid crowd management, crowd density estimation, crowd monitoring

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Clinical and Laboratory Examinations of Diarrhea and Dehydration in Newborn Friesian Calves with Special Reference to Therapy with Hypertonic and Isotonic Solution

Abdel Khalek R. El-sheikh.¹, Hayam M. Samy Morsy², Tarek H. Allam Abbas² and Wafaa M. Abdelrazik¹

¹Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University ²Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, ³Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, Egypt

onetwovet@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried on 61 calves from different farms at Sharkia governorate. From these calves 25(healthy control calves) and 36 diarrheic dehydrated calves were used for this study. The calves had normal body temperature. The clinical signs of the diseased calves included a whitisg to yellowish diarrhea with foetid odour and highly moisture percent of faeces. Moderate and severe dehydration were recorded including varying degree of dryness of skin, sunked eyes, recumbency, sometimes coma and death occurred. 18 calves showed hyperpnea with standing position but need help to stand (moderate degree of dehydration and clinical acidosis). Other 18 calves showed lrecombency, a decrease of heart beats and respiratory rates (severe degree of dehydration and clinical acidosis). Blood analysis of diseased calves showed acidemia as well as a significant increase in erythrocytic count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume with a non significant variation in Leucocytic count. Serum analysis showed an increase of the total protein, total solids, a significant increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as hyponatremia, hypocholoremia and hyperkalamia. Thereapeutic trials: Antidiarrheal drugs as well as isotonic solution in moderate dehydration and hypertonic together with isotonic in severe dehydration were used for treatment. It could be concluded that diarrhea and dehydration in calves has a harmful effect on general health condition, gastrointestinal tract, body fluid, blood, serum and faecal contents. Hypertonic together with isotonic solution and antidiarrheic drugs safe the animal life and control this problem.

[Abdel Khalek R. El-sheikh, Hayam M. Samy Morsy, Tarek H. Allam Abbas and Wafaa M. Abdelrazik. Clinical and Laboratory Examinations of Diarrhea and Dehydration in Newborn Friesian Calves with Special Reference to Therapy with Hypertonic and Isotonic Solution. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):181-184]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.26

Key words: Calves, Diarrhoea, Dehydration, blood, serum, hypertonic, isotonic solution.

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Seroepidemiology evaluation of Toxoplasma IgG values in women at their marriage age and pathogenesis factors

Hossein Ali khazaei¹,Mohammad Bokaeian², Mani Javadimehr³, Gholam Reza Soleimani⁴, Amin Khazaei⁵, Behzad Narouie^*6, Mohammad Jafari Modrak⁷ and Agheel Miri⁸

1: Department of Immunology & Hematology, School of Medicine, Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

2: Department of Microbiology, Paramedicine College, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

3: Department of Medical English, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran

4: Department ofPediatrics, Research center for children and adolescences health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

5: Dentist,Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

6: General Practitioner, Researcher of Clinical Research Development Center, Ali -Ebne -Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

7: Department ofParasitology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

8: General Practitioner, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Behzad Narouie (MD), Researcher of Clinical Research Development Center, Ali-Ebne- Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan-Iran; Email: b_narouie@yahoo.com; Telefax: +98541_3414103

Abstract: Protozoan Toxoplasma gondi is an important cause of serious infections spreading among the human population and domestic animals in the world and the chronic phase in animals is after asymptomaticsyndromes. What's disease, acute infection, asymptomatic? In allcases of acute infection due to the persistence of parasite cysts observed, the disease is caused by the reactivation of cysts. Married women exposed to the disease could predispose them to disease, This study aimed at determining the level of IgG antibodies at the time of their marriage counseling has been done in Zahedan. During this descriptive – analytical study, 280 women referring to the Razmjoo moghaddam central laboratory of Zahedan from February 2009- to December 2009 were measured for IgG by ELISA method. Then blood samples were taken from them and the level of blood IgG antibody was measured by ELISA method and the results with obtained IgM measurement and their relationship with demographic issues, including those of residence, education level, were noted. Home cat care and pet at home, and how the meat is cooked were surveyed.28.2% of patients with type IgG antibodies were having significant positive correlation with the maintenance of home cats and how the meat was cooked. In other words, women who kept cats in their home and had half-cooked or raw meat to eat, showed increased positive antibody. The results of these studies indicated that a high percentage of susceptible women of childbearing in Zahedan city, were without a note of antibodies against Toxoplasma and thus they are susceptible to infection. Thus in order to prevent infection of susceptible pregnant women and prevent problems that may arise during pregnancy, awareness and control of pathogens associated with disease, education and health care practice, are recommended.

[Hossein Ali khazaei, Mohammad Bokaeian, Mani Javadimehr, Gholam Reza Soleimani, Amin Khazaei, Behzad Narouie, Mohammad Jafari Modrak and Agheel Miri. Seroepidemiology evaluation of Toxoplasma IgG values in women at their marriage age and pathogenesis factors. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):185-190]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.27

Keywords: Antibody, Toxoplasma gondi, ELISA

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The Condition of Hydrogen and Cell Battery in Iran

Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari¹, Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad², Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh³ and Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan²

¹Department of Agricultural, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

²Young Researchers Club, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Qazwin, Iran

³Department of Economics, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad, Email: Asadi_reza2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Today, the consequences of human intervention in the environment are more evident than any time before. Development has been synonymous with the nature and environment protection and in economic indexes of national accounts, such as gross domestic product, taking natural and environmental resources into account is so important. Energy is a basic need for economic development and providing welfare and comport for human life. Regarding what was said, the only way to human is using new clean green and renewable energies. Therefore in this study, in addition to a brief introduction on hydrogen energy and cell battery, the condition of these kinds of renewable energies in Iran will be discussed.

[Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari, Mohammad Reza Asadi Asad Abad, Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh and Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan. The Condition of Hydrogen and Cell Battery in Iran. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):191-196]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.28

Key words: energy- hydrogen- cell battery- Iran

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Rapid Detection of Bcr-Abl Fusion Proteins by Immunobead Assay Flow Cytometry in Leukemia Patients

Nihal M Heiba

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

nihalhieba@yahoo.com

Abstract: Philidalphia(Ph) chromosome [t(9;22)(q34;q11)] which results in the production of BCR-ABL fusion protein, with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity, is a hallmark of chronic myelod leukemia(CML) and present in a high risk group of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). This BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase has been specifically targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) which have profoundly modified the treatment and prognosis of the diseases harboring this genetic abnormality. Consequently, the rapid and accurate detection of BCR-ABL is of utmost importance in the diagnosis and optimal management of leukemias. Currently applied techniques are RT-PCR and cytogenetic analysis, which are costly, time-consuming, and require specialized laboratories. We utilized a recently developed immunoassay that qualitatively identifies the presence of BCR-ABL proteins in the leukemic cell lysate. The BCR-ABL is captured and detected by a cytobead assay and analysed by flow cytometry. We aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of this technique in detecting BCR-ABL in ALL patients and identifying CML cases among CML-suspected patients. The assay was conducted on 100 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of 20 healthy controls, 55 patients suspected of having CML and 25 ALL patients. Results were compared to those obtained by conventional karyotyping and flouresence in situ hybridization (FISH). BCR-ABL protein was positive in 35/55(63.6%) of CML suspected cases and 15/25(60%) ALL cases with 100% concordance with cytogenetic analysis data. The procedure was simple and feasible and proved to be reliabe in rapidly idenyifying CML cases and Ph+ALL allowing for their prompt management.

[Nihal M Heiba. Rapid Detection of Bcr-Abl Fusion Proteins by Immunobead Assay Flow Cytometry in Leukemia Patients. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):197-203]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.29

Key words: BCR/ABL, flow cytometry, acute leukemia.

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Self Esteem, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore (India)

*Moslem Cherabin¹, Dr. Praveena, K. B.²_, Hamid Mohammad Azimi³, Ali Qadimi⁴, Roghaiyeh Shahani Shalmani⁵,

*Moslem Cherabin¹ (Corresponding author)

Research Scholar in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore, *Moslem_yk2008@yahoo.com

²Dr. Praveena, K. B.

Asst. Professor in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore, friendlypraveen@gmail.com

³Hamid Mohammad Azimi, ⁴Ali Qadimi, ⁵Roghaiyeh Shahani Shalmani

Research Scholars in Education, Department of Studies in Education, University of Mysore

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the demographic variables of length of teaching experience and age, affects self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of faculty members of educational colleges in Mysore (India). In addition, the study aimed to find out the relationship between the three variables i.e. self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of faculty members of educational colleges in Mysore. This research has been designed with a descriptive model. The study was carried out on all the faculty members who are working in educational colleges, affiliated to the University of Mysore in Mysore. The sample for the present study was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. About 165 survey questionnaires were distributed in 2012.Multiple follow ups yielded 134 statistically usable questionnaires. For collecting data, three standard measures of Rosenberg self esteem scale (1965), a job satisfaction scale developed by Singh and Sharma (1999) and organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Steers, and Porter (1979) were used to confirming the research hypotheses; and for analyzing the obtained data, the statistical methods of one way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). The findings of the study indicated a significant difference between length of teaching experience and age of faculty members with reference to their self esteem. But with regard to job satisfaction and organizational commitment there was no significant differences. Test statistics revealed that teacher’s self esteem, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were mutually related. Based on the results of this study, self esteem was found to be negatively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. These findings are important since previous research has not tested these variables together.

[Cherabin M, Praveena K.B, Mohammad Azimi H, Qadimi A, Shahani Shalmani R. Self Esteem, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore (India). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):204-214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.30

Keywords: Self esteem; job satisfaction; organizational commitment; educational college; faculty member

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The Comparison of Intracoronary Versus Intravenous Eptifibatide Administration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Morteza Safi MD¹, Mohammad Hasan Namazi MD1, Hosein Vakili MD1, Habibollah Saadat MD1, Ramin Khameneh Bagheri MD2^*, Javad Ramezani MD2, Mostafa Ahmadi MD3, Amin Sahebi MD4

[1]Cardiovascular Department, Shahid Beheshti Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

2 Cardiovascular Department, Emam Reza Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Cardiovascular Department, Ghaem Educational, Research and Treatment Center,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4Cardiovascular surgery Department, Emam Reza Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

drramin2004@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Administration of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, including eptifibatide is an effective adjunctive treatment strategy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Recent data suggest that the intracoronary administration of these drugs during PPCI may increase the efficacy of them. Methods: A total of 40 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing PPCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were randomized to either intracoronary or intravenous two boluses of eptifibatide (0.180 µg/kg) each 10 minutes. The primary endpoints of the trial were enzymatic infarct size, myocardial reperfusion measured as ST-segment resolution (STR), and post-procedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade flow of infarct related artery. The secondary endpoints were intra-procedural adverse effect (arrhythmia) and no-reflow phenomenon, in-hospital mortality, reinfarction, hemorrhage and post-procedural global systolic function. Results: Post-procedural TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 95% and 90% of the intracoronary (IC) and intravenous (IV) groups (P=0.61). The enzymatic infarct size assessed by the area under the curve of creatine phosphokinase-mb (CPK-mb) in the first 48 hours after PPCI (µmol.L-1.h-1) was similar in the IC and IV groups with 7206 (IQR, 5346.75 to 10384.50) versus 7294 (IQR, 10384.50 to 10384.50), P=0.87. Complete STR was achieved in 55% and 40% of the IC and IV groups (P=0.27). No deaths, urgent revascularizations, reinfarctions, or TIMI major bleeding events were observed among the both groups. Conclusion: Although, the IC administration of eptifibatide is safe, but does not add a benefit in comparison to the standard IV route.

[Morteza Safi MD, Mohammad Hasan Namazi MD, Hosein Vakili MD, Habibollah Saadat MD, Ramin Khameneh Bagheri MD, Javad Ramezani MD, Mostafa Ahmadi MD, Amin Sahebi MD. The Comparison of Intracoronary Versus Intravenous Eptifibatide Administration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):215-222]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.31

Keywords: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, ST elevation myocardial infarction, Eptifibatide, Intracoronary, Intravenous.

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Effects of Inducing Plant Growth on performance and performance Components of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Ahmad Karimi^1*, Mehdi Tajbakhsh², Reza Amir nia³, Ali-Reza Eivazi⁴, Korosh Karimi⁵

^1. Young researchers club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University

^2. Full Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Urmia University

^3. Asistant Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Urmia University

^4. Researcher in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Western Azerbaijan,Urmia-Iran

^5. Young researchers club, khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University

Corresponding email: Ahmad_karimi@hotmail.com

In order to examine the effect of spraying plant growth inducers on performance and performance components of corn in the double-cross 704 corn, a test in the form of a randomized complete block design under condition of a farm with eight replications and six treatments of plant growth inducers, Marmarine, HB_101, auxin, cycocel, ethephon and control was performed. Analysis of variance of data showed that characteristics of the number of rows of grain, number of grains per row, number of grains per maize, grain weight per maize, weight of 1000 grains, cob weight, grain performance and harvest index were significant at the 5% level. The Marmaryn, HB-101 and auxin treatment led to increase in the number of rows of grain, number of grains per row, number of grains per maize, grain weight per maize, weight of 1000 grains, cob weight, grain performance and harvest index. So that the greatest value was related to Marmarine treatment, then HB_101 treatment and eventually auxin treatment. Also, Cycocel did not indicate any significant effect on the performance and performance components of corn except for reducing the weight of 1000 grains. Ethephon decreased grain number per row, number of grains per maize, weight of 1000 grains and cob weight, but its impact on the performance was not statistically significant.

