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1

Investigating the Stability Difference between Current Operating Accruals and Cash Items and Net Return on Assets in Future Period

Ayyub Ahmadi^1*, Mojtaba Afsordeh²

1*: Department of Accounting, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Corresponding Author)

2: Department of Accounting, Sciences and Researches Branch, Ahvaz, Iran

Afsordehmojtaba@yahoo.com

Abstract: Previous studies have provided evidences that, higher accrual profitability obligation in comparison with accrual profitability in each period is associated with lower profitability performance in future periods. These findings were interpreted as an increase in operating accruals adversely affect operating profit in future periods, thus decreasing the profitability of coming period. In this study, we demonstrated that, accrual profitability has no adverse effect on the operating profitability of the next period and lower stability of current accrual profitability to cash profitability in relation with operating profit of the next period lies beneath the stronger correlation between current accrual profitability and cash profitability with net operating assets.

[Ayyub Ahmadi, Mojtaba Afsordeh. Investigating the Stability Difference between Current Operating Accruals and Cash Items and Net Return on Assets in Future Period. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.01

Keywords: Net return on assets, accrual profitability, cash profitability, quality of profit, extracting discretionary accruals

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Identification and Prioritization the Critical Success Factors of Knowledge Management in IAU of Tabriz (Iran)

Behnam Talebi¹ , Mehdi Pakdel Bonab², Ghader Zemestani³, Zarrin Daneshvar⁴

1-Corresponding Author, Department of Educational Administration ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2-Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3-Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

4-Department of Educational Administration ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: This study aimed to identify and prioritize the Critical Success Factors of knowledge management in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in the year 2012, taking into CSF: organizational culture, organizational structure, human resource management, information technology infrastructure, knowledge strategy and leadership, training of human resources and studies have been done on them. Using statistical tests indicate a significant impact of all factors on KM. Sample population was all 468 university faculty members. Also estimating the contribution of each factor in predicting KM, one of the most powerful contributions is organizational structure (0.391) and other factors are organizational culture: 0.291, information technology infrastructure: 0.289, knowledge strategy and leadership: 0.248, training human Resources: 0.2 and human Resource Management: 0.21 respectively.

[Behnam Talebi, Mehdi Pakdel Bonab, Ghader Zemestani, Zarrin Daneshvar. Identification and Prioritization the Critical Success Factors of Knowledge Management in IAU of Tabriz (Iran). Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):8-14] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.02

Keywords: knowledge Management, Critical Success Factors , Higher Education

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Social Alienation and identity Status of university youths in Iran

Mahmoud Elmi

Department of Social Sciences, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, TABRIZ IRAN

drmahmoodelmi@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim of this paper is to study relationship between social alienation and identity status of university students. Methodology of this study is survey. In order to measure social alienation, we use Melvin Seeman’s scale including feelings of powerlessness, social anomie, social isolation, meaninglessness, and Estrangement. We also use identity status EIS2-EOM Test provided by Adams and Benion (1989) to measure identity status. Statistical population of this study includes students of Islamic Azad University. The sample includes 380 students chosen through proportional stratified sampling method based on student’s gender and faculty. Findings of this study show that there is significant correlation between social alienation and identity status of subjects. Average of alienation among males is 48.5 and females’ average is 49.3. This relation is statistically meaningful.  Test  shows that there is significant correlation between identity status and faculty. Rate of this relation in Phi test is 0.38. People with successful identity status who have passed the crisis and got some commitments, they rarely confront with social alienation, they use influential social skills and behave appropriately in anomic situation.

[Mahmoud Elmi. Social Alienation and identity Status of university youths in Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):15-20] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.03

Keywords: social alienation, identity status, university students, Melvin and Seeman, Adams and Benion

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The effect of moral education on ethical decision making of athletic trainers

Morteza fattahpour Marandi¹, Seyed Mohammad Kashef², Mir Hassan Seyed Ameri³, Mostafa Fattahpour Marandi⁴

1, 4- Master of Sport Management, University of Urmia

2, 3 - Associate Professor Sport Management, University of Urmia

Corresponding Author Email: m.fattahpour66@gmail.com

Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of passing educational and lesson-based courses with the contents of moral educations for sport coaches on their ethical decision-making in confronting to hard situations. Sixty people of sport coaches were selected as the sample of the study dividing into two 30 ones groups of observations and research. The data tool was a questionnaire of Kesoul ethical decision making with validity and reliability acceptable in this regard. The dependent and independent t-tests were used to evaluate and analysis of data. The research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the ethical educational courses and moral decisions. By studying the background of the research and the results, the necessity of attention to ethical education for sport coaches and obtaining lessons by the title of the 'applied moral' at sport seems to be essential in this regard.

[Morteza fattahpour Marandi, Seyed Mohammad Kashef, Mir Hassan Seyed Ameri, Mostafa Fattahpour Marandi. The effect of moral education on ethical decision making of athletic trainers. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):21-25] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.04

Key words: Ethical educations, lesson plan, ethical decision, sport coaches.

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Research Skills Education: Student Satisfaction

Iman Ghasemzadeh¹ , Soghra Fallahi² , Maryam Ghafouri², Zahra Rezaee², Mohammad Alizade², Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad², Rokhsareh Zare shahri², Forough Mahmoudi³, Saied Jokar⁴, Aliakbar Hesam², Seyed Shojaeddin Namazi²*

1. Research center for Infectious and Tropical Disease, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran

2. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran

3. Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran

4. Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

ssh.namazi@gmail.com  

Abstract: medical students should improve their research skills to prepare achieve higher educational levels and learn how to be a competent teacher. The aim of this study was to assess the participant satisfaction of the students who attended the research skills workshop in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The southern network of student research committee established a research skills workshop at Yasuj University. Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first part consisted of demographic questions and the second part consisted of 20 closed questions related to participant satisfaction. Questions were divided into three sections; lecturer ability, the equipment of Yasuj University, the and recreational programs of the workshop. The answer to each question was scored between 1-5 using likert scales. The total score of each questionnaire was 100 points. Data was analyzed with SPSS 17 software using descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and statistical tests such as independent T test. The average age of the participants was 21.45±1.8. Among them, 27(61.4%) were female. Among the participants 31(70.5%), 7(15.9%) and 16(36.4%) had experience of participation in similar workshops, experience as a lecturer and participating in a research project respectively. There was a significant relationship between satisfaction of the workshop and an experience of taking part in similar workshops, year of entrance and university (p<0.05). Among the participants 7(15.9%) had very high, 18(41%) had high, 11(25%) had medium, 6(13.6%) had low and 2(4.5%) had very low level of satisfaction with the workshop. In this study internet unavailability was the most important limitation of this workshop, thus, 31(70.5%) of the participants were not satisfied with the workshop. Internet is an important part in medical education and research. Internet access should be considered for research skills workshops.

[Ghasemzadeh I, Fallahi S, Ghafouri M, Rezaee Z, Alizade M, Shahrzad ME, Zare Shahri R, Mahmoudi F, Jokar S, Namazi SSh. Research Skills Education: Student Satisfaction. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):26-29] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.05

Keywords: Students, Research, Education

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The study of the effects of sport, cultural and artistic activities on student’s mental health and their social intimacy

Forough Naghibi ¹, Mohammad Alizadh², Hamid Haghighi³, Morteza Salimi², Zeinab Hesam⁴, Ali Akbar Hesam ^2*

1-       M.Sc Student of Clinical Psychology, Bandar-e-Abbas branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

2-       Student Research Committee, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical

Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

3-       Department of Counseling & Psychological, Hormozgan University of Technology , Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

4-       M.Sc Student of Clinical Psychology, Sari branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Ali Akbar Hesam

Email:Aliakbar.Hesam@yahoo.com;  Tel & Fax: +987613337104

Abstract: Making intimacy-based relations with other is a great factor of health and mental establishment in adults. The province of mental health and its optimization in the community level are the most essential tasks which the health organization has put it on the government responsibility. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of sport, cultural and artistic activities on mental health and students social intimacy which it has been carried out on 240 B.A students of Hormozghane University as they were selected accidently in sampling method. The tool of the study is a MMSI (Millar and Lefkourt social intimacy questionnaire) and mental health scale (GHQ). The results showed that there is a significant difference between three participated groups in four mental health elements (physical symptoms, anxiety, social function and depression). These elements have the greatest mean among the active students of sport, cultural and artistic activities. Different activities are very effective in both mental health and interpersonal intimacy. Since, the cultural-artistic activities need cooperation which it can be effective in optimizing the interpersonal intimacy with other people as well.

[Forough Naghibi, Mohammad Alizadh, Hamid Haghighi, Morteza Salimi, Zeinab Hesam, Ali Akbar Hesam. The study of the effects of sport, cultural and artistic activities on student’s mental health and their social intimacy. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):30-35] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.06

Key words: Social intimacy, mental health, cultural-artistic activities, sport activities, students

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A comparative study of religious attitudes and coping strategies among male smoker and non-smoker students in Hormozghan University

Hamid Haghighi ¹, Mohammad Alizadh², Forough Naghibi³, Seyed Shojaeddin Namazi², Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad², Morteza Salimi², Zenab Hesam⁴, Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani², Ali Akbar Hesam ^2*

1-       Department of Counseling & Psychological,  Hormozgan University of Technology, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

2-       Student Research Committee, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical

Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran

3-M.Sc Student of Clinical Psychology, Bandar-e-Abbas branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

4-       M.Sc Student of Clinical Psychology, Sari branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Ali Akbar Hesam

Email: AliAkbar.Hesam@yahoo.com;  Tel & Fax: +987613337104

Abstract: The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the religious attitudes comparison and coping strategies among male smoker and non-smoker students. The statistical community included the whole BA students of  Hormozghan University by the number of 5261 students. The sample volume of the study include 200 male students which 100 ones smoker and 100 other non-smoker who they were selected as web or snowball sampling method. The results of the analysis and findings showed that in religious attitude variable, non-smoker students had higher mean than smoker students. In the variable of coping method, the problem-based issue of non-smoker students had higher mean than non-smokers. The study of religious attitude with coping method had positive significant relationship. But the religious attitude variable had negative significant relationship with two coping methods of excitement and preventive subjects.

[Hamid Haghighi, Mohammad Alizadh, Forough Naghibi, Seyed Shojaeddin Namazi, Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad, Morteza Salimi, Zenab Hesam, Seyed Reza Mirsoleymani, Ali Akbar Hesam. A comparative study of religious attitudes and coping strategies among male smoker and non-smoker students in Hormozghan University. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):36-39] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.07

Key words: Religious attitude, coping strategies, male students, smoker students, non-smoker students

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Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction on Microfinance: Empirical Evidence from India

¹P.Vikkraman, ²S. Ravi, ³V.Kumaravel

¹Director i/c, School of Management Studies, Anna University - Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamilnadu – India, E-mail: dr.p.vikkraman@gmail.com

²Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Vivekanandha Institute of Information and Management Studies, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu-India, E-mail: sraviviims@gmail.com

³Professor, Department of Management Studies, Vivekanandha Institute of Information and Management Studies, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu-India, E-mail: kumaravelphd@gmail.com

Abstract: The present paper attempts to analyze the satisfaction level of microfinance beneficiaries in India. Microfinance is generally accepted tool for improving the economic condition of rural women in developing countries like India. Microfinance refers to a wide range of financial services including microcredit, savings, insurance, and other financial products provided by banks and non banking institutions targeted to poor and low income people. The primary data are collected from 750 women a microfinance beneficiary belongs to Namakkal district of Tamilnadu in India. The research finding proves that there is a highly significant association between educational qualification and occupation of the women beneficiaries and overall satisfaction regarding microfinance schemes. It is further proved that there is no significant association between age of the women beneficiaries and overall satisfaction level regarding microfinance. Microfinance has greatest scope in India in terms of small and medium business opportunities, improving their standard of living and employment opportunities to the rural poor and low income people.

[P. Vikkraman, S. Ravi, V. Kumaravel. Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction on Microfinance: Empirical Evidence from India. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):40-48] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.08

Key Words: Microfinance, Customer Satisfaction, Micro Credit, Self Help Group.

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Adomian decomposition method for solving the Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equation

Y. Mahmoudi,  F. Misagh ,  A. Ahmadpour Parvizan, N. Rafati Maleki

Department of Mathematics, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

mahmoudi@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: In this paper the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and modified Adomian decomposition method (MADM) are used to solve the homogenous and inhomogeneous Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equations. ADM approximate solution, which is obtained as a series has a reasonable residual error. MADM gets the exact solution of inhomogeneous Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equation. Comparison of the results with those of ADM, MADM and finite difference scheme shows the accuracy of the ADM and MADM methods.

[Y. Mahmoudi, F. Misagh, A. Ahmadpour Parvizan, N. Rafati Maleki. Adomian decomposition method for solving the Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equation. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):49-53] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.09

keywords: Adomian decomposition method; Modified Adomian decomposition method; Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equation

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Managers' emotional intelligence and its role in improving organizational citizenship behavior of staffs

(Case study: Eastern Azerbaijan State Water and Waste Water Company)

Soleyman Iranzadeh¹ (corresponding author) , Morteza Khodakhah Amlashi²

Associate Professor, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Ph.D. Student  in Management, Department of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: morteza_khodakhah@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main goal of this research is to study managers' emotional intelligence and its role in improving organizational citizenship behavior of staffs in Eastern Azerbaijan State Water and Waste Water Company. This research is a descriptive one. The population under investigation includes managers and staffs of Eastern Azerbaijan State Water and Waste Water Company and since it involves two different groups, the organization managers are selected by consensus and the staffs group of each management was selected by using a simple random sampling. We used emotional intelligence test's normalized questionnaire of Shring (for managers) and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire of Podsakoff et al (for staffs) to collect data. The results showed that there is a meaningful correlation between managers' emotional intelligence and staffs' organizational citizenship behavior and also between self-awareness skills, self-control, self-stimulation, social consciousness and managers' social skills and staffs' organizational citizenship behavior.

[Soleyman Iranzadeh, Morteza Khodakhah Amlashi. Managers' emotional intelligence and its role in improving organizational citizenship behavior of staffs. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):54-63] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.10

Keywords: emotional intelligence, self-awareness, self-control, self-stimulation, social consciousness, social skills, organizational citizenship behavior       

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Sequence Stratigraphy Based on Facies and Sedimentary Environments of Triassic Elika Formation in North of Tabriz, Iran

Rahim Mahari

Department of Geology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Studied area is located in northen Tabriz (Northwest of Iran). Thickness of Triassic sedimentary rocks in this region is 855 meters. The base of these rocks is isocline with Permian units and the top have angular unconformity with Miocene sediments. These sedimentary rocks can be divided into carbonate and terrigenous facies. Based on the microscopic and field studies five facies can be recognize in carbonates. These facies relates to supratidal, intertidal, lagoon, barrier and open marine environmens. Terrigenous part includes massive polymictic carbonate conglomerate. This conglomerate generated in type-scott of braided Rivers.  Based on facies cycle, three sequences are distinguished in this sedimentary record. The lower boundary of the first sequence is SB2 and upper boundary of the third sequence is SB1.

[Rahim Mahari. Sequence Stratigraphy Based on Facies and Sedimentary Environments of Triassic Elika Formation in North of Tabriz, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):64-70] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.11

Key words: Triassic, Facies, Sedimentary Environment, Sequence Stratigraphy, Tabriz.

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12

The relation between capital structure and stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Hassan Pourmokhtar Andarian

Department of Accounting, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran

Abstract: One of the most complex issues in challenging financial managers is the relation between capital structure components and one of the most important cases of that is the relation between capital structure and stock price. Therefore, the question arises is that which one of funds resources the company manager should be chosen how much of that resource is used in the composition of his/her capital that be able to adjust capital structure so that stock price and stockholders wealth will be increase. This research intends to study on the relation between capital structure and stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1380 to 1387. Statistical population in this study is consists of 75 companies from 7 active groups in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The argumentation method of this study is deductive-inductive and the research method is correlation. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as regression analysis and correlation analysis, regression linearity test, F test, parameters estimating test and T test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant relation between the capital structure and stock price of listed companies on the stock exchange.

[Hassan Pourmokhtar Andarian. The relation between capital structure and stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):71-76] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.12

Keywords: capital structure, stock price, leverage, debt to assets ratio

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The Concept Of Incitement And Its Position In Iran  And Azerbaijan Law

Seyed Valilou Seyed Aziz (Ph.D), Şhaker Soltanahmadi Siamek (Ph.D Candidate)

Department of Payam Nor University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract: Emotion and excitation affections are considered in special times as the cause in commission of a crime among people. In some of these cases, these excitation and emotion undergo profound alternations, so that they become similar to some of the other states. Incitement as one of the mitigating defenses of punishment has a partly long history in common law system. Against, this category hasn’t been considered more in Germanic-roman law system and Islamic religious jurisprudence. Thus, in our law system that composed of Germanic-roman and Islamic law system, you can’t find rules and general doctrines commanding on this excuse in form of comprehensive and formularized. Just some of incitement forms are presumable and extractible as mitigating reasons or improving punishment between formularized laws. Nevertheless, this topic has been placed clearly in different materials in Azerbaijan punishment law. In this paper, first, doctrines and rules commanding on common penalty law and as regards to Iran and Azerbaijan law system will be analyzed and investigated.