[Ahmad Karimi, Mehdi Tajbakhsh, Reza Amir nia, Ali-Reza Eivazi, Korosh Karimi. Effects of Inducing Plant Growth on performance and performance Components of Corn (Zea mays L.). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):223-229]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.32

Key words: performance components, inducing plant growth substances, and corn.

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Rule of Rectal Manometry in Late Management of Fecal Incontinence in Patients Treated By Posterior Sagital Anorectoplasty

Jamal S. Kamal

FRCSI, FACS, King Abdul Aziz university, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

drjamalkamal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Eleven patients with proximal types of imperforated anus (mean age 15 Y) were evaluated clinically by a single examiner and by rectal manometric studies. All were males with problems related to fecal continence. It was found that local examination alone is enough to put a plan for further management with no need for Manometric evaluation.

[Jamal S. Kamal. Rule of Rectal Manometry in Late Management of Fecal Incontinence in Patients Treated By Posterior Sagital Anorectoplasty. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):230-233]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33.

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.33

Key words: long term management – local examination

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The Impact of Selected Aerobic Aquatic Exercises on the Depression and Happiness Levels of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (M.S)

Seyyed Mahmoud Hejazi¹, Mahmoud Soltani^1*, Seyyedeh Asiyeh Ardalan Javan², Farnaz Aminian², Seyyed Mehdi Hashemi³

^1. Department of Physical Education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

^2. MSc of Physical Education and Sport Sciences

^3. Msc of pathology and corrective actions, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

Soltani.mahmood@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The chronic nature of the disease, lack of prognosis, lack of any definitive cure and affecting the individual in the young age will cause several mental disorders in patients, including depression and low rate of happiness. Objective: Evaluation the effect of aquatic exercise programs on depression and happiness levels of the patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S). Methodology: In this quasi-experimental research, 40 patients with M.S. with grades 1 to 4 were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The exercise program was performed for the experimental group for eight weeks, three sessions per week with 50-60 percent of the maximum heart rate. The depression and happiness rates were evaluated using the Beck Depression questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire at intervals before and after the exercise. Analysis of the data was performed by independent t test, and the data normalization was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The test group, regarding the depression level (p < 0.001) and happiness level (p < 0.002) after exercise had significant changes compared to the pre-exercise time. Thus, the mean differences for depressions and happiness levels of these two groups were obtained respectively as 4.65 and -7.80. Conclusion: Regular aquatic exercise provides more productive emotional communications and also causes the improvement of depression and increased happiness in M.S. patients. Hence, doing these exercises is recommended as an effective non-pharmacologic therapy method in addition to drug therapy.

[Mohammad Bagher Toorang. Evaluation of Golshan Shabestari and Raz mashahed’s characteristics. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):234-240] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.34

Key words: Multiple sclerosis, Aquatic exercise, Depression, Happiness

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Distribution of Radionuclides in the Leachates for Several Rock Types at Different Time Intervals

A. Nada

Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

afafhero_nada@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the present study, the behavior of the different isotopes activity concentrations for three different rock samples (siltstone, shale and sandy dolomite) as well as in the different leachates of these rocks were studied at different time intervals, using a HP-Ge spectrometer. The activity concentration of ²³⁸U for the leachates gradually increases while that for ²³⁵U is nearly constant. The results revealed that the solubility gradually decrease from ²³⁵U to ²³⁴U, ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra respectively. The reason for the higher ²³⁴U concentrations in leachates is due to α- recoil process which enhances the mobilization and solubility of the decay product of ²³⁴U relative to the parent (²³⁸U).Also the²³⁸U activity concentration percent in leachates to that in origin samples increases towards equilibrium state due to the growth of the ²³⁴Th. It is noticed that the²³⁸U% of siltstone and shale are very close and higher compared to dolomite which is much less in spite of the higher activity of the dolomite rock sample. The ratio (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) for the first measurement of the leachates was considered at zero time as 1.09±0.17, 1.4±0.21 and 1.6±0.18 for siltstone, shale and sandy dolomite respectively. The enrichment of ²³⁴U is accordingly related to the crystal damage and leaching, which are the main mechanisms for the (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) disequilibrium. The variations in the activity ratio (⁽²³⁸U/²³⁵U) are related to the increase in the activity concentration of ²³⁸U with time and also to very little variations in ²³⁵U.The solubility for Ra, Th, and K are very low and mainly remain in the residuals.

[A. Nada. Distribution of Radionuclides in the Leachates for Several Rock Types at Different Time Intervals. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):241-248]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.35

Key Words: Gamma-spectrometry; Leachates of rock types; Uranium activity ratios.

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The Use of Different Laboratory Methods in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection; A Comparative Study

Nermin H. Ibrahim ^(a*), Azza Abdulazim Gomaa^(a), Mohamed Ahmed Abu-Sief ^(b), Tamer M. Hifnawy^(c), Mervat Abd El-Baseer Tohamy ^(a)

^aMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt

^bInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt

^cPublic Health and Community Medicine Department, Beni Suef University, Egypt

*nerhassan@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori are well recognized as a major cause of gastrointestinal illnesses and gastric cancers. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess different methods for detection of H. pylori in the oral cavity (saliva and dental plaque) and in gastric biopsy among patients with gastric affection, as well as, detection of H. pylori antigen in stool. Moreover, to evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated strains. Methods: Specimens were obtained from Endoscopy Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Thirty patients were subjected to detailed history and different sampling; gastric biopsy, oral and stool samples. The oral and gastric samples were processed and cultured. Thereafter, microscopic examination and rapid urease tests (RUTs) were conducted. The isolates were identified and evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibility to several antibiotics. Results: The selected patients had a mean age of 36.23 + 6.317 years. They included 17 males (56.7%) and 13 females (43.3%). 90% of the cases were found positive by culture of the gastric biopsies, while, 96.7% were positive in oral cultures. 92.5% of the gastric samples showed positive results by microscopic examination, however, RUTs were positive in 63.3% of the gastric samples and in 73.3% of the oral samples, meanwhile, 66.7% of patients were found positive by testing their stool for H.pylori antigens. The prevalence of resistance among gastric and oral isolates to Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin/Clavulinic acid, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Clarithromycin, Tetracycillin and Metronidazole were; (3.7 and 17.2 %), (11.1 and 24.1 %), (11.1 and 20.7 %), (11.1 and 24.1 %), (25.9 and 37.9 %) and (96.3 and 100 %) respectively. Conclusion: There is an evidenced association between gastric affection and oral H. pylori recognition that even exceeds stool detection of H. pylori antigen. Moreover, continuous evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility should be carried out and clinicians should be aware about it to select the appropriate empiric regimen for H. pylori eradication.

 [Nermin H. Ibrahim, Azza Abdulazim Gomaa, Mohamed Ahmed Abu-Sief, Tamer M. Hifnawy^, Mervat Abd El-Baseer Tohamy The Use of Different Laboratory Methods in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection; A Comparative Study. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):249-259]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.36

Key words: H. pylori, gastric diseases, antibiotic susceptibilities, RUT, Oral H. pylori

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New Binary PSO based Method for finding best thresholds in association rule mining

Abdoljabbar Asadi¹, Mehdi Afzali², Azad Shojaei ^*3, Sadegh Sulaimani⁴

¹ Department of Computer Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Ira

² Department of Information Technology Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

^{3 *}Department of Computer, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran

⁴ IT and Computer Eng. Dept., University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Azad.Shojaei@gmail.com

Abstract: One of the important data mining techniques is association rule finding. Apriori is the most famous algorithm based on this technique. But it has a major weakness which cannot calculate the minimal value of support and confidence and these parameters is estimating intuitively by the user and this has an important effect on the algorithm performance. Main goal of this paper is to presenting an optimal method to find suitable values of minimum threshold for support and confidence by means of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization. Data used for the paper is a 4000 random records sample from Foodmart 2000 Database. Implementation of the proposed method has been done using R2010b version of MATLAB software. Proposed algorithm improves the performance of association rule mining by automatically setting suitable values for minimum support and confidence thresholds.. [Abdoljabbar Asadi, Mehdi Afzali,Azad Shojaei, Sadegh Sulaimani, New Binary PSO based Method for finding best thresholds in association rule mining. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):260-264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.37

Keywords: data mining, association rule mining, minimal support, minimal confidence, particle swarm optimization

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Metabolic diseases: disease problems of Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goats

Farzad Abdollahzadeh*¹, Tofiq Froghi ²

^1,2 Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Farzad.Abdolahzadeh@gmail.com

Abstract: A metabolic disease technically refers to altered metabolism, but as used in this context refers to conditions which have their origin in nutrition or management as contrasted to infection. There are a number of such conditions which can occur with sheep and goats, but seldom represent a major constraint under commercial conditions. Included in these are acidosis, bloat, grass tetany, milk fever, posthitis, swelling disease (edema), urinary calculi, white muscle disease, etc,. Few of these actually cause serious troubles with goats under grazing conditions.

[Farzad Abdollahzadeh, Tofiq Froghi. Metabolic diseases: disease problems of Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goats. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):265-269] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.38

Keywords: Metabolic Diseases, Markhoz Goat, Iranian Angora

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The effects of some agricultural By-products on blood metabolites, chewing behavior and physical characteristics of dairy cow diets

Farzad. Abdollahzadeh¹, Rahim Abdulkarimi*²

^1,2Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

E-mail: Rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding ensiled mixed tomato and apple pomace (EMTAP) on blood metabolites and chewing behavior of dairy cow. Six multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation were used in 3×3 Latin square design and fed alfalfa hay plus concentrate mixture with three levels replacement with EMTAP (0, 15, 30%) during 63 days. Results showed that, differences between treatments were significant. Feeding EMTAP resulted in higher glucose, cholesterol, BHBA, triglyceride, and total protein (P<0.01) concentrations then control diet. Data showed that, total eating time (hours per day) was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by treatments, but time spent eating, ruminating and total chewing activity per daily intake (kg) of DM and NDF decreased significantly with increasing EMTAP in diet. It was concluded that, EMTAP can efficiently replace up to 30% alfalfa hay. The nutritive value of tomato and apple pomace could be improved when they are used together (50:50) in dairy cows diet.

[Farzad abdollahzadeh, Rahim Abdulkarimi. The effects of some agricultural By-products on blood metabolites, chewing behavior and physical characteristics of dairy cow diets. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):270-274] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.39

Key words: blood metabolites; chewing behavior, agricultural By-products.

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Metabolic Bone Disease in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Naglaa F. Boraey¹, Ahmad Addosooki², Mohammad A. Mohammad³ Marwa M. El-Sonbaty⁴, and Safinaz E. El-Toukhy⁵

¹Department of Pediatrics; ²Orthopedics; and ³Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; ⁴Department of Child Health, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; ⁵Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, K.S.A. and Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. naglaboraey@yahoo.com

Abstract: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) may be at risk for metabolic bone disease (MBD) because of biochemical derangements caused by the renal disease, as well as the corticosteroid effects on bone. We studied 70 children with INS for clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence of MBD. These patients were divided into two groups: 55 frequent relapsers (FR; group I), and 15 infrequent relapsers (IFR; group II). Thirty healthy children matched for age and sex constituted the control group. Bone mineral density (BMD) of these children was evaluated by the Achilles Express Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) device. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze factors predictive of low BMD T- score. We observed that nephrotic children had significantly lower mean BMD T- scores compared with controls (-1.99 ± 0.74 versus -0.39 ± 0.87; P = <0.0001). Also, children in group I were found to have significantly lower mean BMD T- scores compared with group II (-2.1± 0.67 versus -1.31± 0.64; P = <0.0001). We also observed that 32.7% of group I had osteoporosis compared to none of group II (P= 0.01). Significantly higher doses of steroids over longer duration of therapy were administered to group I compared with group II (P = < 0.0001 and 0.0004 respectively). On multivariate analysis, the only factor found to be predictive of a low BMD T-score was greater cumulative steroid dose (P= 0.02). We concluded that children with INS are at risk for MBD, especially those receiving higher doses of steroids. Regular BMD evaluation and appropriate therapeutic interventions are recommended for these children. The role of prophylactic therapy in such patients needs to be further investigated.

[Naglaa F. Boraey, Ahmad Addosooki, Mohammad A. Mohammad; Marwa M. El-Sonbaty, Safinaz E. El-Toukhy. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):275-280]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.40

Key words: Metabolic bone disease, Nephrotic syndrome, Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis.