[Seyed Valilou Seyed Aziz, Şhaker Soltanahmadi Siamek. The Concept Of Incitement And Its Position In Iran  And Azerbaijan Law. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):77-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.13

Keywords:  intention, authority, incitement, typical criterion, personal criterion, revengefulness, stored incitement, self-made incitement

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Managerial style and attitudes of managers and teachers regarding education affects on students' academic motivation

¹Mohammad Beyrami, ²Behnam Talebi

1. Department of Education Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand , Iran

2. Department of Education Administration, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Aim of this research, the survey of Managerial style and attitudes of managers and teachers regarding education affects on students' academic motivation at Sufian education zone (Iran). This study was a descriptive survey. The questionnaire in this study is made by the researcher, is designed based on the theoretical framework and literature review of the study with initial studies cronbach's alpha of the total questionnaire equals α=80/0 which demonstrated high reliability .According to the findings of this study: managerial style affects the development of students' academic motivation. Attitudes of managers regarding education have no significant impact on motivation achievement of students. Types of teaching-learning activities affect improvement of students motivation .Teachers' attitudes towards education affect the advancement of academic motivation.

[Mohammad Beyrami, Behnam Talebi. Managerial style and attitudes of managers and teachers regarding education affects on students' academic motivation. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):84-87] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.14

Keywords: Managerial style; manager; teacher; student; academic motivation

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The effect of periodical corrective motions on cardia - respiratory indexes of young girls with scoliosis

¹Mahboobeh Karbalaie, ²Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh, ³Yahya Sokhanguei, ⁴Ahmad Torkfar, ⁵Mir Hamid Salehian

1.        Department of Physical Education, Zabol branch, Islamic Azad University, Zabol, Iran

2.        Department of Physical Education, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

3.                    Ph.D. of Physical Therapy, Academic Member of University of Social Walfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4.        Department of Physical Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

5.       Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Mh_salehian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corrective exercises on Max oxygen intake and heart rate indexes in girls (12-15 years old) with scoliosis. 40 girls (12-15 years old) with scoliosis were selected randomly from a guidance school and divided to two groups, 20 in experimental and 20 in control ones. All participants filled out the form to ensure that they had no heart and cardiovascular disease, in order to perform the required tests. After measuring the height and weight of participants, they were familiar with the tests. The pre-test consisted of the scoliosis evaluation, static strength and flexibility of back muscles and range of bending motion. Both groups practiced training programs for four weeks, each week four sessions for an hour and a half. Data were analyzed by paired t and independent t test and chi-square test (chi square). The research results demonstrated that the spinal flexibility and back muscles strength increased in the experimental group after a period of corrective movements, but there was not a significant difference between experimental and control groups. Corrective exercises had a positive impact on the level of the posterior superior iliac spine and there was significant difference between experimental and control groups. Corrective exercises had a positive impact on the shoulders surface, but there was not a significant difference between experimental and control groups. Lateral bending in the subjects of our research was asymmetrical and the results of corrective exercises did not show any significant difference in both groups.

[¹Mahboobeh Karbalaie, Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh, Yahya Sokhanguei, Ahmad Torkfar, Mir Hamid Salehian. The effect of periodical corrective motions on cardia - respiratory indexes of young girls with scoliosis. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):88-91] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.15

Keywords: corrective exercises, scoliosis, flexibility, strength

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The Effect of Motivational Self-Talk on Performance in a Force Generation Task with an Emphasis on the Role of Belief in Self-Talk

¹ Tayebeh Baniasadi, ²Mir Hamid Salehian, ²Lamia Mirheidari, ³Ali Golguni

1. Department of Physical Education, Rudhen branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudhen, Iran

2. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Department of Physical Education, Malekan branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran

Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of motivational self-talk on performance in a force generation task with an emphasis on self-talk belief. 23 participants (23.5 ± 1.9 years old) voluntarily participated in the research. The performance of the participants was measured by a dynamometer under a control and an experimental condition. In the experimental condition (self-talk), the participants uttered “I can do it” before exerting force on the device, while in the control condition no sentence was uttered before the task. Immediately after the test the participants filled out a self-talk belief questionnaire as well as a manipulation check survey. The results showed that self-talk leads to improved performance in the force generation task, but there was no significant relationship between self-talk belief and performance. In general, it seems that self-talk belief is not an important antecedent for the effect of self-talk on performance.

[Tayebeh Baniasadi, Mir Hamid Salehian, Lamia Mirheidari, Ali Golguni. The Effect of Motivational Self-Talk on Performance in a Force Generation Task with an Emphasis on the Role of Belief in Self-Talk. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):92-94] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.16

Keywords: motivational self-talk, self-talk belief, force generation task

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Evaluation of internal and external quality of Ph.D. course of Islamic University educational sciences of Tehran research and science branch to provide some related suggestions to guarantee of the course quality

Zahra Rashidi, Ezatolah Naderi, Maryam Seif  Naraghi

Department of Educational Sciences, Sciences & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding author: arashidi_md@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of the present article is to evaluate internally and externally the quality of Ph.D Program in Educational Sciences Department in Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University in Tehran, in order to Provide Suggestions for Quality Assurance and Promotion. The present study is an applied one and the research method it employs is descriptive- analytical one. In the study, quantitative tools (questionnaire) and qualitative ones (interview and observation) are used. The population consists of: 1. head of department 2. Faculty members (N= 4) 3. Students (No=40) 4.Graduates (No=78) 5. Employers (N= 35). Since the sample was small, to make an in- depth examination, complete census was conducted. To analyze the data, the descriptive method of abundance type, average, and scaling the evaluation factors have been applied. Finally, according to the data the extent of desirability of the evaluated factors and the comparability of internal and external evaluations is presented as follows: The first factor- goals, organizational position, management and organization: rather desirable, The second factor- faculty members: desirable, The third factor-students: desirable, The forth factor-courses and the curriculum: rather desirable, The fifth factor-teaching –learning process: rather desirable. The sixth factor-Graduates: desirable. . In conclusion, the overall quality status of the Department in the both internal and external evaluation is desirable with the numeral rate of 2.5.

[Zahra Rashidi, Ezatolah Naderi, Maryam Seif  Naraghi. Evaluation of internal and external quality of Ph.D. course of Islamic University educational sciences of Tehran research and science branch to provide some related suggestions to guarantee of the course quality. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):95-101] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.17

Keywords: internal evaluation, external evaluation, quality in higher education, quality assurance.

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The study of effective factor on boom-seeking of sport in Hormozghan province

¹Ahmad Torkfar, ²Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh, ³Mahbubeh Karbalaei, ⁴Mir Hamid Salehian

1.Department of Physical Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

2.Department of Physical Education, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

3.Department of Physical Education, Zabol branch, Islamic Azad University, Zabol, Iran

4.Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Iran

Abstract: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effective factors on forming and implementing volunteer movement in Hormozghan province. The present research methodology was descriptive-analysis and its statistical community is subjected to the bosses and vice-presidents of the province sport boards with 88 people in this study which questionnaires were divided and then collected among them efficiently. The research tool is an authentic questionnaire using comprehensive references which its reliability and authenticity was based on common methods evaluated as well. To analysis data, the descriptive statistics and inferential statistical (U-Mann Whitney and Friedman test) using Spss 19 were applied in this regard. The results showed that ranking factors subjected to the attraction of people, preserving and maintaining people, educating and developing volunteer movement had priorities from the first to fourth, respectively in the province. Also, it is determined that we can try more tendency towards absorbing volunteers than recruitment, making great relationship between sport officials and volunteers, providing suitable planning to evaluate volunteers activity and participation management to be applicable in implementing effective approaches in the field of volunteer movement. Usually, there must be a strategic approach to make its connection between sport officials in the province (Hormozgan), particularly absorbing factor which it can expand the sport affairs due to the existence of more young forces interested in sport issues assisting to the sport of the province in near future.

[Ahmad Torkfar, Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh, Mahbubeh Karbalaei, Mir Hamid Salehian. The study of effective factor on boom-seeking of sport in Hormozghan province. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):102-105] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.18

Key words: sport – volunteer movement – Hormozghan province

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Frequency of P53 immunohistochemical expression in all histopathological types of basal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features

Alireza Monsef¹, Akram Ansar², Sahar Behnoud², Farnaz Monsef³, Rasoul Esmaeili^4*

1-                   Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

2-                   Department of Dermatology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

3-                   Dental student, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

4-                   Student's Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Rasoul Esmaeili. Medical student, Student's Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Fax: +98-811-8380208; Tel: +98-811-8380451; E-mail: R.Esmaeili@umsha.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in humans. Some immunohistochemical markers such as P53 gene mutation have been known in the pathogenesis. This study was done to investigate the frequency of immunohistochemical expression and intensity of P53 as a tumor marker and its correlation with other data such as age, sex and anatomical site of the tumor in all histopathological types. Methods: This cross sectional study was done on one hundred basal cell carcinoma specimens. At first the specimens were fixed by formalin, and stained by hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathological types of the tumor were determined. Immunohistochemical expression and intensity of P53 was investigated. Other data such as age, sex and anatomical site of the tumor were collected. Results: The specimens comprised 62 men (62%) and 38 women (38%), ages 22-107 years. Prevalence of P53 expression was 76%. The intensity of the P53 was strong in 70% and weak in 30% of cases. There was not a significant correlation between this marker and other variables (P> 0.05). Conclusions: In total we indicated that P53 mutation may possibly play a role in basal cell carcinoma. Our study does not support a correlation between expression of this marker with gender and anatomical lesion sites. In addition, there was not a significance association between the histopathological types based on the P53 expression and staining intensity of it.