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The Consequences of Divorce on Individual, Family and Society

Shamsi Miri Ghaffarzadeh*¹, Hassan Nazari ²

¹Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

² Department of Management, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

E-mail: solarraha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Divorce is an effect of several complicated psychosocial causes. It is an obvious reason for the underlying conflicts, lacking the balance and harmony of a relationship, which lead couples through a decision making process to end up their marriage. In all cultures, divorce has not been welcome. Reviewing statistics and studies on its causes that strived to find solutions for its reduction, indicates the significance of divorce and the traces of its negative effects left on various aspects of the human society. Divorce, either directly or indirectly, affects the mental health of couples, children, relatives and friends. The lack of comprehensive and inclusive studies on this issue urged us to set the aim of this study to identify the consequences of divorce.

[Shamsi Miri Ghaffarzadeh, Hassan Nazari. Consequences of Divorce. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):281-285] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.41

Keywords: Consequences, Divorce, Individual, Family, Society.

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HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) culture assessment via HSEMS (Health, Safety and Environmental Management System) (Case study in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company)

¹Almassi, Zia addin(phd), ²RamazanMirzaei, ³ Mahnaz nasrAbadi, ⁴*Hedayat Allah Kalantari, ⁵ Alireza Ghaseminejad

¹University lecture, University of Environment, karaj, IRAN

²Health promotion research center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zahedan, IRAN

³Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

⁴Department of HSE (Ms), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, IRAN

⁵Arvandan Oil and Gas HSE Manager, Software Engineer, IRAN

*hdk_1359@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays it's believed that most of the accidents in industries are due to inconsideration and mistakes made by worker rather than errors in equipment and machines. So it seems that implanting an appropriate HSE culture would be a useful step toward a decrease in workplace accidents. Obviously developing an HSE culture first corrects individual behaviors then decreases human errors. Although implantation of an HSE culture deals with a number of factors, based on the results of the current study, management is the key factor. In fact values, incentives and behavioral patterns that show commitment to work methods and abilities of an HSE culture, are the main material which build the HSE culture. This study mainly discusses HSE cultures including commitment, leadership, policy, strategic objectives, organization, documentation, resources, risk assessment and management, planning, stability and revision and auditing. In this study, 175 employees of Arvandan Oil and Gas Company were chosen by Morgan table out of 320 employees then the questionnaires were distributed among them. Reliability and perpetuity of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (0.971). Data from the questionnaire was transferred to data bank and statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS19 software. The desirability of the HSE culture was classified in a 5-point range using Likert's scale, ranging from "completely desirable" to "completely undesirable". Results of T and Friedman test showed that cultural elements of HSE are in a desirable level in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company.

[Almassi, Zia addin, RamazanMirzaei, Mahnaz nasrAbadi, Hedayat Allah Kalantari, Alireza Ghaseminejad. HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) culture assessment via HSEMS (Health, Safety and Environmental Management System) (Case study in Arvandan Oil and Gas Company). Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):286-293]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.42

Key words: system, management, safety management, health and environment, culture, HSE culture

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The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction of Couples

Askari Asghari Ganji (Corresponding author) *, Drshokouh Navabinezhad **

* Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Tel: 0037494244521, E-mail: asghariganji@yahoo.com

** Faculty Member, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The goal of the present research is to examine the relationship between locus of control and marital satisfaction of couples. The method of this research is descriptive one and of correlation kind. Statistical population includes the married students of Islamic Azad University of Sari. Research sample includes 62 couples who were selected by multi-step clustered sampling method. Research tools include locus of control (Rotter) and marital satisfaction (Enrich). Data was analyzed using of the methods of descriptive statistics and deductive statistics (The agreed correlation coefficient, X² square, and T-test). The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between internal locus of control and marital satisfaction of the couples. Also, results showed that there is no significant difference between the gender and the kind of locus of control, gender and level of marital satisfaction of the couples. Regarding the finding of the research, couples who suffer from decrease and dissatisfaction in marital relationship, have external locus of control, therefore, for improvement of marital relationship problems and having a coordinated, attractive and satisfactory marital relationship, it is suggested to replace internal control instead of external control.

[Askari Asghari Ganji, Drshokouh Navabinezhad. The Relationship between Locus of Control and Marital Satisfaction of Couples. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):294-298]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.43

Keywords: Locus of control, marital satisfaction of the couples

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Correlation between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CDH17 gene and Gastric Carcinoma

¹RenYin Chen, ¹XiaoBo Liu, ² Juan Chen, ¹JuanJuan Cao, ¹JianPing Yang, ¹Hui Meng, ³GuoQiang Zhao, ﹡YuFeng Zhang

Author’s Affiliations:¹ Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China and Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, Henan ² Zhengzhou University School of pharmaceutical Sciences ³ Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University，China

﹡Corresponding author: Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 450052 Phone:008613673665032 E-mail: zhangyufeng@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the world. The gene expression profile and molecular grouping of gastric cancer has been a challenging task due to its inherent complexity and variation among individuals.We sought to the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms in extron 6 A58G site of CDH17 gene and gastric carcinoma.The method of the polymerase chain reaction - conformation polymorphism single-strand (PCR-SSCP) was used to detect genotype, combined with DNA sequencing was used to check the correctness of genotype.①The genotype frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site: A/G type has 52 cases (76.47%), G/G type 11 patients (16.18%), A/A type 5 cases (7.35%). The allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A and G were 45.59%, 54.41% respectively.②The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has no significant correlation with the gender, age, size, invasion depth, macroscopic appearance, histologic type and differentiation of gastric carcinoma (P＞0.05). The genotype frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has correlation with lymph node metastasis and TNM grade of gastric carcinoma（P＜0.05).③The allele frequencies of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has no significant correlation with the gender, age, size, invasion depth, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM grade of gastric carcinoma(P＞0.05). The genotype frequencies and of CDH17 in extron 6 A58G site has correlation with lymph node metastasis and TNM grade in patients with gastric carcinoma.

[RenYin Chen, XiaoBo Liu, Juan Chen, JuanJuan Cao, JianPing Yang, Hui Meng, GuoQiang Zhao, YuFeng Zhang. Correlation between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CDH17gene and Gastric Carcinoma. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):299-303]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.44

Keywords: Gastric Carcinoma; the CDH17 Gene; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

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Continuing Issues in the Use of Pesticides for Procuring Life in Developing Countries

Dr. Venkatesh. J¹, Priya. S², Balasubramaniam. M³, Aarthy. C⁴, Thenmozhi. S⁵, Dr. Balasubramanie. P⁶

¹Associate Professor, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: venkijv@gmail.com

²Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: priyaashanmugam@gmail.com

³Ph.D Full Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: mailtoaarthy@gmail.com

⁴Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, Anna University: Chennai 600025, Regional Centre: Coimbatore, Jothipuram Post, Coimbatore – 641 047, Tamilnadu, India. Email: mbalu07@gmail.com

⁵Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Gnanamani College of Technology,

AK Sumuthiram, Pachal - 637018, Namakkal District. Tamilnadu, India. Email: thenmozhi.s1983@gmail.com

⁶Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,

Perundurai, Erode - 638 052. Tamilnadu, India. Email: pbalu_20032001@yahoo.co.in

Abstract – The basis for pesticide use in agriculture is that costs related with pesticide pollution are to be reasonable by its benefits, but this is not so apparent. Regarding the benefits by simple economic analysis has improved pesticide use in agriculture and thus produced pesticide persuaded public harms. This paper effort to explore the research gaps of the economic and social concerns of pesticide use in developing countries, predominantly with an example of India. We contend that although the negative sides of agricultural development. We assume that, if these difficulties are grasped and accounted for, the remunerations from the current use of pesticides could be remunerated by the costs of pollution and ill human health. This paper also explains different pathways and mechanisms for disregarding. In view of prospective and overall negative impacts of pesticide use, we recommend alternate ways of controlling pests such as unrestricted unified pest management along with education and training activities.

[Venkatesh. J, Priya. S, Balasubramaniam. M, Aarthy. C, Thenmozhi. S, Balasubramanie. P. Continuing Issues in the Use of Pesticides for Procuring Life in Developing Countries. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):304-308]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.45

Keywords: cost-analysis, developing countries, interdisciplinary, integrated pest management, relegation, pesticides.

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Advanced esophageal carcinoma without obvious superficial mucosal alteration

Zhu Jiang ^{1 2}, Xiangnan Li^{1 2}, Yang Yang ^{1 2}, Song Zhao ^{1 2}

^1. Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

^2. Lung cancer diagnosis and treatment research center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

zhaosong@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Objective: To explore the diagnosis, etiology, clinical feature and treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma with no obvious superficial mucosal alteration. Method: Between December 2004 to December 2009, we treated eight patients who suffered advanced esophageal cancer but were not found obvious superficial mucosal alteration by fiber-esophagoscopy. The bulging mucosa was smooth and biopsy examination showed chronic mucosal inflammatory. Without definite diagnosis, the patients (five men and three women) underwent esophagectomy in our department. Clinic data and tumor characteristics of them were analyzed retrospectively. Result: Two patients died after the operation, while the other six recovered uneventfully. Postoperative histological examination confirmed six squamous carcinoma (SCC) and two adenocarcinoma (ADC) and the tumor originated in the lamina propria mucosa, muscularis mucosae or submucosa, while mucous epithelium found no tumor cells. Until now, one patient is still alive more than five years, one survived about five years, three survived less than five years, and another one had been dead within two years. Conclusion: As the symptom of this kind tumor is mild and the diagnosis is difficult before surgery, the surgeons should be patient when they encounter these patients. Long time follow up is very important.

[Jiang Z, Yang Y, Li XN, Zhao S. Advanced esophageal carcinoma without obvious superficial mucosal alteration. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):309-311] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.46

Keywords: Esophageal carcinoma; submucosal carcinoma; surgery

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Semi-Settled Pastoralists’ Knowledge And Utilisation Of Hiv/Aids Prevention Techniques

¹Oladele O.T, ¹Olujide, M.G, ²Oladele O.I.

1. Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, South Africa, oladele20002001@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper examined Semi- Settled Pastoralists’ knowledge and Utilisation of HIV/AIDS Prevention Techniques in South West Nigeria. The derived savannah areas of Oyo and Ogun states of Nigeria were selected for the study due to high concentration of semi-settled pastoralists who are distributed within 5 and 10 Local Governments Areas (LGAs) in Ogun and Oyo States respectively. Fifty percent of the LGAs were randomly selected from each state. Ninety-four semi-settled pastoralists’ households were randomly selected from 1,174 in Ogun State, while 236 households were selected from 2,942 in Oyo State. An adult respondent was selected in each of the households to give a total of 330 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data relating personal characteristics, sources of HIV information and utilisation of HIV/AIDS prevention techniques. The result shows that the mean age of the respondents in Ogun State, Oyo State and across the states were 36.3, 38.7 and 38.0 respectively. Across the states, about 83.0% of the semi-settled pastoralists were below 51years of age. In terms of knowledge on HIV/AIDS prevention techniques were presented. Semi-settled pastoralists had high knowledge on 15 items. These include, sharing syringes / needles (), sharing of spouse (), sharing tattooing instrument () and screening blood before transfusion (). On the other hand, semi-settled pastoralists had low knowledge about items such as HIV can be transmitted through air (), HIV transmission through food (), pre-marital sex () and use of condoms () among others. Semi-settled pastoralists had high utilisation in 10 HIV/AIDS prevention techniques across the states. These include, screening of blood before transfusion (=0.8); usage of new needles for tattooing (=0.7); usage of new syringes and needles for injection (=0.7) and use of personal blade / razor for cutting my nails (0.7).

[Oladele O.T, Olujide, M.G, Oladele O.I. Semi-Settled Pastoralists’ Knowledge And Utilisation Of Hiv/Aids Prevention Techniques. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):312-318] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.47

Keywords: Pastoralists Information Sources, HIV/AIDS Prevention Techniques, Nigeria

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Cultural spaces in urban identity

Nasim Fazeli ¹, Shadi Babaei ¹, Behnam Ghasemzadeh (corresponding Author) ²

^1. Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Allameh Dehkhoda Higher Education Institute

^2. Department of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Behnam.ghasemzadeh@ymail.com

Abstract: Looking at valuable tissues, it is noticed that cultural spaces have the most important position in urban identity. City identity is the resultant of all forces for changing the city to a cohesive physical-social arena and to strengthen cultural-social prestige and structural phenomenology of urban identity using the effects of these arenas. What creates the urban identity is the coordination between architectural and urban spaces with the performance and the content of physical-social phenomena in a city. Cultural performance spaces are among the most important of these spaces which have the important and valuable role in the hierarchy of urban identity. This study investigates the importance and clear position of the spaces with the cultural using for strengthening and promoting the urban identity. This research in regard to implementation process is qualitative, descriptive and then analytical. The investigation and the concepts are based on library and documentation methods. The results indicate that cultural spaces can be considered as one of physical-social phenomena of a city. Despite of different problems in the design, cultural spaces should be built in coordination with the framework determined in the principles of urban identity. Hence in creating these spaces, a suitable design of the city identity can be imaged by benefiting from past experiences and new thinking. Whatever systematic principles of urban and architectural design have more effective communication with urban identity structure, the stability of urban identity will be provided.

[Shadi Babaei, Nasim Fazeli, Behnam Ghasemzadeh. Cultural spaces in urban identity. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):319-324] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.48

Keywords: Urban Identity, cultural Spaces, Architecture, Urban spaces

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The Anti-angiogenesis Properties of Two Tumstatin Synthetic Peptides in Infant Hemangioma

Yi-lun Liu^1*, Tuan-jie Hou^2*, Wei-hua Liu¹, Jing Sun³, Yue-ming Liu¹, Hai-rong Liu¹, Peng Ruan¹

¹ Department of Burns Surgery and Experiment Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500,China

² Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Center, Subei People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China

³ Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China.

^* These authors contributed equally to this work. E-mail: 13375280848@163.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to describe the anti-angiogenesis properties of the two tumstatin synthetic peptides, T3 and T7, which corresponded to 69-88, 74-98 respectively of amino acid sequence of tumstatin, on infantile hemangioma endothelial cells in vitro. The MTT assay results demonstrated that the tumstatin peptides, T3 and T7, could inhibit the proliferation of hemECs in the culture media with 0.025 volume fraction of FBS in a dose dependent manner. When the volume fraction of FBS in the culture media rose, it was deduced that more gowth factors exerted their effect promoting proliferation to the extent that the difference between different dose groups were covered up. Additionally, it was observed in the tumstatin peptides groups that the cell morphology had changed, the cells became contracted and sparse compared with the control group.Further, the cell cycle assay demonstrated that the two tumstatin peptides could arrest the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in the hemECs.This results were consistent with the prior MTT assay results, and showed the reasonable cause why the two peptides could inhibit the hemECs proliferation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the two tumstatin peptides could inhibit the migration of hemECs by the in vitro wound healing assay.

[Liu YL, Hou TJ, Liu WH, Sun J, Liu YM, Liu HR, Ruan P. The anti-angiogenesis properties of two tumstatin synthetic peptides in infant hemangioma. Life Sci J. 2012;9(4):325-329] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.49

Keywords: tumstatin; anti-angiogenesis; infant hemangioma; endothelial cells

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Detection of polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed chickens

Amin Shahabi¹, Hamid Reza Seyedabadi², Zahra Roudbari^*3

¹ Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University(IAU), Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.

³ Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

^*Corresponding author E-mail: rodbari.zahra@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to detect the polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed Chickens. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the primary apolipoprotein of low density lipoproteins, and is responsible for carrying cholesterol to tissues. The apoB gene is located on chromosome 3 and consists of thirty exons and twenty- nine introns. in this study, sixty sample selected of laying chickens native khazak breed to the region of Sistan and Baluchestan and DNA genomic was extracted from follicle end feather and genotyping by the PCR-RFLP method. The PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme AcyI and then separated electrophoresis using 2% agars gel. A mutation was identified on exon 26 in chromosome 3. AA, AB and BB Genotypes were detected in this population, respectively with frequency of 16.7, 28.3 and 55 percent. The frequency of an allele and B allele was estimated, respectively 0.3083 and 0.6917 percent. The B allele was more frequent than B allele and BB genotype was more frequent than other genotypes in this population. Chi square(χ²) test and G test showed Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium in the population and this polymorphism was approved using sequencing method with ABI sequencing system.Thus, according to the results observed and the important role of this gene in egg production, this gene appears to be an important candidate gene in native chickens used in breeding program.

[Amin Shahabi, Hamid Reza Seyedabadi, Zahra Roudbari. Detection of polymorphism in exon 26 of apoB gene in Khazak breed chickens. Life Sci J 2012; 9 (4):330-333] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.50

Key word: Polymorphism, ApoB gene, Khazak Chickens

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Nutrition and feeding: the type of nutrients required by Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goat

Tofiq Froghi, Azad Hosaini

Islamic Azad University, Maku Branch, Maku, Iran

tofiq.froghi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Goats are known to be both more able and more willing than some species to select and consume a wider variety of material and to select those plants or plant parts having higher nutritive value.The type of nutrients required by all animals is essentially the same and these are energy (carbohydrates, fat), protein, minerals, vitamins and water. Although fat is shown here as an energy source there does appear to be a limited requirement for fat itself, but this is not considered to represent a problem. These nutrients provide the raw materials or resources for body maintenance, muscular activity, growth (meat production), reproduction as well as milk and fiber production. Nutrients interact to serve different functions which will be reviewed briefly. Energy is obtained from dietary carbohydrates (sugars, starch and fiber) and fats. Protein is the nutrient which might be considered the second most limiting for both fiber and milk production in the Angora goat. Vitamins are a group of compounds which are required in minor amounts. Generally these are grouped as the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) or the water soluble vitamins (C and the B complex group).

[Tofiq Froghi, Azad Hosaini. Nutrition and feeding: the type of nutrients required by Markhoz (Iranian Angora) goat. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):334-338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.51

Keywords: Nutrition; Feeding; Markhoz goat

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Estimated income elasticity and price elasticity of olive in Iran

¹Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, ²Fatemeh Mohammadi and ³Farzaneh Taheri

^1,2,3 Department of Agricultural Economics,Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University,Marvdasht,Iran

*Corresponding author: mousavi_sn@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study is to consider the income elasticity and price elasticity of olive products on consumption in Iran using Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach in order to estimate the relationship between variables. The required data are in the Agri- jahad website, statistical state of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and also in different publishes of central bank for 1991-2007. The result of this study shows that both income and price variables whether in short time or long time have important effects on consume of this production and also compare the effects of this variables in short and long time and shows that use of olive in short time is sensible and meaningful.

[Seyed Nematollah Mousavi, Fatemeh Mohammadi and Farzaneh Taheri. Estimated income elasticity and price elasticity of olive in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):339-343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.52

Key words: ARDL method, Olive, FARS province, Income elasticity, Price elasticity.

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Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa

M A Rakhudu¹ A. Amaize²; U. Useh ¹ &. M Maselesele¹

1 North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa

2. Johns Hopkins University, United States of America

Abstract.: Purpose: This review examines various examples of collaboration in PBL implementation, particularly between academic and practice entities. Methods: The updated integrative review (IR) approach according to Whitemore and Knalf (2005) was utilized to guide this search and understand the extent to which PBL is collaboratively implemented in nursing education for pre-registration programme. Findings: Collaboration emerged as a consistent theme – whether between academics and practitioners in the supervision and guidance of nursing students, between faculty members and real patients in facilitating PBL group tutorial sessions, between inter-professional students in PBL learning, or between nurses of different specialties in developing PBL scenarios.

[Rakhudu M A; Amaize A; Useh U; &. M Maselesele. Inter and intra professional collaboration in the implementation of Problem-Based Learning in nursing education: lesson for South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):344-353] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.53

Key concepts: Collaboration, implementation and problem based learning, inter-professional, intra-professional

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The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses

Soghra kazardoost¹, Parichehr pooransari*², Masoome mirzamoradiMD³, Hashemi Mohammad Abad Nazir⁴.

1. Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Imamkhomaini hospital, Tehran University of medical sciences

2- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Imam Sajad hospital, yasuj university of medical sciences

3- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, mahdieh hospital,shahid beheshti university of medical sciences

4- Department of psychiatry, Faculty of medicine, Yasuj University of medical sciences

*Corresponding author: ppooransari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: Evaluating the effect of antenatal betamethasone on the biophysical profile and Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five preterm labor singleton pregnancies (gestational age, 26-34 weeks) were studied prospectively. These patients received two consecutive doses of betamethasone 24 hours apart to accelerate pulmonary maturation. Fetal biophysical profile (BPP) and Doppler assessment were performed twice, on admission and 48 hours after administration of the first dose. The mother recorded fetal movement before, during and after the study periods. Comparison was made between biophysical profile score, fetal movement and Doppler indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral artery before and after betamethasone administration. Continuous data were compared by paired t test and dichotomous data were compared by McNemar test between pre and post treatment evaluations. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 levels. Results: Twenty-five women–median age, 26 (19-42) years; median of gestational age, 32 (26-34) weeks–which were referred to Imam Sajjad hospital, Yasuj from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled into the study. There was significant different in fetal movement before and after betamethasone administration (p=0.004). The frequency of BPP scores ≤8 increased from 13 to 21 subjects (p=0.039) at post treatment evaluation which was significant statistically. There was statistically significant difference in the reduction of umbilical artery PI (0.10) (95%CI: 0.01-0.19) and RI (0.07) (95%CI: 0.08-0.06)), but these changes were not important clinically. The mean changes of MCA PI and RI were 0.01 (95% CI:-0.16-0.19) and -0.01 (95% CI:-O.08-0.06), respectively. Conclusion: After betamethasone administration, fetal movement, BPP scores and umbilical artery indices were decreased, while MCA Doppler indices were not affected.

 [Soghra kazardoost, Parichehr pooransari,Masoome mirzamoradi, Hashemi Mohammad Abad Nazir. The effect of betamethasone on fetal movement, biophysical profile and fetal circulation in preterm fetuses. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):354-356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.54

Keywords: Betamethasone, Biophysical profile, Doppler indices, fetal movement

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A new review on Cooperative diversity in wireless networks

Monire Norouzi ¹, Alireza Souri ¹, Mohammad esmaeel Akbari ²

^1. Department of Computer Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

^1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

m-norouzi@iau-ahar.ac.ir, a-souri@iau-ahar.ac.ir, m-akbari@iau-ahar.ac.ir

Abstract: Today, wireless communication systems will be built for cooperation rather than for more coexistence. Cooperative communication is a hot topic of current research and many researchers believe it to be the next big step after multiple-input multiple output systems. The important idea is that multiple nodes cooperate in order to increase the link quality, reliability and data rate of the system. In the future, the density of active nodes competing for a common wireless channel in cellular as well as access or ad hoc networks will increase significantly. Therefore, node cooperation is an efficient means of achieving these gains.

[Monire Norouzi, Alireza Souri, Mohammad esmaeel Akbari. A new review on Cooperative diversity in wireless networks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):357-361] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.55

Keywords: cooperative diversity techniques, Virtual MIMO, fading channels, Rayleigh fading

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BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE PLAN CONFIGURATION FOR THE CLIMATE OF LAHORE

Sabahat Arif,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir

¹ Department of Architectural Engg. & Design, University of Engg. & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

²National Institute of Vacuum Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

sabahatarif@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residential buildings for its application in retrofitting the developments is proposed for energy conservation by the government and private sectors. This study integrates the experimental findings on test rooms at main orientations as a PhD dissertation for implementation in the residential sector in addition to many other identified features. Different practical environmental data is calculated for climatic consideration in architectural and urban design. The standard house planning and its configuration is presented in relation to orientation for the thermal control. The results of experimental study and simulations showed the SW an optimum orientation for heating and cooling requirements.

[Sabahat Arif,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir. BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE PLAN CONFIGURATION FOR THE CLIMATE OF LAHORE. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):362-368] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.56

Keywords: Orientation, plan configuration, climate, altitude, temperatures.

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A Methodology for Developing C2 Complex Systems Simulator

Kamal Mirzaie¹ and Mehdi N. Fesharaki²

^1,2Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: Kamal Mirzaie; Email: k.mirzaie@srbiau.ac.ir

 Abstract: The design and development of an appropriate simulator for C2 complex systems is field of research. Researchers in this field are trying to create simulation models to describe the behavior of C2 complex systems. Like any other application softwares, the design and development of C2 complex systems simulator needs a methodology to make analysis, design, and development more accurate and produce a high quality software simulation. C2 simulator software usually models and simulates C2 complex systems using multi agent approach. However, the multi agent simulator is basically different from the agent based business applications. Therefore for developing former one we need a special methodology. In this paper, a methodology based on Capra cognitive framework for modeling and simulating C2 complex systems has been proposed. This methodology determines the main steps for the analysis, design, and development of C2 simulator. In addition, since the proposed methodology utilizes the basic concepts of complex systems, it may be used for modeling the main concepts and components of other complex systems such as ant colony and stock market.

[Kamal Mirzaie and Mehdi N. Fesharaki. A Methodology for Developing C2 Complex Systems Simulator. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):377-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.58

Keywords: Bio-cognitive, Capra Framework, Command and control (C2), Complex system, Methodology, Multi Agent Systems (MAS), Living Systems.