[Alireza Monsef, Akram Ansar, Sahar Behnoud, Farnaz Monsef, Rasoul Esmaeili. Frequency of P53 immunohistochemical expression in all histopathological types of basal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):106-111] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.19

Key words: basal cell carcinoma; P53; expression; staining intensity

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A SDV-MOORA Approach for Ranking Facility Locations

Mohamed F. El-Santawy* and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean

Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)

Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

Abstract: The suitability of a specific location for proposed facility operations depends largely on what location factors are selected and evaluated as well as their potential impact on corporate objectives and operations. Facility location problem is a typical Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem which involves many conflicting attributes. In this paper we try to tackle this well known problem by combining the Standard Deviation to allocate the weights, then combining the proposed method to Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) technique. An international company's  facility location problem of a new manner is illustrated. The new approach so-called SDV-MOORA is employed to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean. A SDV-MOORA Approach for Ranking Facility Locations. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):112-115] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.20

Keywords: Facility Locations; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Standard Deviation.

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An Information Entropy Weighting Method Combined to TOPSIS Approach for Ranking Consulting Firms

Mohamed F. El-Santawy^1,* and A. N. Ahmed²

¹Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)Cairo University, Egypt

²Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to select and rank consulting firms by suggesting new multi-criteria decision making approach. The new technique employs an Information Entropy Weighting (IEW) method to allocate weights when no preference exists among criteria involved. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique is combined to the new weighting method to rank the consulting firm.  A MCDM problem of consulting firms found in real-life international company is presented. The new approach so-called SDV-MOORA is employed to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. An Information Entropy Weighting Method Combined to TOPSIS Approach for Ranking Consulting Firms. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):116-119]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.21

Keywords: Consulting Firms; Information Entropy; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; TOPSIS.

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A SDV-MOORA Approach for Ranking Facility Locations

Mohamed F. El-Santawy* and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean

Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

Abstract: The suitability of a specific location for proposed facility operations depends largely on what location factors are selected and evaluated as well as their potential impact on corporate objectives and operations. Facility location problem is a typical Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem which involves many conflicting attributes. In this paper we try to tackle this well known problem by combining the Standard Deviation to allocate the weights, then combining the proposed method to Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) technique. An international company's  facility location problem of a new manner is illustrated. The new approach so-called SDV-MOORA is employed to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean. A SDV-MOORA Approach for Ranking Facility Locations.  Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):120-122]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.22

Keywords: Facility Locations; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Standard Deviation.

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Personnel Training Selection Problem Based on SDV-MOORA

Mohamed F. El-Santawy^1,* and A. N. Ahmed²

¹Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

²Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract: Selection of qualified human resources is a key success factor for an organization. The adequate personnel training have a dramatic effect on improving the employees’ performance, which will be reflected on the growth and competence of the whole organization, especially in large-size and multinational companies and organizations. Personnel selection problem is a well known Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem which involves many conflicting attributes. In This article a MCDM problem is presented and a real-life international company personnel selection problem of a new manner is illustrated. A modified Technique for Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method combined to Standard Deviation weight method is presented to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. Personnel Training Selection Problem Based on SDV-MOORA. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):123-125]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.23

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Personnel; Standard Deviation.

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Selection of a Consulting Firm by Using SDV-MOORA

Mohamed F. El-Santawy* and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean

Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)

Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

Abstract: Many companies usually ask for consulting firm service to cautiously deal with critical problems, such that introducing new product, pricing, marketing strategies. Thus evaluating and selecting a suitable consulting firm becomes an important issue. Many criteria must be considered when evaluating consulting firms, some of them are qualitative others are quantitative. In This article a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem of a real-life international company is presented. The MCDM problem of selecting consulting firm existed in the company is tackled by a new proposed method. A modified Technique for Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method combined to Standard Deviation weight method is presented to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and Ramadan A. Zean El-Dean. Selection of a Consulting Firm by Using SDV-MOORA. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):126-128]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.24

Keywords: Consulting Firm; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Standard Deviation.

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Analysis of Project Selection by Using SDV-MOORA Approach

Mohamed F. El-Santawy^1,* and A. N. Ahmed²

¹Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

²Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract: Various objectives are usually taken into account when projects are analyzed, including economic desirability, technical issues, and environmental and social factors. As the decision maker tries to maximize or minimize outcomes associated with each objective depending on its nature, so a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem arises. In this article, a new method is developed to assign weights to criteria when there is no preference among them based on the Standard Deviation (SDV) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) technique. A MCDM project selection problem found in real-life international company is presented.The new approach so-called SDV-MOORA is employed to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. Analysis of Project Selection by Using SDV-MOORA Approach. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):129-131]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.25

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Project selection; Standard Deviation.

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[Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):132-146]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.26

Withdrawn

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An investigation to determine normative anthropometric standards in women of childbearing age )north-eastern of Iran(

Esmaeilzadeh mahdi

Department of Basic Sciences, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.

mehdi_dna@yahoo.com

Abstract: A community based, cross-sectional survey was undertaken on the anthropometric status of Kurmanj, non-pregnant women of childbearing age in the North-eastern of Iran. The main purpose of this investigation was to determine normative anthropometric standards in women of childbearing age. Interviews and anthropometric measurements were completed on 473 non-pregnant women randomly selected and stratified by five year age categories from eight peasant associations. The mean (SD) weight was found to be 46.9(5.3) kg, with 75% weighing less than 50 kg. Women’s height averaged 155.5 cm with nearly 20% under 150 cm. The mean (SD) BMI was 19.4 (1.9) kg/m² and 35% of the women had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m². Means for all anthropometric measurements fell below the 10th percentile of the standard NCHS reference for women. All anthropometric outcomes were stable across age categories. The relation between these anthropometric measures and adverse health outcomes will require validation.

[Esmaeilzadeh M. An investigation to determine normative anthropometric standards in women of childbearing age )north-eastern of Iran(. Life Sci J 2012;(2s):147-151] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.27

Keywords: Anthropometric status, kurmanj women, childbearing, north-eastern of Iran

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Personnel Training Selection Problem Based on SDV-MOORA

Mohamed F. El-Santawy^1,* and A. N. Ahmed²

¹Department of Operation Research, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR)

Cairo University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: lost_zola@yahoo.com

²Department of Mathematical Statistics, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract: Selection of qualified human resources is a key success factor for an organization. The adequate personnel training have a dramatic effect on improving the employees’ performance, which will be reflected on the growth and competence of the whole organization, especially in large-size and multinational companies and organizations. Personnel selection problem is a well known Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem which involves many conflicting attributes. In This article a MCDM problem is presented and a real-life international company personnel selection problem of a new manner is illustrated. A modified Technique for Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method combined to Standard Deviation weight method is presented to solve the MCDM problem.

[Mohamed F. El-Santawy and A. N. Ahmed. Personnel Training Selection Problem Based on SDV-MOORA. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):152-154] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.28

Keywords: Multi-Criteria Decision Making; MOORA; Personnel; Standard Deviation.

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Electronic learning and high technology education versus traditional face to face one ; 3 years experience (2010-2012) in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt

Radwan AS¹, Fathy H¹, Okasha HS², Elkhouly EH³, Hamed NA⁴, Morsi MG²

¹Electronic Engineers,²Medical Microbiology &Immunology, ³Tropical Medicine, 4Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt

morsirg@yahoo.com

Abstract: Electronic learning is the future  learning that delivers comprehensive contents to students in comfortable time and conditions chosen by learners needs. Faculty members and expert engineers helping them in using  recent technologies and to stay informed about the latest developments, and transfer what they have learned to new generations of students. Aim of this study was: To establish electronic gate to Alexandria Faculty of Medicine as an alternative or complementary method for teaching both postgraduates and undergraduate medical students. To enhance faculty members and student levels of skills toward integrating e-learning in their teaching.  Design: 3 years Cross sectional descriptive and applied analytical study was used in this study. Subjects: 150 Staff faculty members, 150 postgraduate students as well as 1200 undergraduate medical students were involved in the study. Tools: First year (2010) was stressed on training staff members on online courses by weekly lectures and regular workshops. Second year (2011) was dedicated in creating and applying 21 postgraduate academic and clinical medical on line courses. Third year(2012) was concentrated on online regular exams for 4^th, 5^th, and 6^th medical students together with reapplying postgraduate e-courses after their modification by following the feedback from previous courses.   A structured questionnaire was developed by the researchers in four parts: Part one included information of participants experience in teaching using recent technologies. Part two included participant’s attitudes on the  usefulness of recent  technology. Part three included participant’s (students and professors) supporting electronic learning. Part four feedback (survey) questioner’ prepared by technical support and submitted by postgraduate students after each e-course. Lastly an e-course comprehensive  contents with  was prepared by team of staff members (Professors, Assistants, Lecturers and Demonstrators) in the form of power points, video films, animations, weekly activity(either quiz or assignment) for totally 40 marks i.e. continuous assessment , midterm quiz at 7^th week for 20 marks and a final on line exam.at the 15^th week for the rest 40%.The on line exams were in the form of multiple choices, true or false and matching. All the resources (contents), quizzes and e-exams were prepared and uploaded by Medical Staff Members with assistance of Technical Support Engineers(Electronic unit team). Our results revealed a high rate of willingness of students(80%) and staff (60%)to use electronic teaching and exams. in terms of convenience, simplicity and saving money of transport and working at the same time of studying (postgraduates more than undergraduates who still need face to face teaching).