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Evaluation and Investigation of Risk Management in Iranian Construction Industry

 ¹Farzad Hatami and ²Hossein Behsan

¹Assistant Professor, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

hatami@aut.ac.ir

 ²M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran hosein_behsan@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper reports - on the basis of a questionnaire survey of the largest Iranian contractors - a perspective of construction risk, and the effective actions taken for the management of such risks, particularly those of time and finances. The study, the first inIran, focuses on the assessment, allocation and management of construction risks. The paper also presents two types of riskmanagement methods: preventive, which are effective at the early stages of the project life, and mitigative, which are remedialactions aimed at risk minimization during construction. The research found that contractors show more willingness to accept risksthat are contractual and legal-related rather than other types of risks. The research results also indicated that the application of theformal risk analysis techniques in the Iranian construction industry is limited.

[Farzad Hatamiand and Hossein Behsan. Evaluation and Investigation of Risk Management in Iranian Construction Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):387-399] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.59

Keywords: Risk allocation; Risk impact; Risk management; Construction; Contractors

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First description of the adult stages of Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda:Homalometridae) infecting the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) in Egypt

Kareem Morsy¹; Nadia Ramadan²; Salam Al Hashimi²; Medhat Ali²; Abdel-Rahman Bashtar¹

¹ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

² Zoology Departments, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Kareemsaid156@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the present study, the morphological and morphometric characterization of two species of digenetic trematodes infecting the large intestines of the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) were described by means of light microscopy as a first description. 30 and 37 out of 115 (26.1 % and 32.1%) of this lizard species were found to be naturally infected with Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda: Homalometridae) respectively. Postorchigenes sp. possesses a body which is oval, spinulate with an oral sucker bigger than acetabulum. The prevalence of Postorchigenes sp. reported from the present study were agreed with the previous studies carried out by Kennedy et al. (1987) who described a three species of digenea from seven species of lizards in Idonesia. Malagashitrema sp. possesses oral sucker larger than acetabulum. The presence of Malagashitrema sp. proved that Malagashitrema is a genus with species linked to Chamaeleo spp. These trematodes adapted to different areas, making their presence are possible in different geographical regions in the world and appears to be a species adapted to Chamaeleo spp.

[Kareem Morsy; Nadia Ramadan; Salam Al Hashimi; Medhat Ali; Abdel-Rahman Bashtar. First description of the adult stages of Postorchigenes sp. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) and Malagashitrema sp. (Trematoda:Homalometridae) infecting the common chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):400-405] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.60

Key words: Digenea - Postorchigenes sp. - Malagashitrema sp. - Chamaeleo chamaeleon - Light microscopy.

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Use of 8-hour and 12-hour Urine Sample for Prediction of Significant Proteinuria

Minoo Rajaei ¹, Parvaneh Pazouky ², Maryam Azizi Kutenaee ³, Laila Haghani ¹, Pouneh Nekouei ⁴, Mitra Ahmad Soltani ⁵, Soghra Fallahi ⁶

^1. OB GYN, Associate Professor, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^2. OB GYN, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^3. OB GYN, Assistant, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^4. MD, Research Fellow, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^5. MD, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^6. MS, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

Fallahi_leila@yahoo.com

Abstract: The combination of hypertension and proteinuria such as preeclampsia during pregnancy markedly increases the risk of prenatal mortality and morbidity. 24hour urine protein estimation is the gold standard for assessment of proteinuria. This study was undertaken to determine whether an 8hour & 12hour protein estimation correlated with that of a formal 24hour collection. The study population included 65 pregnant women over 20 weeks gestation with hypertension admitted for assessment of proteinuria in Bandar Abbas Dr. Ali Shariati hospital. Urine samples were collected over 24hours with the first 8hours, next 4 hours, and remaining 12 hours collected in separate containers. The urine volume, and total protein levels were measured in the 8, 12, and 24 hours samples and compared each other. Of 65 patients 35 had no proteinuria, 27 had mild proteinuria and 2 had severe proteinuria. 8 hour sample predicted significant proteinuria with sensitivity of %63, specificity of %91 positive predictive value of %86 and negative predicative value of %82. Total protein values for 8 and especially 12hour sample correlate positively with values of 24hour sample for patients with proteinuria.

[Minoo Rajaei, Parvaneh Pazouky, Maryam Azizi Kutenaee, Laila Haghani, Pouneh Nekouei, Mitra Ahmad Soltani, Soghra Fallahi. Use of 8-hour and 12-hour Urine Sample for Prediction of Significant Proteinuria. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):406-408] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.61

Keywords: Pregnancy, Proteinuria, Preeclampsia

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Some aspects of chemical procedures & application trends of polyaniline as an intrinsically conductive polymer

Alireza Valipour¹, Peyman Najafi Moghaddam ², Bakhtiyar A. Mammedov ³

1. Technical institute of Urmia Shahid Beheshti faculty, Technical & Vocational University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran

2. Department chemistry, Science faculty, Urmia University, Urmia – Iran

3. Institute of polymer materials of AMEA

Abstract: Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications. Polyaniline, its derivatives and composites has been recognized as ICPs. These polymers are attractive materials owing to good stabilities, easy synthesis, desirable conductivity; exhibits extraordinary electronic properties. Because of this; they finds a wide variety of applications such as electromagnetic, interference shielding, energy storage, catalysis, chemical sensing, biochemistry, smart clothing, corrosion devices and microwave absorption industries. However, it is inherently brittle and poor in processability; To improve these restrictions and extend it functions, the fabrication of it advanced composites has attracted a great deal of attention & various procedures have been adapted. The scaled–up assays in this area, offers a wide scope of scattered literatures frequently utilized for “experts in the field”. Assembling this ill–matched data was the main purpose our ventures in this article. Scince; Assays, gaps, particular themes in other papers overall assessed; aligned in this review article & outlined in sub–topics such as fundamental concepts, engaging procedures, improvement methods and application trends for emerge literature approvable in advanced science & educational journals.

[Alireza Valipour, Peyman Najafi Moghaddam, Bakhtiyar A. Mammedov. Some aspects of chemical procedures & application trends of polyaniline as an intrinsically conductive polymer. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):409-421] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.62

Keywords: polyaniline, inherently conductive polymers, doping, processability, composites

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The Relationship Between A Woman’s Position During Labor And The Level Of Feeling Pain In The Active Phase Of Labor

Dousti Rana

Department of midwifery of Urmia University - Midwifery - Orumieh - Iran-

Abstract: Many pregnant women worry about labor pain and they are mostly willing to perform cesarean delivery. Nowadays many pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to reduce labor pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of changing a woman’s position in the active phase of labor on the level of feeling pain during the delivery. This clinical trial was performed on 400 pregnant women in the active phase of labor who were selected according to the purposive sampling method. Samples were asked to fill out the questionnaire and personal questions, after that they placed in a sitting position and then after 15 minutes they changed their position and placed in a supine position. Changing the position iterated every 15 minutes and the level of pain in lower back and abdomen were determined by a pain ruler and finally the results were recorded. Data were analyzed through independent T-test and Chi-square.The majority of women who were in sitting position had lower abdominal pain rather than who were in supine position and changing the position from sitting to supine intensified the pain more than before. There is a significant relationship between a woman’s position during labor and the level of feeling pain in lower back and abdomen in the active phase of labor (p=0/000). Sitting position can reduce lower back pain and also lower abdominal pain; it can also change the level of severe pain into the moderate one and the level of moderate pain into the mild one in the active phase of labor.

[Dousti Rana. The Relationship Between A Woman’s Position During Labor And The Level Of Feeling Pain In The Active Phase Of Labor. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):422-425] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.63

Keywords: Sitting Position; Supine Position; Labor Pain

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Analyzing the Roots of Mystical Morality and Its Application in the Modern Societies

Hassan Davoodi

PhD Mystical philosophic student of Tajikistan science Academic

Davoodih@ymail.com

Abstract: In analyzing the issue raised, first the mood, morality and mystical morality were defined, and the Islamic and non-Islamic roots of asceticism, and mysticism were studied. Then, the reasons for developing the mystical morality, including anti oppression, introspection, popularity, political power and the equality of the morality with the mysticism, and the asceticism foundation were considered. Then, through comparing the specifications of this morality and the needs of the modern societies, it was found out that the mystical morality (with roots in asceticism and mysticism) is able to solve the spiritual problems and the ethical needs of the societies. Moreover, it was explained that the specification of tolerance and intolerance against the strictness of the religion methods is regarded as the superiority of the mystical morality.

[Hassan Davoodi. Analyzing the Roots of Mystical Morality and Its Application in the Modern Societies. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):426-434] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.64

Keywords: morality, mysticism, asceticism, Islam, religions, jurists

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The Perfecting of Product Distribution Management; Supply Chain Demand Approach

Yadollah Nemati (corresponding author)

Pasargadae Institute, Shiraz, Iran

www.pasargad-ihe.ac.ir

Abstract: The distribution process includes, beside the transport of the products, the operations of purchasing, of consignment, of concession, of depositing and storage and a lot of other commercial operations. The aim of this paper is introduce a model for supply chain demand. Also, this paper investigated the role and the status of the transport system in the distribution management.

[Yadollah Nemati. The Perfecting of Product Distribution Management; Supply Chain Demand Approach. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):435-441] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.65

Keywords: Product Distribution Management, Supply Chain Demand

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A case study on grade 8 municipals of Fars Province¹

Masoud shahsavani, Hassan Soltani, Narges Samadpoor

Department of Management, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran

shahsavan_2@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study aims to review the impact of internal marketing on customer orientation in the grade 8 municipalities in Fars. Within the proposed research model, the effect of customer orientation as an exogenous variable on three variables of internal marketing, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment was studied and then Indirect effect of internal marketing on customer orientation and organizational commitment was surveyed. This study was a descriptive-survey research. Statistic population included employees of grade 8 municipalities in Fars Province forming a sample of 153. As the simultaneous effect of multiple independent and dependent variables was supposed to be measured, structural equations method (Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations) using the Lisrel software was applied to analyze the data and test the hypotheses in the present study. The results of this study indicated that internal marketing affects customer orientation. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between internal marketing with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and hypotheses about the impact of job satisfaction on customer orientation and organizational commitment were confirmed. But the impact of organizational commitment on customer orientation was not confirmed. Finally, indirect impact of internal marketing on customer orientation and organizational commitment through job satisfaction was confirmed, but indirect impact of internal marketing on customer orientation through organizational commitment was not confirmed. In addition to direct effects of these variables, their indirect impact on each other was also measured.

[Masoud shahsavani, Hassan Soltani, Narges Samadpoor. A case study on grade 8 municipals of Fars Province. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):442-446] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.66

Keywords: Internal marketing; Job satisfaction; Organizational commitment; Customer orientation

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Investors Behaviour and Information Asymmetry: an Experimental Research in Iran

Ghodratollah Talebnia; Zahra Poorzamani; Ahmad Yaghoobnezhad; Ali Bayat

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989123360370 E- mails: GH_Talebnia@yahoo.com

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989123502196 E- mails: zpoorzamani@yahoo.com

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989121138500 E- mails: yaghoob_acc@yahoo.com

 (Corresponding author)

Department of Accounting, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +989127413313 E- mails: Ali.Bayat22@yahoo.com

Abstract: Voluntary disclosure reduces information asymmetry between investors and stakeholders. In this study, to evaluate different decision-making styles, a cognitive and behavioural model is used. The field of this research are in the Processing "Brunswick Leans Model" is placed in behavioural accounting. This research uses a quasi-experimental method. The research is conducted in 2012 in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE.). For purposes of this study, an Experimental group (176 respondents) and a control group (158 respondents) in is divided into four new ones, which represent the four dominant styles of decision-making, namely directive, analytical, conceptual, and behavioural. As an addition, investors are divided according to their brains’ dominant style of decision-making and cognitive complexity so that uncertainties about the tolerance level are classified. Evidence shows that those who have their left brain as more dominant are likely to use more items, on average, to process information. As an addition, Behavioural decision-making style uses lowest items to process information than other styles. Indeed, the results show that all styles in the Experimental group have less information asymmetry than the control group. These findings support the voluntary disclosure of information by companies to reduce the level of information asymmetry that the market offers.