[Radwan AS, Fathy H, Okasha HS, Elkhouly EH, Hamed NA, Morsi MG.^.Electronic learning and high technology education versus traditional face to face one; 3 years experience (2010-2012) in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):155-160] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.29

Keywords: Electronic learning, High technology education, Moodle, e-courses & exams.

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Controls losses in Depleted Reservoirs and high-permeability formations using Nanomaterial as a new mud product.

A. Z. NOAH

Faculty of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Egypt.

ahmednoah@aucegypt.edu 

Abstract: Losses of whole mud to subsurface formations is called lost circulation or lost returns.  Lost circulation has historically been one of the primary contributors to high mud costs. Other hole problems such as wellbore instability, stuck pipe and even blowouts have been the result of lost circulation. Besides the obvious benefits of maintaining circulation, preventing or curing mud losses is important to other drilling objectives such as obtaining good quality formation evaluation and achieving an effective primary cement bond on casing. The severity of losses ranges from minor seepage to complete losses with no returns regardless of the technique utilized to cure the problem. Under-balanced drilling with aerated fluids, foams or density-reducing beads has been successful in many areas. Injection of compressed air or nitrogen is usually necessary to accomplish the density reduction needed to achieve under-balanced conditions. Besides minimizing or preventing lost circulation, these techniques are also used to provide enhanced penetration rates and reduce formation damage due to invasion of drilling fluids or filtrate. In this study, novel fluids as Aphron drilling Nano-fluid have three chief attributes that serve to minimize fluid invasion and damage of producing formations. First, the base fluid is very shear thinning and not very thixotropic, exhibiting an extraordinarily high low-shear-rate viscosity (LSRV) and flat gels; the unique viscosity profile is thought to reduce the flow rate of the fluid dramatically upon entering a loss zone. Second, various components in the mud interact to produce micro-gels that help to reduce spurt loss. Finally, very tough and flexible micro-bubbles, called “Aphrons,” create a soft seal within the permeable or fractured formation to reduce losses further. Aphron drilling fluids, which are highly shear-thinning water-based fluids containing stabilized air-filled bubbles (Aphrons), have been applied successfully worldwide to drill depleted reservoirs and other high-permeability formations as well as fracture Granite formations. Based on laboratory determinations, the smallest size for a gas-core Aphron is 25 µm. The bubbles smaller than this size are not able to maintain the surfactant-based boundary separating them from the bulk water and thus get dispersed in the continuous water phase. From field study, Aphron ICS mud was used to drill KHA 403 and 404 wells (Yamen) compared to previous wells drilled with a polymer mud. The total volume of Aphron drilling fluid built to drill the reservoir interval was 696m3, and losses incurred totaled 265 m3 into formation fractures. A subsequent well, KHA 404, was drilled in the same area with the APHRON ICS mud, and it experienced no losses of the APHRON ICS mud and even greater production. Hydraulics relative to offset wells drilled with simple water-based polymer muds, it is reported that hole cleaning was substantially improved, even during periods when pump rate had to   be reduced in an effort to mitigate downhole losses, indicating minimal invasion of drilled solids into the fractures drilled.

[A.Z.NOAH. Controls losses in Depleted Reservoirs and high-permeability formations using Nanomaterial as a new mud product. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):161-170]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.30

Keywords: Nano-fluid, mud, losses, drilling fluid, surfactant, Aphron, permeability, fracture.

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Utility of 2-Thiohydantoin Derivatives in the Synthesis of Some Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds with Expected Biological Activity

A.Y. Hassan¹, M.M.Said²; M.T. Sarg³; H.S.Al-Zahabi⁴ and E.M.Hussein³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo; Egypt

²Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo; Egypt

 ³Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo; Egypt

⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo. Egypt

m.t.sarg@hotmail.com

Abstract: On the pharmaceutical account of the reported anticancer activity of imidazole and condensed imidazole, new imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazines 3a-d , pyrrolo[1,2-e]imidazole 5, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines 6a,b, 6^\a, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazines 7a,b, 9a,b imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles 11a,b, 12a,b, 18a,b, 19a,b, 20a,b, 24; thieno[3^\,2^\,:4,5]pyrimido[1,2-a]imidazoles 14a,b, 15a,b, pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines 17a,b , imidazole derivatives 8a,b, 10a,b, 21, 22, 23 and imidazo[2^\,1^\:2,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]pyrazole 25 were synthesized through different chemical reactions. Structures of all synthesized compounds were supported by spectral and elemental analyses. The selected compounds by NCI were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against 60 human tumour cell lines.

 [A.Y. Hassan, M.M.Said; M.T. Sarg; H.S.Al-Zahabi and E.M.Hussein. Utility of 2-Thiohydantoin Derivatives in the Synthesis of Some Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds with Expected Biological Activity. Life Science Journal. 2012;9(2s):171-190] (ISSN:1097–8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.31

Keywords: imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine; imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole; imidazole derivatives; anticancer .

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Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Regulatory Effects of Salvia officinalis Extract on OVA-induced Asthma in Mice

Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy¹ and GhadaTabl²

¹ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University

² Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University

ghada_tabl@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study designed to evaluate the protective effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) water extract against OVA- induced asthma in mice. The OVA-induced asthmatic mice exhibited significant increase in total leukocytes count, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophils count in (BALF), in addition, to the serum total IgE level. Pathological changes in the lung were evaluated and compared to either treated OVA-challenged SO group or control- Salvia Officinalis oral administered group. Salvia Officinalis extract reduced significantly the number of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the BALF and the level of IgE as compared to OVA-challenged group. Moreover, Salvia Officinalis extract (SO) reduced the eosinophils infiltration in the lung tissue.  These results suggest that Salvia officinalis extract via oral treatment may have anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects on bronchial allergic asthma.

[Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy and GhadaTabl. Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Regulatory Effects of Salvia officinalis Extract on OVA-induced Asthma in Mice. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):191-196]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.32

Keywords: Salvia officinalis extract- OVA-induced asthma-Leukocytes-Cytokines- Eosinophils-Serum IgE level.

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Relation between serum Visfatin and clinical severity in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis

Ismail Ashraf Khalifa¹,  Abeer Ibrahim², Abdelhameed Abdelfattah³ and Ashraf abdelmonem³

Departments of  Rheumatology¹, Internal medicine² and  Clinical Pathology³ -Faculty of Medicine and Biochemistry⁴ Department, Faculty of Pharmacy(girls)- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

a7b9d@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bachground: Visfatin is a one of the recently discovered adipokine that has an important pro-inflammatory and catabolic roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-15, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), initiate a number of physiological changes that result in the characteristic signs of inflammation. Since inflammation is the major factor leading to structural damage, it is critical to achieve rapid suppression of inflammation to maximize disease control. Objective: to evaluate the role of serum visfatin as a recent pro-inflammatory marker in RA according to the activity scores of disease to assess the possibility of introducing serum visfatin in the diagnosis and monitoring of RA patients and correlate between its serum level and other cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a) and other laboratory biomarkers. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on a total number of 80 individuals, 60 of them were RA (48 females 80% , 12 males 20%) diagnosed as RA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2010 criteria  and 20 healthy subjects as a control (10 females 50%, 10 males 50%). RA patients were classified to 3 groups:Group I (severe RA): 20 RA patients, Group II  (moderate RA): 20 RA patients and Group III (mild RA): 20 RA patients according to clinical evaluation for disease activity assessed using a 28 joint disease activity score, (DAS-28). Blood samples were obtained from patients and controls for CBC and ESR. The sera of patients collected for ELISA estimation of serum visfatin , IL6 and TNF-a. CRP and RF were determined by turbidimetry quantitative method. Results: The comparison between the RA and control groups showed that; the mean serum level of visfatin, Platelets (PLT), ESR, IL6, CRP and RF were significantly higher in RA patients than control group .  The comparison between the mild, moderate and severe RA groups showed that the mean  levels of visfatin and IL-6 were significantly higher in severe RA group than moderate RA group which was significantly higher than mild RA group.   There was a significant positive correlation between  serum visfatin and {IL-6, ESR, CRP,  TNFα and DAS 28} in RA group. Conclusion:  Visfatin has a role in the pathogenesis of RA and could be considered as a disease marker in RA and a marker of radiographic bone damage and hence as a potential therapeutic target for RA. The finding of present study indicate also that serum visfatin and IL-6 might be of a valuable diagnostic value for RA, however the combined diagnosis using serum visfatin , IL-6 and RF test can improve RA diagnosis in early stage. Further studies are needed to determine the possibility of introducing visfatin as a potential therapeutic target especially in early RA to prevent erosions.

[Ismail Ashraf Khalifa, Abeer Ibrahim, Abdelhameed Abdelfattah and Ashraf abdelmonem. Relation between serum Visfatin and clinical severity in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci. J 2012;10(2s):197-204]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.33

Key words: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Visfatin, Interleukin 6, Tumour Necrosis Factor α and DAS28.

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Relation between serum Visfatin and clinical severity in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis

Ismail Ashraf Khalifa¹,  Abeer Ibrahim², Abdelhameed Abdelfattah³ and Ashraf abdelmonem³

Departments of  Rheumatology¹, Internal medicine² and  Clinical Pathology³ -Faculty of Medicine and Biochemistry⁴ Department, Faculty of Pharmacy(girls)- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

a7b9d@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bachground: Visfatin is a one of the recently discovered adipokine that has an important pro-inflammatory and catabolic roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-15, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), initiate a number of physiological changes that result in the characteristic signs of inflammation. Since inflammation is the major factor leading to structural damage, it is critical to achieve rapid suppression of inflammation to maximize disease control. Objective: to evaluate the role of serum visfatin as a recent pro-inflammatory marker in RA according to the activity scores of disease to assess the possibility of introducing serum visfatin in the diagnosis and monitoring of RA patients and correlate between its serum level and other cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a) and other laboratory biomarkers. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on a total number of 80 individuals, 60 of them were RA (48 females 80% , 12 males 20%) diagnosed as RA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2010 criteria  and 20 healthy subjects as a control (10 females 50%, 10 males 50%). RA patients were classified to 3 groups:Group I ( severe RA): 20 RA patients ,Group II ( moderate RA): 20 RA patients and Group III (mild RA): 20 RA patients according to clinical evaluation for disease activity assessed using a 28 joint disease activity score, (DAS-28). Blood samples were obtained from patients and controls for CBC and ESR. The sera of patients collected for ELISA estimation of serum visfatin , IL6 and TNF-a. CRP and RF were determined by turbidimetry quantitative method. Results: The comparison between the RA and control groups showed that; the mean serum level of visfatin, Platelets (PLT), ESR, IL6, CRP and RF were significantly higher in RA patients than control group .  The comparison between the mild, moderate and severe RA groups showed that the mean  levels of visfatin and IL-6 were significantly higher in severe RA group than moderate RA group which was significantly higher than mild RA group.   There was a significant positive correlation between  serum visfatin and {IL-6, ESR, CRP,  TNFα and DAS 28} in RA group. Conclusion:  Visfatin has a role in the pathogenesis of RA and could be considered as a disease marker in RA and a marker of radiographic bone damage and hence as a potential therapeutic target for RA. The finding of present study indicate also that serum visfatin and IL-6 might be of a valuable diagnostic value for RA, however the combined diagnosis using serum visfatin , IL-6 and RF test can improve RA diagnosis in early stage. Further studies are needed to determine the possibility of introducing visfatin as a potential therapeutic target especially in early RA to prevent erosions.

[Ismail Ashraf Khalifa, Abeer Ibrahim, Abdelhameed Abdelfattah and Ashraf abdelmonem. Relation between serum Visfatin and clinical severity in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):205-212]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.34

Key words: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Visfatin, Interleukin 6, Tumour Necrosis Factor α and DAS28.

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Approaches Used By the Social Workers towards Some of the Developmental Problems in Egypt According to Recent Changes (Case Study)

Sherif Yehia Mahmoud

Social Work and Community Development Department, Faculty of Education, Al Azhar University

Alsharifa_amel@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research deals with the fact that human enrichment is the cornerstone in enriching life and building up of civilization and this enrichment depends greatly upon social workers. The role of social workers is mainly searching, evaluating and trying to find solutions of the different problems that impact the society. So, studying the approaches used by them towards some problems of development will make the social researchers understand their way of thinking and will help them increasing their capability of solving society problems. In this study the approaches used by social workers towards the social, strategic and economic dimensions of development have been evaluated which was necessary to overcome many of the problems that hinder the process of development.

[Sherif Yehia Mahmoud. Approaches Used By the Social Workers towards Some of the Developmental Problems in Egypt According to Recent Changes (Case Study). Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):213-221]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.35

Key words: social worker role, social dimensions of development, economical dimensions of development, strategic dimensions of development, direction.

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Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Lean Muscle Mass and Fat Mass In Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mohamed A. Eid

Department of Physical Therapy For Growth and Development Disorders in Children and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

mohamed.eid27@yahoo.com

Abstract:  Background: The severity of joint pain and joint stiffness and their effects on walking variables especially in children who have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) are serious and represent functional problems. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on lean muscle mass and fat mass in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Thirty children with polyarticular JRA were included in this study. Fifteen children represent control group who treated with therapeutic exercises only and fifteen children represent study group who treated with pulsed magnetic field and therapeutic exercises. Lean muscle mass and fat mass were determined before and after six months of treatment. Results: The current Study showed significant changes in both lean muscle mass and fat mass in study group compared with control group. Pre-treatment results of mean lean muscle mass was 23975.2± 8152.21 g. in control group and 24016.26 ± 7864.39 g. in study group. There was no significant difference between both groups which indicate that they were homogenous (p = 0.98). But post-treatment results showed that mean lean muscle mass was 27143.26 ± 8223.52 g. in control group while that of study group was 35755.46 ± 7106.45 g. which was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.05). Also, pre-treatment results of mean fat mass were 10742.13 ± 5466 g. in control group and 12358.53 ± 6210.27 g. in study group. There was no significant difference between both groups which indicate that they were homogenous (p = 0.45). But post-treatment results showed that mean fat mass was 10008.26 ± 5110.66 g. in control group while that of study group was 6265 ± 3957.92 g. which was statistically significant than the control group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Pulsed magnetic field together with therapeutic exercises are effective in increasing lean muscle mass and decreasing fat mass in children with polyarticular JRA than therapeutic exercises alone.

[Mohamed A. Eid. Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Lean Muscle Mass and Fat Mass In Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Life Sci J 2012; 9(2s):222-228]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.36

 Keywords: : Lean Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pulsed Magnetic Field

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Gemcitabine plus capecitabine versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Mohamed El-Shebiney and Alaa Maria

Clinical Oncology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

alaamaria1@hotmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two different chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Material and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with advanced (local advanced and/or metastatic) unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study and assigned to receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² intravenous infusion (IVI) on days 1 and 8 plus oral (po) capecitabine 825 mg/m² twice daily, days 1–14 followed by a treatment free interval of seven days (Gem-Cap) or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² IVI on days 1 and 8 plus oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² IVI on day 8 (Gem-Ox). Treatment cycles were repeated every three weeks. The primary study end point was assessment of the overall survival (OS) rate; secondary end points were, assessment of the progression-free survival (PFS) rate, objective response rate (ORR), and treatment toxicity. Results: The median follow up time for all patients was 18 weeks. At the time of final analysis, 35 (89.7%) deaths had occurred. Out of the total 39 patients, there were no complete response (CR), 23.8% in the Gem-Cap arm and 22.2% in the Gem-Ox arm had partial response (PR) while 33.3% and 44.4% had stable disease (SD) respectively. Progressive disease occurred in 42.9% of Gem-Cap arm and in 33.3% of the Gem-Ox arm. Patients assigned to Gem-Ox had apparent but not significant improved overall response rate over Gem-Cap (p=0.759). The 1-year OS rate was 9.52% in the Gem-Cap arm vs. 11.11% in the Gem-Ox arm, (p=0.792). The corresponding median survival time was 18 weeks vs. 17 weeks, respectively (p=0.717). The 1-year PFS rate was 4.76% in the Gem-Cap arm and 8.33% in the Gem-Ox arm, (p=0.715). Median PFS was estimated with 15 weeks and 14 weeks, respectively (p=0.388). Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were more frequent in the Gem-Cap arm than Gem-Ox arm (28.6% vs. 5.6% respectively, p<0.05). Non-hematological toxicity presented with peripheral neuropathy was more frequent in Gem-Ox arm, p=<0.001, whereas hand-foot syndrome was more in Gem-Cap arm, p=0.001. Conclusion: Although our study had the limitation of being a single center study with a small sample of enrolled patients, our results can conclude that, the advanced pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease. The efficacy of the Gem-Ox regimen in the treatment of advanced PC seems to be similar to Gem-Cap regimen. However, the toxicity profile of the Gem-Ox regimen is different with significantly fewer hematological adverse events and the major side-effects were peripheral neuropathy whereas, the hand-foot syndrome being the main non-hematological toxicity in the Gem-Cap arm. Further multi-centers trials with large number of patient comparing different multi-agents' regimens with different dosage schedules for patients with advanced PC are warranted.