[Ghodratollah Talebnia; Zahra Poorzamani; Ahmad Yaghoobnezhad; Ali Bayat. Investors Behaviour and Information Asymmetry: an Experimental Research in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):447-457] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.67

Keywords: Voluntary disclosure, decision styles, lens processing model, information Asymmetry

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Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sciatic Nerve in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats: Effect of Corn Oil and Omega 3 Fatty Acids Supplement

Laila Ahmed El sayed, Samah Elattar, and Nashwa Eltablawy

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

omarattar1993@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a major susceptibility factor leading to the development of various conditions of the metabolic syndrome. In obese rats, slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity was observed. Fatty acids metabolism disturbance is very important in the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this work is to consider the role that balanced diets high in omega 6&9 PUFA (corn oil) or supplying rats with omega 3, play in modulating the impaired nerve function in obese rats. Methods: Thirty two adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to receive normal chow (NC) (n=8) or high fat diet HFD (n=24), for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, body weight and body mass index(BMI) were measured and the NC group(n=8) continue their normal chow diet, Group 1 (NC) and served as a control group and the obese rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 8 rats each: Group 2: Ob + HFD group, they continue their high animal fat diet, Group 3: Ob+HFD + corn oil group, they are obese rats received high fat diet containing corn oil and Group 4: Ob + HFD + Omega 3 group, they are obese rats, fed high animal fat diet supplemented with omega 3 (0.4 g/kg) daily. After five weeks, the final body weight was measured and BMI was calculated and blood samples were collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose level, insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) test were evaluated. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured. The rats were then killed and sciatic nerves were carefully dissected for measuring the nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were estimated in the nerve tissue of the 4 groups. Results: The results of this study showed a significant increase of body weight (gm) and BMI (kg/m²) in high fat diet group (p< 0.05) after 12weeks of the start of the diet when compared to the control group (NC). There were significant elevations in the final weight (gm) and BMI (kg/m²), a significant elevation in insulin level (µIU/l) and HOMA-IR test, a significant increase in nerve malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (m/s) after 5weeks of high fat diet in (Ob+HFD) group, when compared to NC group. Changing diet composition for 5weeks in Ob+ HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega 3 groups, did not induce any significant variation in body weight, BMI, or fasting blood glucose level as compared to Ob+HFD group. Insulin level (µIU/l) and HOMA-IR test were significantly decreased in Ob+ HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega 3 groups compared to Ob+HFD group. Plasma cholesterol levels (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), and free fatty acids (FFA) (mmol/l) were significantly decreased after 5weeks diet in Ob+ HFD+corn oil or Ob+HFD+ Omega 3 groups when compared to mean values of Ob+HFD group. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were significantly decreased but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in Ob+HFD+corn oil and Ob+HFD+omega3 groups compared to Ob+HFD. NCV(m/s) in Ob+HFD+ corn oil group was significantly increased compared to Ob+ HFD and their values in Ob+HFD+ corn oil group showed no significant variation as compared to NC group. While there was a significant increase in NCV in Ob+ HFD+Omega 3 group as compared to Ob+ HFD group, there was still a significant decrease compared to NC group. Conclusion: The results of this study may have important clinical and speculative implications. Corn oil or omega 3 supplementation may be effective in obesity induced neuropathy. The mechanism of their effects is multifactorial including improving insulin sensitivity, correction of dyslipdemia, reducing oxidative stress and an anti-inflammatory effect. This possibility should be carefully considered and examined in future trials of essential fatty acid supplementation.

[Laila Ahmed El sayed, Samah Elattar, and Nashwa Eltablawy. Nerve Conduction Velocity of Sciatic Nerve in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats: Effect of Corn Oil and Omega 3 Fatty Acids Supplement. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):458-471] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.68

Key words: nerve conduction velocity, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, corn oil, omega3, insulin resistance.

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Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 1: Gas Reservoirs

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor^1,*, Azam Khan¹

¹Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

^*Corresponding author: mkzahoor@yahoo.com

Abstract: Well testing is of great importance in petroleum engineering, to have a kind of firsthand knowledge and estimating formation permeability, wellbore damage/ skin, etc. These parameters are further required to estimate production rate from a well and at the same time gives an idea of its productivity. These reservoir related parameters calculation is strongly dependent on formation thickness. Any uncertainty in formation thickness leads to ambiguous results, which in turn influences further reservoir development studies. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of such uncertainties and highlighting their effect on the resulting estimations, while considering cases of gas, oil and multiphase flow reservoirs one by one. The obtained results in case of gas reservoir shows that uncertainty in formation thickness has strong influence on well test estimated data.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 1: Gas Reservoirs. Life Sci J 2012:9(4):472-474] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.69

Keywords: Gas reservoir testing; thickness uncertainty; payzone uncertainty

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Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 2: Oil Reservoirs

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor^1,*, Azam Khan¹

¹Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

^*Corresponding author: mkzahoor@yahoo.com

Abstract: Formation thickness is of vital significance in estimating different reservoir parameters in oil reservoirs. Any error or uncertainty in formation thickness can contribute as tremendous source of error while estimating different parameters based on well testing, like, permeability, radius of investigation, etc. In this second part of the study, a pressure-buildup test has been analyzed, while incorporating the uncertainties in formation thickness. The effect of these uncertainties has been included in different calculations like, permeability, skin-factor, radius of investigation, wellbore storage, etc. The results show that the uncertainty in formation thickness affects all the aforementioned parameters, though the degree of influence can be different.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Impact of Uncertainties in Formation Thickness on Parameters Estimated from Well Testing Part 2: Oil Reservoirs. Life Sci J 2012:9(4):475-477] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.70

Keywords: Oil reservoir; interpretation uncertainty; uncertainty impact

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Error Generated due to Inaccuracy in Payzone Thickness While Interpreting Multiphase Flow Buildup

Well Test Data

Muhammad Khurram Zahoor^1,*, Azam Khan¹

¹Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

^1,*mkzahoor@yahoo.com, ¹engr_azam@hotmail.com

Abstract: While performing reservoir related studies either conducted by an engineer or a production geologist, one have to deal with number of uncertainties arising from different sources based on the manner by which different properties required to be used as an input while evaluating buildup well test data. Out of the required input parameters, payzone thickness have a kind of key significance, as most of the well test estimated data is directly or either indirectly depend on it. Most of the petroleum reservoirs have multiphase flow, so in this study buildup test data for multiphase flow have been analyzed while incorporating the payzone thickness uncertainty.

[Zahoor M. K., Khan A. Error Generated due to Inaccuracy in Payzone Thickness While Interpreting Multiphase Flow Buildup Well Test Data. Life Sci. J 2012:9(4):478-479] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.71

 Keywords: multiphase fluid reservoir; multiphase well test data; payzone uncertainty

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Water Quality Assessment of Taleghan River

Hamid Reza Sharif Vaghefi¹, Amir Hajiali², Farzam Shaybani³

^1. Department of Environmental Yerevan State University, Armenia

^2. Department of chemistry Yerevan State University, Armenia

^3.Department of Environmental management,Tehran university, Iran

sharifvaghefi@gmail.com

Abstract: There are several factors influencing the water quality based on its usage. The quality of drinking water is of the vital concern for human health and life. An essential attempt has to be done to develop a water quality index (WQI) corresponding with different conditions and characteristics of the relevant river or water body such as geographical, hydrological, discharge rate and pollution sources. The index is not specifically focused on human health or aquatic life regulations. However, a water index based on some very important parameters can determine a simple indicator of water quality. In the present study, the Taleghan water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently, the nine present NSF parameters’ weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method as well as experts’ opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI, more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen (Do), fecal coliform (F.c) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) when compared with NSF-WQI.

 [Hamid Reza Sharif Vaghefi, Amir Hajiali, Farzam Shaybani. Water Quality Assessment of Taleghan River.Life Sci J 2012;9(4):480-484] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.72

Keywords: Water Quality; NSF Index; Talegan River; Iran

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Comparison of serum calcium, total protein and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in an Iranian population

Azin Alavi ¹, Keramat allah Jahanshahi ¹, Samie Karimia ¹, Nasim Arabzadea ¹, Soghra Fallahi ²

^1. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shariati hospital, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

^2. MS, Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran

Fallahi_leila@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare serum calcium, total protein, and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 100 healthy and 48 hypertensive pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who were at ≥ 28 weeks of gestation were included and serum calcium, total protein, and uric acid levels were compared between these two groups. Hypertensive group consisted of 28 subjects with mild preeclampsia, 17 with severe preeclampsia. Mean (±SD) serum calcium level was 7.88 (±0.94) mg/dl (range, 6.94-8.82) in hypertensive and 8.28 (±0.77) mg/dl (range, 7.51-9.05) in control group (P = 0.01). Mean (±SD) serum total protein level was 6.023 (±0.91) gr (range, 5.32-7.14) in hypertensive and 6.13±0.77 (5.36-6.9) in control group (P > 0.05). Mean (±SD) level of serum uric acid was 5.32 (±1.41) mg/dl (range, 3.91-6.73) in hypertensive and 4.55 (±1.14) mg/dl (range, 3.41-5.09) in control group (P = 0.001). Mean serum Ca level was significantly lower in hypertensive pregnant women in comparison with healthy ones. Considering this factor in prenatal care is important.

[Azin Alavi, Keramat allah Jahanshahi, Samie Karimia, Nasim Arabzadea, Soghra Fallahi. Comparison of serum calcium, total protein and uric acid levels between hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in an Iranian population. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):485-488] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.73

Keywords: Calcium; Uric acid; Pregnancy; Hypertensive disorder

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FACTS devices stabilizer design by using Genetic Algorithms

Ali Zarei¹, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani², Negin Zarei³, Yousef Katal⁴

^{1, 2, 3, 4.} Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Ali_Zarei @yahoo.com

Abstract: Stability of power system is an important issue and should be considered and improved. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) can be used to improve power system stability. Stability enhancement can be improved via damping of low frequency oscillations (LFO). Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) can be used for LFO damping. In this paper SSSC is used to damp out LFO and a supplementary stabilizer based on SSSC is designed. Genetic Algorithms (GA) is used to adjust the parameters of the proposed stabilizer.

[Ali Zarei, Kayvan Karimi Tarazani, Negin Zarei, Yousef Katal. FACTS devices stabilizer design by using Genetic Algorithms. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):489-492] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.74

Keywords: Low Frequency Oscillations, Static Synchronous Series Compensator, Supplementary Stabilizer, Genetic Algorithms

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Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and sedimentary environment of of the Oligo-Miocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Chidan area, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran

Narges Monjezi¹٭, Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi², Mohsen Davoudi Nezhad³

¹Empirical sciences Department,Islamic Azad University Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran.

 ²Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran.

 ³National Iranian drilling Company, Ahwaz, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Narges Monjezi

Abstract: The foraminifers biostratigraphic study in Chidan area led to recognition of 2 biozones, In this study, eight different microfacies types have been recognized. These carbonate microfacies belonging to: open marine (A), bar/shoal (B), lagoon (C) and tidal flat (D). The depositional environment of the Asmari Formation is interpreted as a shallow carbonate ramp.

[Narges Monjezi, Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, Mohsen Davoudi Nezhad. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and sedimentary environment of of the Oligo-Miocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Chidan area, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):493-503] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.75

Key words: Asmari Formation; Zagros; Chidan; Gachsaran; Pabdeh; Zagros; Iran

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Investigation of the Parameters of EDM Process Performed on Smart NiTi Alloy Using Graphite Tools

Hamid Reza Sabouni¹, Saeed Daneshmand²

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

^2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

sabouni@iaukhsh.ac.ir and s.daneshmand@iaumajlesi.ac.ir

Abstract: Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are types of Smart Materials (SMs) which are used in many industries nowadays. The high hardness value and the intelligence of these alloys have made the traditional machining processes not cost effective or incapable of machining ability these metals. The NiTi alloy is one of the SMAs, which are used in aerospace and medical industries. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a known method for the machining of shape memory alloys. In this research, the effect of input parameters of electrical discharge machining including the voltage (V), discharge current (A), pulse-ON-duration (μs), pulse-OFF-duration (μs), tool material and the dielectric on the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate and surface roughness has been investigated for NiTi alloy. Graphite tools and de-ionized water have been used for the machining operation, and the Taguchi’s method, LI8 orthogonal array and the ‘Minitab R.16.1.1’ software have been employed for the design of experiment. The results indicate that with the increase of discharge current, the tool wear, material removal rate and surface roughness increase. The increase of voltage causes the reduction of tool wear and material removal rate, but it has little effect on surface roughness. With the increase of pulse-ON-duration, the surface roughness increases and the material removal rate diminishes. Also the increase of pulse-OFF-duration, up to a certain time, leads to the increase of material removal rate and tool wear rate (TWR) and the reduction of surface roughness.

 [Sabouni H.R, Daneshmand S. Investigation of the parameters of EDM process performed on smart NiTi alloy using graphite tools. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):504-510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.76

Keywords: Electrical discharge machining; Shape memory alloys; Smart material; Graphite tool; Material removal rate; Tool wear rate

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Environmental management accounting with an emphasis on it cost

Issa Heidari

Department of Accounting, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Heidariisa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Although environmental costs are only one of the many costs incurred by businesses, they deserve management’s attention. For companies in the service sector with office environments, better insight into environmental costs can lead to them being reduced while environmental performance is improved with costs being offset through the recycling or sale of waste and improved costing of services It will also help with the justification of environmental improvement initiatives, and support of a company’s environmental policy, management system or data collection for public reporting. Environmental management accounting can be used as a tool to reap these benefits, and refers to “the process of identifying, collecting and analyzing information about the environmental costs and performance to help an organization’s decision making.”