[Mohamed El-Shebiney and Alaa Maria. Gemcitabine plus capecitabine versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):229-335]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.37

Key words: Pancreatic cancer, Gemcitabine, Capecitabine, Oxaliplatine, toxicity

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Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Biological Markers in Lupus Nephritis

Samia A. Abdo¹, Maryam A. Abdurrhman²andNaglaa Farouk³

Gastroenterology unit¹, Rheumatology Department² Clinical Pathology unit³, Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt.

E mail: Samia_ali5@hotmail.com

Abstract: Lupus nephritis is known as one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers to predict flare of lupus nephritis (LN). It is hoped that non-invasive markers of renal disease can be used to predict flares and remission of disease. Recently, two promising biological markers, anti C1q autoantibody, and serum prolactin were addressed as diagnostic and prognostic markers for lupus nephritis. Aim of this study wasto determine the diagnostic and prognostic values of anti-C1q antibodies, and prolactin as simple and easy biological markers for lupus nephritis-two years follow up.Patients and Methods; 60 active SLE patients divided into two groups, group 1;30 patients with active nephritis, and group 2; 30active SLE patientswithout nephritis. All the patients subjected to complete history andphysical examination. The demographic, clinical and laboratory variables and the disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed. Patients with lupus nephritis WHO class III, IV or V received glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide for induction of remission.  For all the patients, anti C1q, prolactin, anti ds DNA, C3, C4 were measured. Kidney assessment included, urinary sediments, and protein/creatinin ratio, biopsy only for group 1. The length of the follow up was 2 years. Results; the age of the patients, and the duration of the disease were significant higher in-group 1than in group2 (P< 0.001 for both). No significant difference in two groups considering the sex. Prevalence and level of ant C1q, and prolactin were higher in-group 1 than in-group 2 (P<0.001).  Both of them were correlated with the renal score activity at the time of sampling, and at the end of the study. Anti ds DNA did not correlated with the renal activity score. Anti C1q had high sensitivity, and accuracy (86.7%, 0.9) than prolactin (50%, 0.7), versus high specificity of prolactin (100 %). Conclusion: anti-C1q antibodies, and prolactin might be valuable serological biomarkers to reflect kidney involvement and to monitor disease activity of LN.

[Samia A. Abdo, Maryam A. Abdurrhmanand Naglaa Farouk. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Biological Markers in Lupus Nephritis. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):336-345]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.38

Key words: lupus nephritis, anti C1q, prolactin

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The Effect of Concept Mapping on Students’ Learning Achievements and Interests in Taif University

Hanan .A. M. Youssef¹ and Magda. A.M. Mansour²

¹Head of Nursing Department, Assistant Professor of Critical Care Nursing, Taif University

² Associate Professor of Adult Nursing –Assiut University, Taif University

drhanan.y@tu.edu.sa Magda_albeah@hotmail.com

Abstract: There is a growing awareness of the need for changes in nursing education systems, especially in developing self-learning techniques where the student is an active participant in the learning process. Nursing students are exposed to a vast amount of information and reading material that is very specific, technical, and new to the students, they need to able to link learned facts, concepts and principles with new knowledge in order to make sound rational decisions in practice. Concept mapping, a learning strategy used to understand key concepts and relationships between concepts, has been suggested as a method to plan and evaluate nursing care. The purposes for this study were to (1) Find out whether concept mapping improved students’ learning achievement in an advanced nursing courses within the nursing baccalaureate program; and Identify students’ attitudes towards using concept mapping as a learning tool. Method(s): One-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design used with senior-level baccalaureate students (n = 46) students from two classes enrolled in an advanced nursing  course at taif - university in saudi Araba. Students completed questionnaires to self-evaluate their learning and report their satisfaction with concept mapping. Tools were constructed to collect the data, demographic questionnaire, End-of-Training-Concept of Mapping Usage Questionnaire, and End of Semester Concept Map Usage Questionnaire. Results: The experimental data revealed two important results. First, adopting a concept mapping strategy can significantly improve students’ learning achievement compared to using a traditional teaching method. Second, most of the students were satisfied with using concept mapping in advanced nursing courses. Conclusions & Recommendations: This study supported concept mapping as an additional learning strategy and has extended knowledge in the nursing education and also enhance student  interests in learning nursing. Student also thought that concept mapping could be usefully used in other curriculum areas. Further study is recommended to study the relationship between learning style preference and concept mapping as a teaching strategy.

[Hanan. A. M. Youssef and Magda. A.M. Mansour. The Effect of Concept Mapping on Students’ Learning Achievements and Interests in Taif University. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):346-353]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.39

Key words: Concept Mapping; Interactive Learning Strategy; Baccalaureate Nursing Education

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Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections in the Intensive Care Units in Egypt

Omran ME¹, Gomma FM¹, Hayder WA¹, Ali NK², Afifi SS¹, Ashour MS³

¹Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University,

² Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al Azhar University,

³ Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University.

meomran2006@yahoo.com

Abstract: Central venous catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of central venous catheter-related infections (CRIs) according to different access sites, isolation, identification and determination of the predominant microorganisms involved and to determine the risk factors for infection by statistical analysis of the results to contribute the elaboration of actions to prevent and control blood stream infections and mortality among those patients. A total of 160 adult patients with indwelling central venous catheters hospitalized at intensive care units (ICUs) were enrolled in this study. A total of 640 clinical samples were collected from the patients; 4 different samples collected from each patient: 320 blood samples; 160 (pre-catheterized) and the other 160 (post-catheterization), 160 catheter tips and 160 swabs. The clinical samples were cultured on ordinary media for isolation and identification of the isolated microorganisms. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion method according to National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standard 2007 (NCCLS). Microscan automated system was also used for both identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Statistical analysis used SPSS-10 version statistical software. One hundred forty two out of 160 patients (88.75%) suffered from CRIs. Catheter related infections were categorized according to CDC guidelines into Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection (CR-BSI), Clinical Blood Stream Infection (C-BSI), Bloodstream Infection (BSI), Catheter bacteremia (CB) and Exit Site Infection (ESI), their rates were 23.2%, 8.5%, 47.9%, 2.8 % and 0.7% respectively and 16.9% were mixed infections. Semiquantitative culture was used for CRIs diagnosis. The total number of pathogens was 293 microorganisms were isolated from 261 positive cultures. Out of them 139 (47.4%) were Gram positive bacteria, 136 (46.4%) were Gram negative bacteria and 18 (6.1%) were Fungi. High frequency of microorganisms were isolated from post catheterization blood specimens (80.63%) followed by catheter tip samples (44.3%), swabs (29.4%) and the pre-catheterization blood specimens showed the lowest frequency of isolated microorganisms (6.88%).The isolated microorganisms identified by conventional and semiquantitative methods were belonging to 17 different species. The main etiological Gram positive bacteria was Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) representing (30.8%) and the main etiological Gram negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumonia representing (10.6%). Pathogens isolated from CR-BSI were 42 isolates belonging to 13 different species; the most prevalent isolate was CoNS representing (42.9%). Pathogens isolated from C-BSI were 12 isolates belonging to 6 different species, the most prevalent isolate was S. aureus representing (41.7%) while 83 pathogens were isolated from BSI and they were belonging to 14 different species, the most prevalent isolates were CoNS representing (38.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the microorganism isolated from the single ESI detected in the study. The isolated pathogens from CRIs showed a wide range of antibiotic resistance. The emergence of multi-resistant pathogens in ICUs was highly detected in the present study. The most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria causing CRIs were sensitive to imipenem and vancomycin. Proper insertion and care of catheters are essential to avoid infection. Education and training of health professionals on the practice of dealing with the CVC is an important tool in preventing and reducing CRIs.

[Omran ME, Gomma FM, Hayder WA, Ali NK, Afifi SS, Ashour MS. Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections in the Intensive Care Units in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):354-365]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.40

Keyword: central venous catheters, CRIs, ICU, CoNS.

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Study of the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Colitis: Possible Role of Galectins.