[Issa Heidari. Environmental management accounting with an emphasis on it cost. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):511-517] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.77

KEY WORLDS: environmental management, accounting management, cost management

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Detection of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Bacilli and Characterization of phaC Synthase of Bacillus sp. SW1-2

Mahmoud M. Berekaa^1,2*

¹Environmental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dammam University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

²Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Maharam Bek, Alexandria, Egypt

Email: Berekaa2005@yahoo.com; Tel: 002-03 3922316; Fax: 002-03 3911794

Abstract: AAbstract: Group of bacilli phenotypically screened for synthesis and intracellular accumulation of PHAs granules by the use of Sudan black B stain, eight strains were detected. Pair of specific PCR primer was designed and applied for genotypic detection of phaC synthase gene. Approximately, 760 bp DNA fragment was successfully amplified in the eight strains. Among the positive strains, Bacillus sp SW1-2, produced 40 g/L of the biopolymer during growth on modified E2 medium supplemented with glucose after 36 h. Spectroscopic analysis by C¹³ NMR and H¹ NMR revealed four narrow peaks (lines) (CH3; 21.2 ppm, CH2; 42.7, CH; 68.5 and C=O; 169.7 ppm) and 3 groups of signals (2.45, 2.58 and 5.2 ppm) were identical and characteristic to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB); respectively. Furthermore, the amplied PCR fragment, from genomic DNA of Bacillus sp SW1-2, was cloned in pGEM-T-Easy vector and sequenced with the universal T7 and SP6 primers. It showed 99% identity to phaC gene for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase of many B. megaterium strains deposited in Genbank. While showed 73% and 72% identity to synthases of Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus sp. INT005, respectively.

[Mahmoud M. Berekaa. Detection of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Bacilli and Characterization of phaC Synthase of Bacillus sp. SW1-2. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):518-529] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.78

Keywords: Polyhydroxybutyrate, genotypic, Bacillus megaterium, phaC synthase, NMR

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Evaluation of the efficiency of Restaurants using DEA Method (the case of Iran)

^1*Davood Gharakhani, ²Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, ³ Sajjad Jalalifar

^1*Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

²Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran Email:a_pourghafar@yahoo.com

³Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin, Iran

Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and ranking of 15 Restaurants in Iran, paying attention to efficiency improvement using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The model considers three inputs (monthly working hours, branch area (square meters), and years of experience as manager) and two outputs (monthly number of customers who bought something from the branch, and monthly sales in USD). The results indicate that data envelopment analysis is a Useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of Restaurants. Moreover, the results show that Noor restaurant and Nemoone restaurant is the most efficient restaurants Compared to other restaurants. Restaurants or other service providers should find this alternative DEA model helpful and more flexible in re-examining their resource utilization and possibly reshuffling their resource pool.

[Davood Gharakhani, Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, Sajjad Jalalifar. Evaluation of the efficiency of Restaurants using DEA Method (the case of Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):530-534] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.79

Keywords: Efficiency, Evaluation‚ Restaurant, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

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Phenomenology of Scientific Board’s Views about Electronic Learning

Ghassem Abedi1, Farideh Rostami2, Rezaali Mohammadpor¹, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh³, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari⁴, Hamid Reza Miri⁴, Nasrin Tayyari⁵, Ali Alizadeh^5*

1Health sciences research center, Faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

2Health sciences research center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

3Research &Technology Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

4Trauma &Emergency Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

5 Educaion Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

*Corresponding author: Ali Alizadeh, PhD

Depasrtment of Education, Hormozgan Unievrsity of Medical Sciences; Tel: 3335013

Email: alizadeh266@gmail.com

Abstract: Increased availability of appropriate software and hardware has built a new horizon in educational institutions in order to facilitate electronic learning, especially the development of global web net. Importance of this problem in medical sciences which is associated with human life is twice. Hence the aim of this study was phenomenology of scientific board’s views about electronic learning in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.In this descriptive study 40 scientific board members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. The method was based on goal and information was collected on basis of deep and semi-structured personal interview, and encoded and analyzed with Smith method. The results were grouped in 5 clusters and 15 groups. The main extracted cluster included: information, public facilities, availability, organization, language and comment evaluation. According to some advantages of electronic learning, there is no doubt about necessity of electronic learning. But the most concern in using electronic learning is expressed in aspect of information and public facilities, availability and comment evaluation that prompt lack of tendency and affinity of scientific boards in using this method, mentioning that adaption of some existing processes in world and using other countries experiences in achieving the most comprehensive model in university from Educational Development Center is unavailable. (Abstract truncated at 212 words).

[Ghassem Abedi, Farideh Rostami, RezaaliMohammadpor, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari, Hamid Reza Miri, Nasrin Tayyari, Ali Alizadeh. Phenomenology of Scientific Board’s Views about Electronic Learning. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):535-539] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.80

Keywords: phenomenology, view, scientific boards, electronic learning

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Ratings of Iranian Cement Companies Based on Financial Ratio Analysis

Issa Heidari

Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Heidarissa@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research discusses Ratings of Iranian cement companies according to the analysis of their financial information. In this grading, it was determined how successful is the management of companies. In fact, Ratings companies is classifying them based on the ability of managers to maintain profitability of companies. In today’s competitive world in which the most important issue is survival of organizations, managers are required to adopt appropriate strategies through studying market and competitors accurately. This way, they would be helpful for the organization like an accurate and planned program. The grade, which is allocated to a company, may be related to different factors; however, In this research, we have analyzed financial ratios and determined the grade and position of every 23 cement companies of Islamic Republic of Iran on profitability and determined their management level.

[Issa Heidari. Ratings of Iranian Cement Companies Based on Financial Ratio Analysis. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):540-544] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.81

Keywords: Ratings, profitability, competitive, management level, financial ratios

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Management Accounting and its Role in Organizations

Issa Heidari

Shushter Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran

Heidariisa@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, the role and importance of management accounting in organizations in achieving the organizational goals has been discussed. Management accounting in the world has enjoyed a rapid growth and dynamics and has regularly presented new intellectual products to the managers and leaders of the organizations. In addition, management accounting, as new business knowledge, can help the managers in successful interactions with one another with a variable environment through providing information. Managers in both profit and nonprofit organizations have an interaction with their own management accounting system. Sometimes, a manager uses the management accounting system for planning and decision making and in some other times, this system measures the performance and affects the managers’ behavior. Management accounting system is considered as a source of information for making planning decisions and at the same time it is considered as a part of control system of an organization. Management accounting helps to create value in an organization through improving decision making process and control of organizational members.

[Issa Heidari. Management Accounting and its Role in Organizations Life Sci J 2012;9(4):545-550] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.82

Key words: management accounting, cost management, Development, Organization

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Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) to Measure Inefficiency in Food Industries of Iran

Ahmad Afrooz

 Economics Department of Payam-e Noor University, Iran, & Payam-E Noor University Sirjan.

aaffzz88@yahoo.com,

Abstract: The food industries in Iran is widely recognized as a 'sunrise industry', with a huge potential for uplifting the agricultural economy, creating large scale processed food manufacturing and food chain facilities and resulting in the generation of employment and export earnings. Due to the importance of Food Industries in Iran this paper estimated and investigated the efficiency in this industry. The stochastic frontier approach is applied. The result showed that the measure of the average technical inefficiency of the Iranian food industries was 26%. In other words, the food industries of Iran are only 74% technically efficient. The important factors that affect on efficiency in food industries of Iran are Education (ED), skilled (SK), specialization (SP) and workers insurance (IN). All the factors have the expected significance values and are consistent with theory.

[Ahmad Afrooz. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) to Measure Inefficiency in Food Industries of Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):551-555] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.83

Keywords: Technical Efficiency (TEF); Technical Inefficiency (TINEF); Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA); Food Industries (FI).

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Approach Based on Motivation Theories

Hamid Taboli

Department of Management studies, Payam-E Noor University, I.R.Iran.

& Payam-E Noor University Kerman. htaboli@yahoo.com

Abstract: Motivation theories and their application constitute one of the broadest issues among researchers of organizational behaviour of which motivation is the most fundamental issue.Therefore, in this paper, four new theories of motivation are studied to explain the effects of these theories in organizations. The results show that applying these theories in the organization improves employee performance and job satisfaction, and that using these theories, can be justified, the rate of productivity, absenteeism and staff mobility, in the use and application of these theories needs to be carefully because the only motivating factor in the break back, will not be enough to boost performance. These theories are three needs theory, equity theory, expectancy theory and attribution theory.

[Hamid Taboli. Approach Based on Motivation Theories. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):556-560] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.84

Keywords: Three needs theory, equity theory, expectancy theory, attribution theory, productivity, satisfaction

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The Survey Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions from Viewpoint of Customers in Arak Private Bank Branches

Yones Rasoul Dasht, Alireza Fazli

[1]^,2 Department of Management and Accounting, Boukan Branch, Islamic Azad University,Boukan, Iran

yonesrasoldasht_1980@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the biggest contemporary challenges of management in service industries is providing and maintaining customer satisfaction. Service quality and customer satisfaction have increasingly been identified as key factors in the battle for competitive differentiation and customer retention. Service quality brings many advantages to the company. It allows the company to differentiate itself from its competitors by increasing sales and market shares, providing opportunities for cross-selling, improving customer relations and thus, enhancing the corporate image. It results in the satisfaction and retention of customers and employees, thus reducing turnover rates. The purpose of this research is to survey relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intention in the private banks, to measure service quality we used an adaptation of the SERVQUAL scale. To test hypothesis used structural equation models and LISREL Software. Finally second and third hypothesis are accepted also research results suggest that dominant dimensions of Service Quality in the Private Bank Are: 1) Responsiveness., 2) Knowledge., 3) Tangibles and 4) Recovery.

[Yones Rasoul Dasht, Alireza Fazli. The Survey Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions from Viewpoint of Customers in Arak Private Bank Branches. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):561-566] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.85

Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Behavioral Intentions

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Synthesis of some medicinal and biological active (E)-2-arylidine-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids and (E)-4-(3-arylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides

Boshra M. Awad,* Shadia M. Abdallah, Halima A. Hefny, Mervat H. Abdou, Fatehia I. Abd-Elmonem and Noura A. Abd-Elmonem

Chemistry Department, University College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt

boshra_awad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Microwave irradiation of anhydride (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione 1 gives with N-aryl-4-aminobenzenesulfonamides (a and d) separable mixtures of (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids 3 and 6, and (E)-4-(3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides 10 and 13, respectively. Also anhydride (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione 2 gives with amines (a, b, d, and g), separable mixtures of (E)-2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)- 4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl) phenylamino) butanoic acids 16, 17, 19 and 22, and (E)-4-(3- (benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-aryl-benzenesulfonamides 23, 24, 26, and 28, respectively. On the other hand, reaction of 1 with amines (b, c, e, and g) gives benzenesulfonamides 11, 12, 14, and 15, whereas compound 2 gives with amines (c and e) the corresponding benzenesulfonamides 25 and 27, as only products. Compounds 1 and 2 give, either in presence or absence of solvent DMF, with amine (f) the corresponding butanoic acids 8 and 21, respectively. Microwave irradiation of (g) with 1 gives benzenesulfonamide 15 as an only product, whereas with 2, it gives a separable mixture of 22 and 28, whereas in DMF, it gives compound 28 as an only product. Reaction of 1 and 2 with (a-g) using the conventional thermal heating technique, gives the corresponding butanoic acid derivatives 3-7, 9 and 16-20, 22, respectively.

Trials to react 1 and 2 with (f) were unsuccessful. The structural formulas of the products obtained 3-28 were assigned by their spectral analysis. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of some prepared compounds have been studied and reported.

[Boshra M. Awad, Shadia M. Abdallah, Halima A. Hefny, Mervat H. Abdou, Fatehia I. Abd-Elmonem and Noura A. Abd-Elmomem. Synthesis of some medicinal and biological active (E)-2-arylidine-4-oxo-4-(4-(N-arylsulfamoyl)phenylamino)butanoic acids and (E)-4-(3-arylidene)-2,5-dioxopyrroliden-1-yl)-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):567-577] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.86

Keywords: Microwave irradiation, butanoic acids, arylbenzenesulfonamides, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities

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Length of trauma patients’ stay in imam Reza hospital as a tertiary center of Trauma and effective factor such as Routine Trauma X-rays

Alireza Aala¹, Sajjad Ahmadi¹, Samad Shams Vahdati¹, Ali Jannati², Hesam Rahmani¹, Ali Taghizadie¹, Payman Mohramzadeh¹, Mahbob Poraghayi¹, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi¹, Vahid Dehghan Manshadi ³ 

^1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^2. School of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^3. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

dr-dehqan@yahoo.com 

Abstract: Emergency department is the first place that medical team gets contact with the patient. In order to have higher standards in traumatic patient care, continuous quality control is an essence and time is an important factor for this perspective in emergency department. Current study evaluates management of traumatic patients visiting emergency department (ED) in Imam Reza hospital by assessing length of stay and its effective factors such as Routine Trauma X-rays. Between April and December 2011, 300 traumatic patients visiting emergency department, Imam Reza hospital were randomly studied. Time needed to perform the routine trauma x-rays (lateral cervical vertebra, AP chest and AP pelvis radiographies), and the length of stay (LOS) in the ED were recorded. Mean physician and nurse first visit was 7.93±0.47 and 11.91±9.38 minutes, respectively. X-rays in was performed within 70.30±53.08 minutes. Mean surgery and neurosurgery visits were obtained within 37.40±3.16 minutes and 33.48±2.10minutes, respectively. The average LOS in the ED was 404±238.51 minutes. There was no significant difference in LOS in the ED according to age, gender and trauma severity. Total ED stay of trauma patients in our ED was found to be significantly longer than other advanced centers. Structural improvement of emergency department and diagnostic modalities availability could reduce LOS in ED.

[Alireza Ala, Sajjad Ahmadi, Samad Shams Vahdati, Ali Jannati, Hesam Rahmani, Ali Taghizadie, Payman Mohramzadeh, Mahbob Poraghayi, Hamidreza Morteza Beigi, Vahid Dehghan Manshadi. Length of trauma patients’ stay in imam Reza hospital as a tertiary center of Trauma and effective factor such as Routine Trauma X-rays. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):578-582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.87

Keywords: Emergency department; Trauma; Trauma management

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Study on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterus

Fatemeh Ghaterh Samani¹, Roghaieh Jabbary², Sepehr Taghizadeh ³

^1. Assistant professor of Radiology, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^2. Rdiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^3. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

s_taghizadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Leiomyomas constitute the most common female pelvic tumor, becoming increasingly prevalent with age. Although transabdominal ultrasound is usually used for observation of the large uterine tumors outside the focal zone of the transvaginal transducer, but transvaginal ultrasound is the standard imaging modality for this purpose. Recently with introduction of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography some studies have been performed on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterins, however these studies are scanty. Our object in this study is the determination of probable particular effects of leiomyoma on blood flow in uterine arteries. In this cross sectional study 50 women with myomatous uterine and 50 healthy volunteer woman were enrolled in the study. Transvaginal color Doppler was used for observation of uterine arteries and vascularity of myomas. The mean uterine volume was significantly lower in control group (97.00 ± 37.71 cm3) than in cases (3S1.16 ± 222.94 cm3). The mean peak systolic velocity (PSV) was significantly lower in control group (36.42 ± 9.28 cm/s) than in case group (49.34 ± 16.37cm/s). Significant correlation between uterus volume and PSV was not seen in control group but medium positive correlation between mean uterus and mean PSV was seen in case group. Mean pulsatility index (P1) was 1.59 ± 0.36 in case group and 2.40 ± 0.46 in control group. Significant correlation between mean uterus volume and mean pulsatility index (PI) in study group was seen. Mean resistance index (RI) was 0.74 ± 0.19 in case group and 0.85 ± 0.23 in control group. No correlation was found between uterine volume and number of myomas. Only in %34 cases myomas artery was detectable and mean myomas artery RI was 0.57 ± 0.18. We observed significant differences between uterine arterial Doppler indices in patients with myomatous uterins and control group. The presence of myomas result in uterine volume increasing and uterus Volume has significant correlation with PI decreasing. Also PSV has significant correlation with uterine Volume. This significant difference suggests that, we can use serial measurements in duration of treatment in monitoring response to medical treatment.

[Fatemeh Ghaterh Samani, Roghaieh Jabbary, Sepehr Taghizadeh. Study on uterine artery blood flow in myomatous uterus. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):583-586] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.88

Keywords: Myomas; Peak Systolic Velocity; Vascular Impedance; Transvaginal Color Doppler Sonography

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InvestigatingThe Effect of Number of Steps on Energy Dissipation of Stepped Spillways Based on the New Design Approach

Mohammad Karami

Department of Civil Engineering, Dehloran branch, Islamic azad university, Dehaloran, Iran

karami_m1358@yahoo.com

Abstract: Stepped spillways are hydraulic structures that, because of their significant capacity in energy dissipation, have been widely used by designers. Flow mechanism over them is complex and many investigations have been performed to study that mechanism. The effect of some parameters such as the number of steps in energy dissipation has not been fully investigated. In this study the latest design criteria have been reviewed and then an algorithm has been developed to design the stepped spillways which are based on the effect of number of steps. Results show that the number of steps affects the energy dissipation. With increasing the number of steps energy dissipation increases and then decreases. Thus for specific discharge and spillway slope, the number of steps can be optimized for maximum energy dissipation. By reducing design discharge the optimum number of steps increases. Research work on this subject can be continued in the future and various aspects of the design parameters may be investigated

[Mohammad Karami. InvestigatingThe Effect of Number of Steps on Energy Dissipation of Stepped Spillways Based on the New Design Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):587-592] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.89

Keywords: Design discharge, Energy dissipation, Number of steps, Spillway slope.

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The Role of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Antibodies in Head and Neck Intermediate Grade Soft Tissue Tumors

Amani N. Abd El-Latif¹ and Ibrahim M. Zeitoun²

 ¹Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt

²Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt

Amany.noureldin@pua.edu.eg; We­­_as@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Intermediate soft tissue tumors were included in the new WHO classification of soft tissue tumors. They were addressed as locally aggressive tumors with reports of their recurrence or even malignant transformation. This study was conducted to detect the immunoepxression of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor in order to predict their potential for malignant transformation. Methods: Twenty three different intermediate soft tissue tumors were included as well as three recurrent cases diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. All lesions were prepared and were subjected to Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor antibodies. Results: From the 26 selected cases, 9 were Juvenile fibromatosis, 5 were haemangiopericytoma. 9 were desmoplastic fibroma 3 of which showed recurrence and were diagnosed as Fibrosarcoma. All cases of jeuvenile fibromatosis, desmoplastic fibroma and fibrosarcoma, showed positive nuclear reaction to Beta Catenin antibody. Cytoplasmic reaction of Platelet Derived Growth Factor antibody were observed in 6 cases of juvenile fibromatosis and 5 cases of desmoplastic fibroma as well as the 3 cases that showed recurrence in the form of fibrosarcoma. Conclusion: Intermediate tumors have a benign clinical course, but their clinical behavior is unpredictable.

[Amani N. Abd El-Latif and Ibrahim M. Zeitoun. The Role of Beta Catenin and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Antibodies in Head and Neck Intermediate Grade Soft Tissue Tumors. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):593-596] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.90

Keyword: Intermediate soft tissue tumors, Beta Catenin, Platelet Derived Growth Factor

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Review Article

Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC)

Ali M. Al-Amri, MD.

Department of Internal Medicine/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Address of Correspondence: Dr. Ali M. Al-Amri, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31952, PO Box 40182, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Telephone 9663896741, E-mail aliamri49@hotmail.com.

Abstract: Chemotherapy, so far, of metastatic breast carcinoma is not curative using the currently available chemotherapeutic, hormonal or biologic agents. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is aimed mainly at alleviation of symptoms rather than cure. The first choice of therapy is dependent on patient age, performance status, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), involvement of the viscera, or enrollment of patients in investigational trials. Combination of chemotherapeutic drugs showed an advantage for survival, tumor response and time to progression, with adverse effects of these agents. It is very important, therefore, to balance between the benefits of treatment and the adverse effects and complication of therapy.

[Ali M. Al-Amri. Management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):597-601] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.91

Keywords: chemotherapy, metastatic, HER-2, breast, combination

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Study on infectious causes of hospitalization in intravenous drug users

Zhinous Bayatmakoo¹, Roshanak Bayatmakoo², Parviz Saleh³, Sepehr Taghizadeh⁴

^1. Research center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^2. Department Of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^3. Research center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^4. Infectious and Tropical disease research center, Infectious diseases department, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

s_taghizadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: To evaluation of common infections in Intravenous drug users (IVDU). In a descriptive-analytical study that performed in Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center of Tabriz form 2001-2011, 64 patients (63 male & one female) with IVDUs and had infectious signs were enrolled in to the study. The mean age of studied patients was 37.05±9.35 years. Heroin was the principle drug consumed by 78.125% of IVDUs. The most common chief complaints of patients were referring to liver biopsy, cough and pain with 21.87%, 20.31% and 20.31%, respectively. The most involved organs were liver (31.25%), lung (25%) and lower extremities (18.75%). Hepatitis 29.68%, skin infections 23.43%, pulmonary infections 21.87%, peripheral vascular infections 15.62%, AIDS 4.68%, endocarditic 1.56%, epididimorchitis 1.56% and drug toxicity 1.56% were the infectious etiologies of hospitalization in IVDUs. The most infections cause of IVDU hospitalization was hepatitis, skin infection and pulmonary infections.

[Zhinous Bayatmakoo, Roshanak Bayatmakoo, Parviz Saleh, Sepehr Taghizadeh. Study on infectious causes of hospitalization in intravenous drug users. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):602-606] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.92

Keywords: Intravenous drug users; Drug; Infections

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Evaluation cervical cord changes in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients

Masoud Nikanfar¹, Saeid Charsouei¹, Zinat Miabi², Sheida Sha'afi¹,Maziyar Hashemilar¹, Mehdi Farhodi¹, Ali Asghar Ebrahimi³, Alireza Khabbazi³, Reza Rikhtegar Ghiasi¹

^1. Neuroscience research center (NSRC), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^3. Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

scharsouei@gmail.com

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate cervical cord changes and to determine abnormal cervical cord prevalence in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients. In a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 50 patients with MS, 40 patients with vasculitis and 50 people as control group in Tabriz Razi hospital, we studied cervical cord changes and the prevalence of cervical cord abnormalities in the patients with MS and vasculitis. From 50 MS patients, only four people had diffused lesions in spine that were all related to Primary Progressive (P-P) type. From the 22 patients with MS, having spinal symptoms during the study, focal lesions were revealed in the cervical cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of eight people (36.4%) whereas the lesions were found in 28 patients with MS who had no spinal symptoms. Diffused lesions were also found in the cervical cord MRI of four patients (18.2%) who had spinal symptoms whereas the lesions were found in the 28 patients with MS who had no spinal symptoms. There was a meaningful and the reverse relations between EDSS mean and transverse cross-section of cervical cord. In every five patients with MS one patient had demyelinated lesions in cervical spine which was more obvious in progressive types and atrophy degree of cervical spine was more in the patients with P-P and Secondary progressive types compared to the patients with relapsing remitting.

[Nikanfar M, Charsouei S, Miabi Z, Sha'afi SH, Hashemilar M, Farhodi M, Ebrahimi A, Khabbazi A, Rikhtegar Ghiasi R. Evaluation cervical cord changes in the patients with MS and their comparison with vasculitis patients. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):607-613] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.93

Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis;Cervical Cord Changes; Vasculitis; MRI

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[Life Sci J 2012;9(4):614-620] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

Withdrawn

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Examining the relationship between activities (components) of quality management and their impact on quality outputs (case study of industrial estate Company of Kermanshah province)

Yousef Jalilian¹, Omid Jalilian² (Corresponding Author), Seyed Reza Hasani³, Hamid Jalilian¹, Hossein Jalilian¹

1- Department of Business Management, Eslamabad-E-Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad-E-Gharb, Iran

2- Department of Accounting, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

3- Department of Business Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract: This study aimed at determining the relationship between activities (components) of comprehensive quality management and investigating direct and indirect effects of these activities (components) on quality outputs in small and medium industries. The objectives of this study are: 1. creating more understanding and insight about the mentioned variables; 2. determining the priority of the measured variables; 3. determining variables that have the greatest impact on quality outputs in this study; 4. utilizing the results in order to increase quality outputs in small and medium industries; 5. Raising the competitive ability given the importance to the variables, that have greater impact on quality outputs. Thus, some questionnaires were distributed among statistical population of the study which were 186 active small and medium companies located in industrial estates covered by industrial estates company of Kermanshah province in 2010. The studied model assumptions were tested that were the relationship between independent variables of total quality management such as leadership, quality tools and techniques, quality planning, human resource management, customer focus, process management, supplier management, continuous improvement and learning and their influence directly and indirectly on quality outputs using statistical method of structural equations. Findings support the relationship between quality management measures and their positive effect on quality outputs.

[Yousef Jalilian, Omid Jalilian, Seyed Reza Hasani, Hamid Jalilian, Hossein Jalilian. Examining the relationship between activities (components) of quality management and their impact on quality outputs (case study of industrial estate Company of Kermanshah province). Life Sci J 2012;9(4):621-626] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95

doi:10.7537/marslsj090412.95

Keywords: leadership, continuous improvement, customer-focused, learning, management process, total quality management

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High Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing Paradigm through Single Sign On

¹Yasir Saleem, ¹Muhammad Munwar Iqbal, ²Muhammad Amjad, ¹Muhammad Salman Bashir, ¹Muhammad Faisal Hayat, ¹Muhamamd Farhan, ¹Amjad Farooq, ¹Abad Ali Shah

¹ Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UET Lahore, Pakistan