Nashwa Eltablawy¹, Laila Ahmed Rashed² and Magdy Fouad Youakim³

Departments of ¹Physiology, ²Medical Biochemistry and ³Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

lailaahmedrashed@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: The anti-inflammatory and reparative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising tool for treating inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders. T cell dysfunction is undoubtedly a key feature in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSCs suppress proliferation and alloreactivity of T cells, where several signaling molecules contribute to this effect. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, now emerge as a main regulator of MSCs immunomodulatory function. However, whether MSCs can be used for treatment of IBD still remains unclear. Aim: In this study, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) - induced colitis model was used to test the effect of infused bone marrow-derived MSCs on immunomodulatory molecules and if they could exert anti-inflammatory effects against experimental colitis.Methods: The study was carried on female albino rats, which were divided into three groups; Group 1 [Control group], Group 2 [Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis group] and Group 3 [MSCs treated group]. Serum values of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL6)] as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 10 (IL10) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)] in the three groups were evaluated quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative analysis of galectins 1, 2, 3 and 4 as well as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene expression was done by Real Time PCR. Colon sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for histopathological changes. Results: DSS-induced colitis group showed similar findings to that of ulcerative colitis in human, including body weight loss, bloody diarrhea, mucosal inflammation and ulceration. PKH26 labeled bone marrow-derived MSCs accumulated in inflamed regions of the colon, mainly in the submucosa and significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathologic severity of DSS-induced colitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL6) were significantly lower in MSCs-treated rats compared to DSS-induced colitis rats. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10, PGE2 and bFGF were significantly higher in MSCs-treated rats compared to DSS-induced colitis rats. Galectin 1 (Gal1), Galectin 2 (Gal2), Galectin 3 (Gal3) and Galectin 4 (Gal4) were significantly higher in MSCs-treated rats compared to DSS-induced colitis rats. Conclusions: Systemic infusion of bone marrow-derived MSCs may exert therapeutic efficacy on acute DSS-induced colitis in rats through their immonumodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which demonstrates the feasibility of using bone marrow-derived MSCs to treat IBD. Also the results presented in this study illustrate the involvement of the measured members of the endogenous galectin family (galectins 1, 2, 3 and 4) in the experimental model of colitis. The changes in their levels during inflammation evidenced that they play important role in MSCs immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions.

[Nashwa Eltablawy, Laila Ahmed Rashed and Magdy Fouad Youakim. Study of the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Colitis: Possible Role of Galectins. Life Sci J 2012; 9(2s):366-376]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.41

Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, galectins, colitis.

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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of   Imipenem Resistant pseudomonas Isolates

 Sherin A.S. ElMasry, Rania A. Ammar and Sally M. Saber

 Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

 sallysaber@ymail.com

Abstract: Background: Pseudomonas spp. is one of the most frequent nosocomial pathogen that is often difficult to treat due to a multi-drug resistant pattern to a wide range of antibiotics like carbapenems.  Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRP) resulting from metallo-b-lactamases has been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infection and is a critical therapeutic problem worldwide, especially in the case of bacteremia. Objectives: In this work we aimed to detect Carbapenemase and MBL production as well as   molecular detection of bla IMP gene in impenem resistant nosocomial isolates of Pseudomonas spp. Material and Methods:A total number of 150 Pseudomonas isolates were collected from clinical specimens submitted to Ain Shams University microbiology Laboratory for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.We used the Imipenem E-test strips to determine the MIC of the IPM resistant isolates .Screening for Carbapenemase and Metallo-β-lactamase was done phenotypically using modified hodge test (MHT) and Imipenem-EDTA Double disk Synergy test (DDST), also molecular detection of bla_IMP gene was performed. Results: It was found that 38 out of 150 isolates (25.4%) were resistant to impenem by disc diffusion method which confirmed by E test that showed only 27 out of 150 (18%) were resistant.  Ten Out of 27 isolates (37%) were expressed bla_IMP gene. However, The Modified Hodge Test Positive isolates were 13 out of 27 E-test resistant isolates (48.1%). While the DDST   positive isolates were 21 out of 27 (77.8%) of   E-test resistant isolates. Conclusion: Metallo-b-lactamases among imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas   were detected in 37% by PCR. This number might have been higher if other genes were included. Phenotypic tests   could be misleading when testing for metallo-b-lactamases. Polymerase Chain Reaction detection remains the gold standard.
[Sherin A.S. ElMasry, Rania A. Ammar and Sally M. Saber. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of   Imipenem Resistant pseudomonas Isolates. Life Sci J 2012; 9(2s): 377-383] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.42

Keywords: Pseudomonas;  imipenem resistance;  metallo-b-lactamases; phenotypic tests

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Non-Pharmacological Pain Management: Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in selected Hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarramah.

Hanan Said Ali ¹, Youssreya Ibrahim ², and Esraa Esam Eldin Mohamed¹

¹Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, ²Faculty of Nursing, Al Masoura University,

¹, ² Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukaramah, KSA

dr_hanan10@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Non-pharmacological methods have unique advantages to relieving pain that medications do not have such as giving the patients a more active role in managing their pain. There are many types of non-pharmacological methods that vary amongst heat/cold, distraction, massage and relaxation. Nurses must have a great knowledge of non-pharmacological methods to practice them effectively. In addition, nurses' own attitudes greatly affect the way they treat a patient's pain. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding non-pharmacological pain management in selected hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarmah. Subjects and methods: 120 nurses, males and females working in medical and surgical wards in selected three hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarramah. The data was collected through using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three parts; a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, a nurse's knowledge assessment questionnaire, and a non-pharmacological methods questionnaire. The results show: knowledge and practices were at a satisfactory level. However, the percentage of applied non-pharmacological pain management was low in hospitals because of a lack of time. There was a positive relationship between age, educational level, years of experience, and attendance on training courses with the knowledge and practice and positive relationship between knowledge and practice of the nursing staff regarding non-pharmacological methods. Conclusion: Nurses have a satisfactory level of knowledge and that leads them to have a positive attitude and a high level of efficiency in applying non-pharmacological methods for pain management. Recommendation: This study recommended that efforts to improve application of nondrug interventions should focus on innovative educational strategies, using problem solving to secure support, and development and testing of new delivery methods that require less time from busy staff nurses.

[Hanan Said Ali,Youssreya Ibrahim and Esraa Esam Eldin Mohamed. Non-Pharmacological Pain Management: Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in selected Hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarramah. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):384-393]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.43

Key words: pain, non-pharmacological, nurses, knowledge, attitude, practice.

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Phytoconstituents Investigation, Anti-diabetic and Anti-dyslipidemic Activities of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne Cultivated in Egypt

Shaza A. Mohamed ¹, Nadia M. Sokkar ², Omyma El-Gindi ³, Zeinab Y. Ali ⁴, Iman M. Alfishawy ⁵

¹Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

³ Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.

⁴ Biochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.

⁵ Medical Administration, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Shaza.halim@hotmail.com

Abstract: Quantitative determination of the total polyphenols and flavonoids of aerial parts of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne family Rosaceae was performed colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum tri-chloride methods respectively. The concentration of total polyphenols expressed as Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was 14± 0.16 mg /g plant extract GAE, while the concentrations of flavonoids and flavonol contents expressed as rutin equivalent (RE) were 6.8± 0.76 and 2.2± 00 mg /g plant extract RE respectively. HPLC analysis of the total polyphenolic contents of aerial parts of the plant revealed the presence of eight compounds and pyrogallol was the highest concentration compound (1029.57 mg/100g dried plant powder), while HPLC analysis of total flavonoids showed the presence of three flavonoids and luteolin was the major compound (9.20mg/100g dried plant powder).GLC analysis of un-saponifiable matters (USM) of the aerial parts of the plant indicated the presence of n-triacontane (17.11%) , β-sitosterol (8.48%) and α-amyrine (14.35%) as the major hydrocarbon , sterol and triterpene respectively. GLC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that palmitic acid (12.179%) and oleic acid (54.297%) were the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids respectively. GLC analysis of mucilage hydrolysate showed that glucose (46.1%) was the major component while fructose (0.34%) was the minor component. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil the leaves of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne proved that the hydrocarbons represented (3.82%), while oxygenated compounds represented (62.25%). Benzaldehyde (34%) was the major constituent of the total volatile oil composition. The mucilage content of the aerial parts of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne exhibited both hypoglycemic and anti-dyslipidemic effects at an oral dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (b.wt., p.o.).

[Shaza A. Mohamed, Nadia M. Sokkar, Omyma El-Gindi, Zeinab Y. Ali, Iman M. Alfishawy. Phytoconstituents Investigation, Anti-diabetic and Anti-dyslipidemic Activity of Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne Cultivated in Egypt. Life Sci J 2012;9(2s):394-403].(ISSN:1097-8135).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj09012s12.44

Keywords: Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne; Rosaceae; Anti-diabetic activity; Anti-dyslipidemic activity.

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